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SSD의 Mapping Unit Size 변화에 따른 FTL 성능 분석
김동률(Dong Ryul Kim),송용호(Yong Ho Song) 대한전자공학회 2015 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11
비휘발성 메모리 SSD(Solid State Drive)는 HDD(Hard Disk Drive)와 비교했을 때, 성능상의 장점을 많이 가지고 있다. 하지만, 낸드플래시의 특성상 write 시간이 read 시간보다 4~5배 많이 소요되고, overwrite이 불가능하며, erase가 필요하다는 단점 또한 존재한다. 따라서 FTL(Flash Translation Layer)의 효율적인 알고리즘을 통해, write 횟수 및 erase 횟수를 줄이는 것이 SSD의 성능 측면에서 매우 중요하다. FTL에서는 주소 변환을 위해 mapping table을 사용하는데, 일반적으로 mapping의 단위 크기가 클수록, storage 공간 활용도가 낮아, 성능이 저하되는 문제가 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 FTL에서 사용하는 mapping의 단위 크기 변화에 따른 SSD 성능 변화를 분석한다.
상악골절단술 후 외전신경마비를 동반한 경동맥 해면정맥동루
이원학,김동률,홍광진,이정구,Lee, Won-Hak,Kim, Dong-Ryul,Hong, Kwang-Jin,Lee, Jeong-Gu 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2
Carotid cavernous sinus fistula(CCSF) is an abnormal communication at the base of the skull between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Fistula is almost associated with extensive facial trauma as a result of direct or indirect forces. Most fistulas of traumatic origin develop as a result of fractures through the base of the skull, which cause the laceration of the internal carotid artery near the cavernous sinus. The signs and symptoms of CCSF are pulsating exophthalmosis, orbital headache, pain, orbital or frontal bruit, loss of visual acuity, diplopia and ophthalmoplegia. Angiography reveals a definite CCSF and a detachable balloon embolization is known to be the treatment of choice. Even though carotid cavernous sinus fistula is an uncommon complication after orthognathic surgery, several cases of CCSF due to congenital anomalies, pre-existing aneurysms and abnormally thickened maxillary posterior wall have been reported in the literature. We have experienced a case of CCSF after Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement in skeletal class III patient and the cause, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this case.
이명진,김동률,Lee, Myoung Jin,Kim, Dong Ryul 대한족부족관절학회 2016 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.20 No.1
We reported on a rare case of recurred macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the foot, and reviewed the literature. A 62-year-old male patient presented with right foot second toe pain; preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and radiograph examination was performed. After surgery the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was checked before and after surgery. Wide excision of the affected area including ray amputation is an effective way to prevent recurrence and relieve the pain after surgery. The 2nd toe ray amputation was performed in the treatment of recurred macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the foot, and is thought to be an effective way to relieve pain and prevent recurrence. After minimally invasive surgery with complete excision surgery, additional data on recurrence and pain relief rate are needed.
역행성 골수강 내 금속정을 이용한 경-거-종골 유합술의 술 후 결과
이명진,이영구,김동률,유정우,Lee, Myoung Jin,Lee, Young Koo,Kim, Dong Ryul,Yoo, Jung Woo 대한족부족관절학회 2015 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.19 No.4
Purpose: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis has been used as a treatment option for severe deformity including Charcot arthropathy, avascular necrosis of the talus, and severe osteoarthritis of the ankle and subtalar joint. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result of the surgical outcome of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary nail. Materials and Methods: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary nail was performed by one surgeon in 36 cases. Clinical and radiological finding was evaluated using assessment of fusion time, 5th metatarsal-tibial angle, possibility of postoperative complication, visual analogue scale for pain and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Results: Union was achieved in 33 cases at an average of 23 weeks (11~29 weeks). There were 3 cases of nonunion and 1 case of reoperation. Nail-tibial angle tended to be larger in nonunion cases. AOFAS score showed significantly poor outcome at malalignment (${\geq}5^{\circ}$), negative value of 5th metatarsal-tibial angle. Conclusion: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary nail is considered a useful treatment option for severe destruction and deformity involving ankle and subtalar joint.
