박인환 시의 불안, 죽음 의식과 이를 통한 시쓰기의 문제

박지은(Park, Ji-Eun) 한국시학회 2018 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.55

이 연구는 박인환 시에 나타나는 불안과 죽음 의식에 대해 논의한다. 또한 박인환 시에서 나타나는 불안과 죽음 의식이 단순하게 비극적 시대 상황에 처한 지식인의 수동적인 감정이 아니라, 그가 역사를 인식하는 데 보다 근본적인 역할을 하는 중요한 ‘기분’(Stimmung)임을 밝히고자 하였다. 나아가 이 과정을 통해 박인환 시에서 주로 등장하는 모티프들(검은 신, 바람/폭풍, 종말 등)을 해석하고, 박인환 시를 깊이 있게 이해하는 한 지점을 마련하고자 했다. 그의 문학 전반을 관통하고 있는 불안과 죽음 의식은 단순히 한국전쟁이라는 특정한 원인에 국한되는 것이 아니다. 그의 시에서 불안은 오히려 세계 속에 ‘내던져져 있음’(Geworfenheit)에 의한 존재론적 불안에 가깝다. 그는 이러한 존재론적 불안을 ‘바람’(폭풍)의 이미지로 표현하고 있으며, 그에게 인식되는 무의미의 세계는 ‘검은 신’의 이미지로 나타난다. 존재론적인 불안의 문제는 죽음 의식과도 연관된다. 그는 언제나 자신을 삶과 죽음 사이에 위치한 존재로 위치시키는데, 이 때 그에게 죽음은 곧 닥쳐올 어떤 것이면서 동시에 그로 하여금 현재의 삶을 계속 자각하게 하는 것이다. 그에게 죽음을 인식하는 시간은 자신이 처한 현재를 객관적으로 바라보게 하는 ‘순간’이 된다는 것이 그의 죽음 의식의 특징적인 부분이다. 결국 그가 불안과 죽음 의식을 통해 얻게 된 것은 양심으로서의 시쓰기이다. 화자는 불안 속에서 들려진 양심의 부름을 듣고, 그는 본래적인 자기(시인이 되기)를 회복하려는 노력을 계속한다. 이렇게 봤을 때 불안과 죽음에 대한인식은 시인이 시쓰기를 계속할 수 있는 동력이 된다. 즉 박인환의 문학에서 ‘불안’은 단순하게 전쟁으로 인한 수동적인 감정을 표현하는 것이 아니며, 오히려 그의 시작(詩作) 전체를 추동시키는 근본적인 요인으로 기능하였다는 것을 알 수 있다. 박인환은 자신의 문학을 통해 특정한 시대를 뛰어 넘는 진정한 실존의 의미에 대해 질문했다. 또한 불안이라는 감정에 잠식되는 것에서 나아가 자신만의 독특한 죽음 의식과 양심의 문제를 보여주었다. This study discusses Park, In-hwan’s attitude toward death and anxiety as they appear in his poetry. I argue that the anxiety and consciousness of death that appears in Park’s poetry is not simply the passive emotional response of an intellectual facing a tragic era, but is instead an important mood(stimmung) that serves a more fundamental role in Park’s perception of history. Through this process, I interpret some of the main motifs of Park’s work (the black god, wind/storms, finality, and so on), hoping to provide a perspective from which to understand Park’s poetry with greater depth. The source of the anxiety and consciousness of death that permeates Park’s work is not limited simply to the Korean War. The anxiety of his poetry is instead closer to the ontological anxiety of “having-been-thrown” (geworfenheit) into the world. He expresses this ontological anxiety through the image of ‘wind’ (or storms), and he represents a perceived world of meaninglessness in the image of ‘the black god.’ The issue of ontological anxiety is also linked to his consciousness of death. Park consistently locates himself in the space between life and death, so that to him death is both something fast approaching and, at the same time, the thing that repeatedly makes him aware of life. The discerning feature of this consciousness of death is that the moment the poet perceives death is the moment that forces him to see his present objectively. Ultimately what Park achieves through this consciousness of death is a poetry of conscience. From within his anxiety, the speaker hears the call of conscience, and then makes a continued effort to recover his essential self (to become a poet). In this way, anxiety and perception of death become the motivation for the poet to continue writing poetry. In other words, it can be seen that in Park’s work, anxiety is not only the expression of a passive emotional response to war, but in fact functions as the fundamental element that sets his entire poetic process in motion. Park thereby approaches the question of the real meaning of existence, which extends beyond a specific era, in his literary work. In addition, he moves beyond the encroachments of anxiety as an emotion to reveal a unique attitude towards death and the problem of conscience.

