주역과 정역, 그리고 천문역법적 사유에서 바라본 학산 이정호의 訓民正音 ‘天文圖’ 고찰

서정화(Jeong-Hwa Seo) 한국동양철학회 2024 동양철학 Vol.- No.62

鶴山 李正浩는 훈민정음 초성 기본자와 11개 중성자를 가지고 <訓民正音圖>를 구상하였다. 그는 별의 형태를 부각시키기 위해 훈민정음 28자에 없는 몇몇의 획을 <훈민정음도> 안에 추가해 그렸다. 이는 <훈민정음도>와 <正易八卦圖>의 유사성을 증명하고자 한 것이고, 이를 통해 훈민정음 창제에 담긴 周易 사상이 바로 正易 사상을 내포한 것임을 말하고자 한 것이다. 그는 더 나아가 황·적도대 성수인 28수를 가지고 ‘正音天文圖’라는 훈민정음 천문도를 그렸고, 거기에 天皇·大帝로 尊空된 중앙의 둘을 포함하여 30일이라는 한 달의 책력을 적용하였다. 사실상 그것은 『정역』에서의 <28宿 運氣圖> 논의 방식에 근거한 것이다. 정음천문도는 전국시대의 『여씨춘추』와 『서경』 「요전」의 천문역법에 대한 기록 속에서 유사한 관념을 발견할 수 있다. 아울러 그것은 복희64괘 圓圖 및 天象列次分野之圖에 담긴 별 그림과도 일맥상통한다. 학산은 정음천문도를 통해, ‘聖王 세종대왕이 즉위하면서 천도를 밝혀 백성의 일을 살피고자 했던 뜻이 훈민정음이라는 神物의 창제에서 드러났고, 그 창제 정신에는 유학의 천도 사상이 담겨 있다’라는 점을 보여주고자 하였다. Hak San 鶴山 Yi Jeong-ho 李正浩 conceptualized and drew the “Hunminjeongeum-do” 訓民正音圖 (Diagram of Hunminjeongeum) using the basic initial consonants and 11 medial vowels of Hunminjeongeum 訓民正音 (It is the Korean alphabet, also called Hangeul). In the process, he added several strokes that were not part of the 28 letters of Hunminjeongeum to the “Hunminjeongeum-do” to emphasize the shapes of stars. This was intended to demonstrate the similarity between the “ Hunminjeongeum-do” and the “Jeongyeok Eight Trigrams Diagram” (正易八卦圖), thereby suggesting that the Zhouyi 周易 philosophy embedded in the creation of Hunminjeongeum inherently contains the Jeongyeok 正易 (Correct Zhouyi) philosophy. Furthermore, he created the Celestial Diagram of Hunminjeongeum using the 28 Lunar Mansions of the ecliptic, which he referred to as the Jeongeum cheonmun-do 正音天文圖. In this diagram, he included the two central positions, elevated as the Emperor of Heaven and the Great Emperor, and applied a 30- day month calendar using all of these elements. In fact, it is based on the discussion in the Jeongyeok regarding the “Diagram of the 28 Lunar Mansions’ Energy Flow chart” (二十八宿運氣圖). The Jeongeum cheonmun-do can be found to contain similar concepts to those in the records of astronomical calendrical science from the Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋, written during the Warring States period in China, and the “ Yaodian” 堯典 chapter of the Shujing 書經. Moreover, it is closely related to the circular diagram of the Fuxi 64 Hexagrams and also shares commonality with the star illustrations found in the Cheonsang yeolcha bunyajido 天象列次分 野之圖, a celestial map engraved in the early Joseon Dynasty. Haksan sought to demonstrate through the Jeongeum cheonmundo that ‘the intention of King Sejong, the Sage King, to illuminate the Heavenly Way and care for the affairs of the people upon his ascension to the throne is revealed in the creation of the miraculous letters Hunminjeongeum, and that the spirit of its creation embodies the Confucian concept of the Heavenly Way.’

제23회 대학교육 정책포럼-대학경쟁력 강화와 대학의 인적 자원 개발

서정화,Seo, Jeong-Hwa 한국대학교육협의회 2007 大學敎育 Vol.150 No.-

한국대학교육협의회는 11월 8일(목) 홍익대학교에서 대교협, 전국대학기획실(처)장협의회,한국고등교육정책학회의 공동주최로 제23회 대학교육 정책포럼을 개최하였다. 이 포럼은 차기정부의 고등교육경쟁력 제고방안이라는 주제로 서정화 홍익대 교수의 기조발표, 강병운 대교협 고등교육연구소장의 주제발표 및 신승호 강원대 기획처장, 김민구 아주대 기획처장, 신정철 서울대 교수, 서수용 한국대학신문 뉴스본부장, 정일환 대구가톨릭대 교수의 토론으로 진행되었으며 "대학교육"에서는 이 중 기조발표 내용을 게재한다.

