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Fractionation and Pollution Index of Heavy Metals in the Sangdong Tungsten Mine Tailings
양재의,김휘중,전상호,Yang, Jae-E.,Kim, Hee-Joung,Jun, Sang-Ho Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.1
Enormous volumes of mining wastes from the abandoned and closed mines are disposed without a proper treatment in the upper Okdong River basin at Southeastern part of Kangwon Province. Erosion of these wastes contaminates soil, surface water, and sediments with heavy metals. Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in the mine tailing stored in the Sangdong Tungsten tailing dams and to assess the potential pollution index of each metal fraction. Tailing samples were collected from tailing dams at different depth and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of tailings ranged from 7.3 to 7.9. Contents of total N and organic matter were in the ranges of 3.2~5.5%, and 1.3~9.1%, respectively. Heavy metals in the tailings were higher in the newly constructed tailing dam than those in the old dam. Total concentrations of metals in the tailings were in the orders of Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd, exceeded the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the natural abundance levels reported from uncontaminated soils. Relative distribution of heavy metal fractions was residual > organic > reducible > carbonate > adsorbed, reversing the degree of metal bioavailability. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Distribution of metals in the tailing dam profiles was metal specific. Concentrations of Cu at the surface of tailing dams were higher than those at the bottom. Pollution index (PI) values of each fraction of metals were ranged from 4.27 to 8.51 based on total concentrations. PI values of mobile fractions were lower than those of immobile fractions. Results on metal fractions and PI values of the tailing samples indicate that tailing samples were contaminated with heavy metals and had potential to cause a detrimental effects on soil and water environment in the lower part of the stream. A prompt countermeasure to prevent surface of tailings in the dams from water and wind erosions is urgently needed.
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유기리간드가 Paraquat 의 약해에 (藥害) 미치는 영향
양재의,한대성,신용건 ( Jae E . Yang,Dae Sung Han,Yong Keon Shin ) 한국환경농학회 1992 한국환경농학회지 Vol.11 No.3
Organic ligands in the environments are expected to play an important role in regulating the biotoxicity and fate of pesticides. Influences of dissolved humic and fulvic acids on the phytotoxicity of Paraquat were investigated using a bioassay with hydroponically grown rye as indicator species. Levels of Paraquat in water culture media were ranged from 0 to 12μM and those of humic or fulvic acid were 1.0mM as a soluble carbon. Media were prepared in a factorial combination with pHs of 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5, Standard curves of necrosis days, fresh weight, and growth rates, as Phytotoxicity Indices, versus Paraquat concentrations were employed to evaluate the effects of organic ligands on phytotoxicity of paraquat. Organic ligand itself had little effect on rye growth, but Paraquat showed a high degree of toxicity. Paraquat started to show an intensive injury to rye at 0.4∼0.6μM and upper critical phytotoxic concentration was estimated to be 11.0μM In the presence of organic ligands, times required to cause necrosis due to Paraquat were delayed upto 40%. Fresh weights and growth rates were upto 20% higher in treatments of organic ligands plus Paraquat than that of Paraquat alone. Results demonstrated that complexation of organic ligand with Paraquat reduced the bioabailability of Paraquat to rye.
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금속 - Ligand 착염형성에 의한 중금속 제거 방법에 관한 연구 : 유기 Ligand 의 종류와 농도 영향
양재의,신용건,김정제,박정 ( Jae E . Yang,Yong Keon Shin,Jeong Je Kim,Jeong Park ) 한국환경농학회 1992 한국환경농학회지 Vol.11 No.3
This research was conducted to investigate the influence of kind and concentration of organic ligands such as humic (HA) or fulvic acid (FA) on the removal of Cu or Pb from the aqueous solution employing the principles in metal-ligand complexation. Increasing HA concentration enhanced the efficiency of Cu or Pb removal, but there existed upper critical concentrations capable of forming maximum HA-metal complex, which ranged 53-289 and 42-315㎎/L for Cu and Pb, respectively. At these concentrations. efficiency of removal was 70 to 95 % for Pb, but 13 to 65 % for Cu. Amounts of Cu and Pb which complexed with 100㎎ HA were estimated to be 7.5 and 34.1㎎, respectively. FA-metal complex forming reactions were fitted significantly to the empirical models of Freundlich for Cu and Langmuir for Pb. Fulvic acid precipitated nearly 100% of Pb in solution, but formed precipitates with Cu in only 13 to 29%. Comparing organic ligands. HA had a higher removal efficiency for Cu but FA had such for Pb. Metalligand complex formation was differed from kinds and concentrations of corresponding ligands and metals. Results demonstrated that this principle has a strong potential to be employed for treating heavy metals in aqueous solution.
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금속 - Ligand 착염형성에 (錯鹽形成) 의한 중금속 제거 방법에 관한 연구 : 시간의 영향
양재의,신용건,김정제 ( Jae E . Yang,Yong Keon Shin,Jeong Je Kim ) 한국환경농학회 1993 한국환경농학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Objective of this research was to assess the influence of reaction time on the heavy metal-organic ligand complexation by employing kinetic models. Aqueous solutions of humic (HA) or fulvic acid (FA) were reacted with metal solutions with 1:1 ratio to form complexes. Efficiency of organic ligand on metal removal was determined by separating the precipitates from solution using 0.45㎛ filter paper. Complexation between Cu or Pb and HA or FA followed the first- or multiple first order kinetics, largely depending on metal concentration and kind of organic ligand. Amounts of precipitates were increased proportionally with reaction time but reached to quasiequilibrium where rate of precipitate formation was not varied with time. Copper-ligand complexation was, irrespective of ligand, fitted to the single first order kinetics at Cu concentrations lower than 300μM, but this was fitted to the multiple first order kinetics at Cu concentrations higher than 300μM. As increasing Cu concentrations, the precipitates formed more readily, judging from the increased rate constants (κ). In the multiple first order kinetics, κ was decreased as reaction steps proceeded. Most of Cu-ligand precipitates were formed within 15 min. FA precipitated Cu more rapidly than HA did. κ for Pb-HA complexation was decreased but that for Pb-FA reaction was increased, as increasing Pb concentration. Most of Pb-organic ligand complexation occurred within 30 min. Afterwards, κ values were relatively small and not affected much by time. Pb was precipitated by humic acid more readily than Cu when metal concnetrations were 200-300μM. However, when metal concentrations were in the ranges of 400∼500μM, a reversed tendency was observed.
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