임플란트 환자의 분포 및 식립부 유형

박지은,윤정호,정의원,김창성,조규성,채중규,김종관,최성호,Park, Ji-Eun,Yun, Jeong-Ho,Jung, Ui-Won,Kim, Chang-Seong,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Chai, Jung-Kiu,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Seong-Ho 대한치주과학회 2004 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.34 No.4

Nowdays, the awareness of implant treatment has grown rapidly among dentists and patients alike in Korea, as it becomes a widely accepted treatment. The reason is that unlike crown and bridge or denture treatment, implant treatment helps preserve existing bone and improve masticatory functions. So, It is needed understanding about the type, distribution of implant patient. The following results on patient type and implant distribution were compiled from 4433 implant cases of 1596 patients treated at the periodontal dept. of Y University Hospital during 1992 to 2004. 1. There are no dissimilarities between men and women, with patients in their 40, 50s accounting for 52.5% of patients and 57.5% of implant treatments; the largest share of patients and implant treatments. 2. Mn. posterior area accounted for 54.9% of implant treatments followed by Mx. posterior area(27.6%), Mx anterior area(11.9%) and Mn anterior area(5.6%). 3. Partial edentulous patients treated by single crown and bridge-type prosthesis accounted for 97.5% and fully edentulous patient accounted for the remaining 2.5%. 4. The major cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease, followed by dental caries, trauma and congenital missing. Also, older people are more likely to suffer from tooth loss due to periodontal disease rather than dental caries. 5. In the distribution of bone quality for maxillae, type III was most, followed by type II, r type IV and r type I. As for mandible, type II was most, followed by type III, type IV and for type I. 6. In the distribution of bone quantity for maxillae, type C was most, followed by type B, type D, type A, and for type E. As for mandible, type B was 52% most, followed by type C, type D, type A and type E. 7. The majority of implants were those of 1O-14mm in length (85.2%) and regular diameter in width (64%). The results provided us with basic data on patient type, implant distribution, bone condition, etc. We wish that our results coupled with other research data helps assist in the further study for better implant success/survival rates, etc.

한국인 다낭성난소증후군 환자에서 미토콘드리아 DNA Copy 수의 정량적 분석

박지은,장민희,조성원,김유신,원형재,조정현,백광현,이숙환,Park, Ji-Eun,Jang, Min-Hee,Cho, Sung-Won,Kim, Yoo-Shin,Won, Hyung-Jae,Cho, Jung-Hyun,Baek, Kwang-Hyun,Lee, Sook-Hwan 대한생식의학회 2006 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.33 No.4