자화수가 염류의 침전반응 및 석고의 가수 경화속도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
전상일(Jeon, Sang-Il),김동률(Kim, Dong-Ryul),이성현(Lee, Sung-Hyun),김동석(Kim, Dong-Suk),이석근(Lee, Suk-Keun) 대한화학회 2002 대한화학회지 Vol.46 No.1
자화수가 특이한 물리화학적 성질을 갖고 있음은 여러 학자들에 의하여 꾸준히 연구되어 왔는데, 아직도 자화수의 특성이 명확하게 설명되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 자화수가 염류들의 침전반응 및 석고의 가수 경화반응에 미치는 영향을 다음과 같이 관찰하였다. 항온조 내부에서 실시한 salt filter assay 방법으로 침전반응을 조사하였으며, 실온에서 석고의 가수 경화반응 시간을 Gillmore needle의 방법으로 측정함으로써 석고의 가수 경화 속도를 조사하였다. 0.1M 염 이온들을 반응시킨 염류의 침전 반응 결과, 의 침전 생성물의 양은 대조군의 증류수에 비하여 자화수에서 각각 약 3.6%, 3.8%, 4.4% 씩 증가되었으며, 석고의 최종 경화시간은 대조군의 증류수에 비하여 자화수에서 현저하게 감소되었으므로 자화수가 석고의 가수 경화속도를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 대조군의 증류수에 비하여 자화수는 물분자가 치밀하게 구조화되어서 수많은 cluster들을 형성함으로서 물분자 사이의 결합 및 반응력이 증가되며, 또는 같은 염류들에 대하여 특징적으로 반응해 침전반응 속도와 가수 경화 반응 속도가 증가된 것으로 추측된다. Although it has been known that the magnetized water shows different physicochemical properties, the exact nature of the magnetized water is not clearly elucidated yet. We have explored the effect of magnetized water in the precipitation of salts, i.e., , and in the hydration hardening of gypsum plaster. The amount of salt precipitation was measured by salt filter assay in water bath, and also the hydration hardening speed of gypsum plaster was measured by the Gillmore needle method at room temperature. When the salt ions were interacted with each other in 0.1 M concentration, the precipitation reactions of , and increased more in the magnetized water, about 3.6%, 3.8%, and 4.4%, respectively, than in the control water. And the hydration hardening speed of gypsum plaster increased more in the magnetized water than in the control water. These data suggest that the magnetized water, which is supposed to be organized by forming numerous nano/micro clusters, induces the increase of salt precipitation and also accelerates the hydration hardening speed of gypsum plaster.
글루코코르티코이드 투여 후 반복적으로 유발된 갈색세포종 위기
안지영 ( Jee Young An ),김동률 ( Dong Ryul Kim ),오종열 ( Jong Yeol Oh ),한양천 ( Yang Chun Han ),이일수 ( Il Soo Lee ),권태정 ( Tae Jung Kown ),최봉룡 ( Bong Ryong Choi ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.88 No.5
Pheochromocytoma crisis is a life-threatening endocrine emergency. Stimuli that can elicit a pheochromocytoma crisis include anesthesia, tumor manipulation, and several drugs. Rarely, glucocorticoids can induce a pheochromocytoma crisis. Here, we describe the case of a 65-year-old female who developed an adrenergic crisis with blood pressure fluctuations, dizziness, and seizures after receiving glucocorticoids for the treatment of urticaria. The symptoms led us to speculate that a pheochromocytoma was present. We confirmed the diagnosis based on abdominal imaging and biochemical studies. The patient’s symptoms improved after surgical removal of the pheochromocytoma. (Korean J Med 2015;88:564-569)
무수혈 환자에서 시행한 요추부 척추 유합술의 혈역학적 분석
김민우(Min-Woo Kim),이규열(Kyu Yeol Lee),김동률(Dong Ryul Kim),정영훈(Young Hoon Jung),임철순(Chul Soon Im) 대한정형외과학회 2016 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.51 No.4
목적: 무수혈 환자군을 대상으로 요추부 척추 유합술을 시행하여 혈역학적 변화를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 4월부터 2014년 3월까지 요추부 척추 유합술을 시행한 무수혈 환자 36명을 대상으로 수술 전 합성 에리트로 포이에틴을 사용하여 수술 전, 수술 직후, 수술 후 12시간, 1일, 2일, 3일, 7일째 혈색소와 적혈구 용적률을 측정하고 변화율을 조사하였으며, 혈색소 수치의 변화율에 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 결과: 혈색소와 적혈구 용적률의 술 전과 수술 7일째의 변화율은 각각 -18.11%, -22.92%였으며, 수술 2일째부터 회복되는 양상이었다. 환자의 나이, 성별, 체질량 지수, 실혈량, 수술 방법(추체간 유합술 유무)에 따른 혈색소 수치의 변화율은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 수술 시간 및 수술 범위는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론: 요추부 척추 유합술 시 수혈 대체 요법은 술 후 좋은 혈역학적 결과를 보이는 안전한 방법이라 생각되나 술 전 수술 시간 및 범위를 예측 고려해야 될 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Lumbar fusion surgery was performed on transfusion-free patients and hemodynamic changes were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 transfusion-free patients who had undergone lumbar fusion surgery using recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) before surgery from April 2007 to March 2014 were included in the study. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, 12 hours after surgery, on day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 7. Changes in levels were investigated and the factors affecting the changes in hemoglobin levels were analyzed. Results: Changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit were -18.11% before surgery and -22.92% on day 7, respectively, and they tended to recover from day 2 after surgery. Depending on the patient’s age, gender, body mass index, blood loss, and surgery method (presence of lumbar interbody fusion), the changes in hemoglobin level did not show statistically significant differences; however, significant differences were observed in the surgical time and extent of the operation. Conclusion: Transfusion alternatives during lumbar spinal fusion are deemed safe methods, leading to good, postoperative hemodynamic outcomes. However, the surgical time and extent of the operation must be determined before surgery.