실시간 데이터를 지원하는 통합 캐시 및 차별화된 핸드오프를 이용한 셀룰러 IP의 성능분석

서정화,한태영,김남,Seo, Jeong-Hwa,Han, Tae-Young,Kim, Nam 한국콘텐츠학회 2003 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.3 No.2

In this paper, the new scheme using a Combined Cache(CC) that combing the Paging and Routing Cache(PRC) and an alternative handoff method according to the type of data transmission for achieving the efficient realtime communication. The PRC and quasi-soft handoff method reduce the path duplication. But they increase the network traffic load because of the handoff state packet of Mobile Host(MH). Moreover the use the same handoff method without differentiating the type of transmission data. Those problems are solved by operating U with a semi-soft handoff method for realtime data transmission and with a hard handoff method for non-realtime data transmission. As a result or simulation a better performance is obtained because of the reduction of the number of control packet in case that the number of cells are below 20. And the packet arrival time and loss of packet decreased significantly for realtime data transmission.

대학의 교수정원 정책의 개선방향

서정화,Seo, Jeong-Hwa 한국대학교육협의회 1989 大學敎育 Vol.42 No.-

교수 신규임용의 실태와 개선방향

서정화,Seo, Jeong-Hwa 한국대학교육협의회 1991 大學敎育 Vol.53 No.-

한.일 고등교육의 현안 문제에 관한 세미나

서정화,Seo, Jeong-Hwa 한국대학교육협의회 1987 大學敎育 Vol.29 No.-

통합 캐시 및 차별화된 핸드오프를 이용한 셀룰러 IP의 성능개선에 관한 연구

서정화,김남,Seo Jeong Hwa,Kim Nam 한국통신학회 2004 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.29 No.12B

셀룰러 IP 성능을 개선하기 위하여 기존에 제안된 페이징 및 루트 정보관리 캐시와 준-소프트 핸드오프 방식은 실시간 데이터 전송에 있어서 문제점을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 이에 대한 해결 방안으로 통합 캐시 (Combined Cache :CC)와 데이터에 따라 차별화된 핸드오프 방식의 운용을 제안하였다. 제안하는 통합 캐시는 MH에서 핸드 오프상태모드를 운용하지 않고, 아이들/ 액티브 상태만 운용하며, 핸드오프 방식은 데이터에 따라 차별화된 핸드오프 방식을 사용한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제어패킷의 부하, 초기 수신시 데이터 패킷에 대한 트래픽 부하, 핸드오프시 패킷의 도착시간을 CIP, PRC와 비교하여 제안한 방식이 실시간 데이터 전송에 성능이 우수함을 확인하였다. There are some problems with the methods of paging and routing cache(PRC) and quasi soft handoff that are proposed to improve the performance for the transmission of real time data. This paper proposed a reasonable solution of these problems by proposing a new method using a combined cache(CC) and applying a different handoff procedure according to each type of data. The combined cache dose not maintain the handoff state but the idlle/active state. The simulation results in a better performance than the above methods in terms of the control packet traffic load, initial recevied data packet traffic load and arrival tune of real time packet at the epoch of handoff.

통계적 사고 능력 향상을 위한 인포그래픽 활용

서정화(Jeong-Hwa Seo), 이광호(Kwang-Ho Lee) 한국교원대학교 뇌·AI기반교육연구소 2020 Brain, Digital, & Learning Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the ways to improve student’s statistical thinking ability using infographics. And to do so, the textbooks were analyzed and reconstructed into infographics. The experiment group was taught statistics using infographics, and the comparison group was taught statistics according to the existing textbooks. Then, the statistical thinking ability test was used to compare the difference of statistical thinking ability. Statistical thinking ability was examined by classifying thinking ability tests. In addition, the eye-tracking test was conducted to see if the infographic factors affect the difference in statistical thinking ability. As a result of statistical thinking ability test and eye tracking data, statistical learning using infographic was effective in improving statistical thinking ability. Through this, the implications for introducing infographics into mathematics textbooks were suggested

『정몽』 「삼양」편에 보이는 장재의 천지관 및 천체운행 논의의 이해와 그에 대한 왕부지의 해석 - 천체력 기년원리 궁구 과정의 첫 번째 발걸음【2/3】 -

서정화 ( Seo Jeong-hwa ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2019 유학연구 Vol.47 No.-