목 적: 제2형 당뇨의 위험도가 높은 PCOS 환자와 미토콘드리아와의 연관성을 보기 위하여 mitochondria DNA copy 수를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 연구대상자는 ESHRE의 진단 기준을 만족하는 다낭성난소증후군 여성 28명과 연령이 비슷하며 규칙적인 생리를 하는 여성 28명의 대조군을 대상으로 하였다. 연구대상자들의 genomic DNA는 혈액에서 추출하였으며, 미토콘드리아의 ribosomal RNA 부위를 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 증폭한 후 클로닝 하여 표준곡선을 작성한 후, 이를 토대로 다낭성난소증후군 환자의 미토콘드리아 initial quantity를 계산하였다. 결 과: Real-time PCR 결과 다낭성난소증후군 환자의 mtDNA copy 수는 $2,167,887.50{\pm}1,252,459.28$, 정상 대조군은 $1,726,410{\pm}407,858.519$으로 다낭성난소증후군 환자에서 약간 감소하였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다 (p=0.08). 결 론: 본 연구에서는 다낭성난소증후군 환자의 혈액에서 mtDNA copy 수를 조사한 결과, 정상 대조군과 다낭성난소증후군 환자 사이에서 mtDNA copy 수의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 다낭성난소증후군의 병인에는 상당히 복합적인 요소가 있는 것으로 보여지며 그 중 인종적, 지역적 그리고 유전적인 변이가 있는 것으로 보이기 때문에 앞으로 여러 인종에서 더 많은 다낭성난소증후군 환자를 대상으로 연구하여야 될 것으로 사료되는 바이다. Objective: We analyzed quantification of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) to investigate the relationship of mitochondria and pathogenesis of PCOS. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 28 patients with PCOS who were under the inclusion criteria for PCOS and from 28 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was used to analyze real-time PCR for mtDNA copy number quantification. The mtDNA copy number was compared between the control and PCOS groups. All data was expressed as mean ${\pm}$ SD. Statistical analysis was assessed by t-test. Results: In this study, the mtDNA $C_T$ was $11.67{\pm}0.422$ in PCOS patients and $11.51{\pm}0.722$ in control group, respectively. The mtDNA copy number was $1726410.71{\pm}407858.591$ the patients of in PCOS and $2167887.51{\pm}252459.28$ in control group (p=0.08), respectively. Conclusion: In our study, using real-time PCR, there was a tendency of lower mtDNA copy number in the patients of PCOS when comparing to the control group even though statistical difference was not significant. However, more extensive analysis is required to clarity relationship between mtDNA copy number and pathogenesis of PCOS.

한국 노인의 저작능력에 따른 식품 및 음식섭취 특성: 2007~2010년 국민건강영양조사 자료에 근거하여

박지은,안희정,정성욱,이윤나,김초일,장영애,Park, Ji Eun,An, Hee Jung,Jung, Sung Ug,Lee, Yoonna,Kim, Cho-Il,Jang, Young Ai 한국영양학회 2013 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.46 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of the dietary intake of Korean elderly according to chew-ing ability using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted during 2007-2010. Among subjects aged 65 years and over, more than half, 54.3% of elderly people, were classified as the difficulty in chewing group (DC). The DC group had lower nutrients and food intakes than those of in the no difficulty in chewing group (NDC). Findings showed that subjects in the DC group consumed fewer foods, especially fruits and vegetables. In addition, the DC group had significantly lower intakes of pan-fried food, stir-fried food, braised food, and seasoned-cooked vegetables, which could not be easily cooked or chewed. On the other hand, the number of soups and stews included in the top 30 largely consumed dishes were higher in the DC group than in the NDC group. No difference in numbers of daily meal/snack intake was observed between the two groups, however, the DC group had lower numbers of side-dishes compared to the NDC group. Fewer side-dishes per meal could be related to lower intakes of nutrients in dietary quality. Findings of this study demonstrated that dietary intake was influenced by chewing ability of elderly Korean people. Therefore, study of factors affecting dietary intake such as convenient cooking methods to decrease cooking time and skills to extend preservation and storage time of foods will necessary. In addition, development of food products and new techniques of cooking considering health status, chewing, and swallowing ability is required for the elderly, followed by establishment of standards for senior-friendly food products.

청심연자탕으로 호전된 올리브교소뇌위축증 환자 치험 1례

박지은,이슬,이정윤,Park, Jieun,Lee, Seul,Lee, Jeongyun 사상체질의학회 2020 사상체질의학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Objectives This study aimed to report significant improvement of dizziness, gait disturbance and dysarthria after treatment with Sasang constitutional medicine treatment on a Taeeumin patient with olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Methods A 53-year-old female diagnosed olivopontocerebellar atrophy about one year ago suffered from dizziness, gait disturbance and dysarthria. The patient was identified as Taeeumin Joyeol pattern and treated with Cheongsimyeonja-tang and Taegeuk acupuncture. The patient's main symptoms were observed using Global Assessment Scale (GAS) during the treatment period. In addition, the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) was used to assess the overall function of patient. Results We observed a significant improvement in symptoms of dizziness, gait disturbance and dysarthria using GAS, and UMSARS score decreased in Part I and II. Conclusions This case showed that Sasang constitutional medicine treatment can be effective treatment for Taeeumin patient with olivopontocerebellar atrophy. We consider that consistent treatment can contribute to improve the patient's quality of life.

조선시대와 현대의 산 향유 양상 고찰 및 발전 방향 모색 - 경북 선비문화권 주요 명산(名山)을 대상으로 -

박지은,양유선,함연수,이나희,성종상,Park, Ji-eun,Yang, Yoo-sun,Hamm, Yeon-su,Lee, Na-Hee,Sung, Jong-Sang 한국조경학회 2021 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.49 No.6

우리나라는 산지형 국가로 예로부터 산은 국민의 일상과 깊은 관계를 맺어왔으며, 산림 향유 문화의 역사적 켜가 두텁다. 따라서 한국 산의 풍부한 유산 문화의 가치를 재조명하고 다각으로 활용하는 방안을 모색하는 것은 유의미한 일이다. 이에 본 연구는 유산(遊山)문화가 성행하였던 조선시대의 산림 향유 문화와 현대 산림 여가 문화 양상을 비교하여 분석함으로써 한국의 산 향유 문화의 발전 방향을 고찰해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 한국의 명산으로 손꼽히는 청량산, 소백산, 속리산의 유산기록과 현대사회의 블로그 산행 글을 분석하였다. 그 결과 조선시대 선비들은 산을 학문과 심신 수련의 장, 연회와 문예활동의 공간으로 찾고 있었다. 그리고 산에 오랜 시간 머물며 산수풍경을 오롯이 즐기고 자연 경관을 대상으로 다양한 학예 및 풍류 활동을 하는 등 유산 문화를 꽃피웠다. 반면 현대인들은 산을 하루 반나절 동안 빠르게 완주하는 공간으로 여기고 있었다. 그러다 보니 산림 경관을 단순한 조망에서 나아가 문화 콘텐츠로 활용하지 못하고 있었다. 하지만 오늘날은 산행과 관련한 정보수집이 용이하고 기술 및 교통의 발달로 다양한 규모와 성격의 산행을 상황에 맞게 운영 가능하다는 점은 긍정적이었다. 향후 한국 고유의 산림 향유 문화의 발전을 위해서는 현대사회의 산행의 이점은 살리고 과거 풍부했던 유산(遊山)문화를 재해석하여 활용할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해서는 등반에 치우친 산행이 아닌 산의 풍경을 충분히 만끽할 수 있는 유람(遊覽)형 산행을 제안해야 할 것이다. 그리고 산수 경관이 다양한 산림 휴양 활동 및 문화로 승화될 수 있도록 적절한 공간 조성 및 배치와 더불어 지역의 역사·인문 콘텐츠와 사찰 및 인력 자원을 적극 연계하여 활용하여야 할 것이다. In Korea, mountains constitute 60 percent of the total land area. For a long time, mountains have been deeply involved in people's daily lives, acting as a significant layer of culture. For those reasons, it would be meaningful to shed light on the values of the mountain culture of Korea and seek various ways to utilize them. Therefore, this study aims to explore Korea's mountain enjoyment culture, considering the mountain leisure in the Joseon Dynasty period, when the heritage of mountain enjoying culture was prevalent, and that of the present era. For the analysis, hiking records of the Joseon Dynasty and present-day hiking blog posts related to three famous mountains in Korea were examined. Findings show that people stayed in the mountains for a long time in the Joseon Dynasty, concentrating on the landscape deeply, and various academic and artistic cultures flourished there. In contrast, contemporary people regard the mountain merely as a space to access the peak and climb down quickly within a day. Therefore, the landscape of the mountain cannot be used as a cultural asset beyond natural scenery. However, there are several positive aspects to today's climbing culture. For example, it is easy to obtain information on climbing and feasible ways to conduct various sizes and concepts of hiking due to the development of technology and transportation. In order to develop Korea's unique mountain enjoyment culture in the future, we should propose a 'leisurely hike' that allows people to enjoy the mountain scenery fully and sublimating it into culture, rather than being hiking that is limited to climbing. In addition, it is essential to create suitable spaces, arranging them appropriately to utilize the history and humanities context of the mountain, and connect local facilities and the workforce, thereby causing the development of various mountain enjoyment cultures.