As the subtitle of this paper, ‘the first step in the process of the investigation into the method to mark an era in the way of Tiantili(天體曆)'s book calendar’, shows, this study aims at examining the discussion among predecessors, particularly Zhang Zai(張載)'s viewpoint on the sky and the earth(天地觀) and the discussion on the movements of celestial bodies in depth. It's difficult to find immediate relation between the logical principle to mark an era with Ganzhi(干支) of Tiantili(天體曆) formed around Han Dynasty and Neo-Confucian discussion on the sky(天). Yet, with small hope of finding a little clue in this area with few preceding researches, about Zhang Zai(張載)'s key discussions over the viewpoint of the sky and the earth(天地觀) and the movements of celestial bodies discussed about the way of sky(天道) were examined in this study. In addition, as an explanation about it, Wang Fu Zhi(王夫之)'s Zhang-zi-zheng-meng zhu(『張子正蒙注』 : Wang Fu Zhi(王夫之)'s commentary on Zheng meng(『正蒙』) written by Zhang Zai(張載)) was studied, too. The key of what Zhang Zai(張載) argued through the discussion of the structure of the sky and the earth and celestial bodies' movements in chapter “Can liang(參兩)” of Zheng meng(『正蒙』) was that ‘the sun, the moon, and the five planets followed well the route on which celestial bodies rotated as if they were obedient even though they were slower than the sky(天)’. He attached a fixed star to the sky, the sun, the moon and the five planets to the earth. Moreover, he set the being called ‘qi’(氣: the power as the origin in the formation of all creatures in the Oriental philosophy) between ‘the sky(天)’ that rotated in the same speed without a change from the east to the west and ‘the earth(地)’ without a rotational movement. In addition, the ‘qi’(氣) rotates from the east to the west like the sky as if it obeys the movement of the sky. Through this concept, he tried to explain the reason why the sun, the moon and the five planets couldn't move completely identically as fixed stars did. Meanwhile, it has been also verified that in this part, Wang Fu Zhi(王夫之) made a mistaken comment that Zhang Zai(張載) argued the rotation exercise of the earth.

『삼명통회』에서의 성리학적 사유와 도덕철학적 함의 고찰 ― 「원조화지시(原造化之始)」편을 중심으로【A】―

서정화 ( Seo Jeong-hwa ) 동양철학연구회 2024 동양철학연구 Vol.119 No.-

The use of 60-jiǎzǐ-gānzhī(六十甲子干支: the sexagesimal calendar system) as the marks of dates of almanacs(冊曆) in China is observed in the oracle bone script(甲骨文) of the Shāng(商) Dynasty, too. Yet, its conceptual use expanded to years can be seen only in the data of the dynasties from the end of the Warring States period(戰國時代) to the Western Han Dynasty(西漢 BC.202~AD.8). The calendar system(紀年法: the rule to mark a year in an almanac(冊曆)) with gānzhī(干支) had begun to be used in full scale since Xīn(新 9~23) Dynasty that existed between Western Han Dynasty(西漢) and Eastern Han Dynasty(東漢 25~220). The birth of the theory of Zǐ Píng Myeongli study(Sajumyeongli(四柱命理) study) became possible only after the era when the calendar system with enhanced ‘almanacs of the 24 Solar Terms(二十四節氣)’ was developed greatly and completed, and, at the same time, when the value of each common individual's life was highlighted. The advanced theory of Xú Zǐ Píng(徐子平)'s Sajumyeongli(四柱命理) study began to be honored in the world because of the book, 『Yuān Hǎi Zi Píng(淵海子平)』, written by Xú Dà Shēng(徐大升) in the middle of the 13th century, and it was published as a book during the Ming Dynasty(明1368~1644). These two factors show that Sajumyeongli(四柱命理) came from the soil of Neo-Confuncianism(性理學). Zhū Xī(朱熹)'s Neo-Confuncianism flowered most widely in Ming Dynasty(明). One of the Sajumyeongli books written in that period was the very 『Sān Mìng Tōng Huì(三命通會)』. The first chapter of 『Sān Mìng Tōng Huì(三命通會)』, 「Yuán Zàohuà zhī Shǐ(原造化之始)」, clearly expresses the philosophical introspection by its author, Wàn Mín Yīng(萬民英). It's based on the reasoning of the Li-qi theory(理氣論: a Neo-Confuncian(性理學) theory which pursues a systematic explanation about cosmic phenomena and the matter of human moral practice by using the categories of ‘the principle of the universe and Yin-Yang and the Five Elements’) on the basis of the way of heaven(天道) of Zhū Xī's study(朱子學). Wàn Mín Yīng(萬民英) devoted a lot of pages to the quotation of the writings by great Confucianists from Song(宋) and Ming Dynasty(明), among which, Zhōu Dūn Yí(周敦頤), particularly Zhū Xī(朱熹)'s words, were given the most major coverage.