외부탄소원으로 활성화된 토착미생물에 의한 화약물질(TNT and RDX) 분해 최적화

박지은,배범한,Park, Jieun,Bae, Bumhan 한국지하수토양환경학회 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.3

Contamination of explosive compounds in the soils of military shooting range may pose risks to human and ecosystems. As shooting ranges are located at remote places, active remediation processes with hardwares and equipments are less practical to implement than natural solutions such as bioremediaton. In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to select a suitable carbon source and to optimize dosing rate for the enhanced bioremediation of explosive compounds in surface soils and sediments of shooting ranges with indigenous microorganisms activated by external carbon source. Treatability study using slurry phase reactors showed that the presence of indigenous microbial community capable of explosive compounds degradation in the shooting range soils, and starch was a more effective carbon source than glucose and acetic acid in the removal of TNT. However, at higher starch/soil ratio, i.e., 2.0, the acute toxicity of the liquid phase increased possibly due to transformation products of TNT. RDX degradation by indigenous microorganisms was also stimulated by the addition of starch but the acute toxicity of the liquid phase decreased with the increase of starch/soil ratio. Taken together, the optimum range of starch/soil ratio for the degradation of explosive compounds without significant increase in acute toxicity was found to be 0.2 of starch/soil.

스크린 인쇄와 리버스 오프셋 인쇄를 혼합한 대면적 미세 전극용 인쇄공정

박지은,송정근,Park, Ji-Eun,Song, Chung-Kun 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.5

In this paper a printing process for patterning electrodes on large area substrate was developed by combining screen printing with reverse off-set printing. Ag ink was uniformly coated by screen printing. And then etching resist (ER) was patterned in the Ag film by reverse off-set printing, and then the non-desired Ag film was etched off by etchant. Finally, the ER was stripped-off to obtain the final Ag patterns. We extracted the suitable conditions of reverse Using the process we successfully fabricated gate electrodes and scan bus lines of OTFT-backplane used for e-paper, in which the diagonal size was 6 inch, the resolution $320{\times}240$, the minimum line width 30 um, and sheet resistance 1 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$.

전분 환 투입에 의한 실험실 규모 침전지 저부에서의 생화학적 환경 변화와 화약물질(TNT 및 RDX) 분해

박지은,배범한,Park, Jieun,Bae, Bumhan 한국지하수토양환경학회 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.3

A starch ball was devised to conveniently supply carbon source to indigenous microorganisms and to enhance biotransformation of explosive compounds(TNT and RDX) in the sediments of settling basins installed in military shooting ranges. To identify optimum dose/sediment ratio for degradation of explosives in the basin, a series of bench scale settling basin experiments were performed for 30 days while monitoring supernatant pH, DO, concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, explosive compounds, and acute toxicity measured by bacterial luminescence. Addition of starch ball induced changes in oxidation conditions from oxic to anoxic in the benthic zone of the basin, which resulted in subsequent reductive degradation of both TNT and RDX in the liquid and solid phase of basin. However, fermentation products of excess starch, acetic acid and formic acid, caused acute toxicity in the liquid phase. The optimum ratio of starch ball/sediment for explosive compounds degradation by inducing changes in bio-geochemical environments without increase in acute toxicity, was found to be 0.009~0.017.

인공위성 고도계 자료와 해색 위성 자료 기반의 동해 중규모 소용돌이 탐지 비교

박지은,박경애,PARK, JI-EUN,PARK, KYUNG-AE 한국해양학회 2019 바다 Vol.24 No.2

인공위성 자료를 활용한 중규모 소용돌이 탐지에는 해수면온도, 식물플랑크톤 클로로필-a 색소 농도, 해수면고도 등 다양한 해양 변수를 활용할 수 있다. 각 위성 해양 자료는 시 공간 해상도, 관측 방식 및 자료 처리 과정이 상이하기 때문에, 동일한 소용돌이에 대해서도 다른 탐지 결과를 유도할 수 있어, 인공위성 자료를 활용한 소용돌이 탐지에 대한 기초 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 해색 위성 자료, 위성 고도계 해수면고도 자료, 적외선 해수면온도 자료를 활용하여 동해 중규모 소용돌이를 탐지하고 그 결과를 상호 비교하였다. 연속된 해색 위성 클로로필-a 농도 영상으로부터 최대 상호 상관 계수를 통하여 산출한 표층 해류장과, 위성 고도계의 해수면고도 영상 자료로부터 산출한 지형류를 활용하여 동해 중규모 소용돌이를 탐지하였다. 소용돌이 탐지 결과를 상호 비교하기 위하여 1) 해색 영상과 고도계 영상이 동시에 소용돌이를 탐지한 경우, 2) 해색 영상과 해수면온도 영상에는 존재하나 고도계 자료는 탐지하지 못한 경우, 3) 해색 영상과 해수면온도 영상에는 소용돌이가 존재하지 않으나 고도계 자료에서는 존재하는 경우 등 세 가지 사례를 선택하였다. 이와 같은 세 가지 사례를 통하여 동해 중규모 소용돌이 탐지 시 인공위성 고도계 자료의 문제점 제기와 더불어, 해색 위성 자료와 적외선 해수면온도 자료의 한계점을 제시하였다. 또한 해양 현상과 인공위성 관측 원리에 대한 깊이 있는 이해를 기반으로 소용돌이 탐지 및 관련 연구가 진행되어야 함을 강조하였다. Detection of mesoscale oceanic eddies using satellite data can utilize various ocean parameters such as sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a pigment concentration in phytoplankton, and sea level altimetry measurements. Observation methods vary for each satellite dataset, as it is obtained using different temporal and spatial resolution, and optimized data processing. Different detection results can be derived for the same oceanic eddies; therefore, fundamental research on eddy detection using satellite data is required. In this study, we used ocean color satellite data, sea level altimetry data, and infrared SST data to detect mesoscale eddies in the East Sea and compared results from different detection methods. The sea surface current field derived from the consecutive ocean color chlorophyll-a concentration images using the maximum cross correlation coefficient and the geostrophic current field obtained from the sea level altimetry data were used to detect the mesoscale eddies in the East Sea. In order to compare the eddy detection from satellite data, the results were divided into three cases as follows: 1) the eddy was detected in both the ocean color and altimeter images simultaneously; 2) the eddy was detected from ocean color and SST images, but no eddy was detected in the altimeter data; 3) the eddy was not detected in ocean color image, while the altimeter data detected the eddy. Through these three cases, we described the difficulties with satellite altimetry data and the limitations of ocean color and infrared SST data for eddy detection. It was also emphasized that study on eddy detection and related research required an in-depth understanding of the mesoscale oceanic phenomenon and the principles of satellite observation.