제주4·3항쟁론과 자결권

이재승 ( Lee¸ Jaeseung ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2021 一鑑法學 Vol.- No.49

이 글의 목적은 주한미군정의 법령과 정책이 국제점령법과 자결권에 부합하는지를 밝힘으로써 4·3항쟁론을 보강하는 데에 있다. 이 글은 점령이 법적인 현상인 한에서 점령군과 점령지 주민 사이에 근본적인 대칭성이 존재해야 한다는 사고에서 출발한다. 연합국은 카이로선언(1943년)에서 일본과 한국을 분리하고 한국을 적절한 시기에 독립시키기로 공약하였다. 연합국의 한국점령은 보존주의 원칙에 의해 엄격하게 통제받는 전시점령과는 다른 변형적 점령으로 분류된다. 한편, 변형적 점령에서 점령국은 국제적으로 합의된 점령 목적에 따라 점령지의 정치경제적 기반을 광범위하게 개혁할 수 있다. 다른 한편, 식민지 해방 후 군사점령에서 점령지 주민에 의한 자유로운 정치제도의 형성을 지원할 신성한 신탁이 점령국에게 부과된다. 그런데 미국과 소련은 각자의 점령지역에서 정치적 평정을 단행하고 자국에게 우호적인 정부를 편향적으로 수립함으로써 이러한 신탁을 배반하였다. 이와 같은 배신행위를 문책할 적절한 국제법적 수단이 점령지 주민에게 존재하는지는 명확하지 않다. 점령정책을 통제할 법적 수단이 당시에 존재했다고 하더라도 그러한 장치는 한국 문제에 대해 실제로 작동하지 않았다. 더구나 통제장치로서 역할하리라고 기대된 국제연합은 냉전구도 속에서 미국과 소련의 현실정치를 기정사실로 수용함으로써 점령을 둘러싼 문제점들을 덮어버렸다. 나아가 2001년 헌법재판소는 제주4·3특별법의 시행에 즈음하여 4·3봉기 당시에 아직 정립되지 않은 자유민주적 기본질서와 대한민국의 정체성과 같은 기준을 소급적으로 투입함으로써 이러한 국제법적인 핵심쟁점을 회피하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 4·3봉기에 합당한 명분이 존재했다는 점을 현재적으로 확인하는 작업은 4·3항쟁을 둘러싼 법적 파행을 극복하는 데에 기여할 것이다. 이러한 규범적 파행은 이행기 정의의 시각에서만 적절하게 해결할 수 있기 때문이다. The aim of the article is to strengthen the 4·3 Resistance Thesis by establishing that the statutes and policies of the U.S. Armed Forces in Korea are not compatible with the International Occupation Law and the right of self-determination. This article starts with the idea that the principle of symmetry should dominate the relationship between the occupying forces and the population of the occupied territory as long as occupation is a legal phenomenon. In the Cairo Declaration(1943), the Allies pledged to separate Japan from Korea and to make Korea independent in due course. The Allied occupation of Korea was classified as a transformative occupation, distinguished from a belligerent occupation strictly controlled by the conservationist principle. On the one hand, the occupants should have the power to change widely the political and economic infrastructure of the occupied territories according to the internationally agreed-upon objective of occupation under the transformative occupation. On the other hand, the occupying forces should be given a sacred trust to support the population of the occupied territory to build freely the political institutions in the post-colonial military occupation. However, the United States and the Soviet Union violated the sacred trust by pacifying their political enemies and establishing the friendly governments in their respective occupied territories. It is unclear if legal remedies could be permitted to the population of the occupied territory in the international law in case that the occupying forces would betray this sacred trust and enforce a political order arbitrarily. Even if there would have been a legal mechanism to review the measures taken by occupying forces that infringed on the right to self-determination, such mechanism did not actually work for the problems of Korea. Moreover, the United Nations expected to operate as a mechanism of control skipped international-legal problems related to occupation policies by accepting the result of the Cold War real politics as a fait accompli. Futhermore, in 2001, the Constitutional Court evaded this international-legal issues around the time of enforcement of the Jeju 4·3 Special Act by retrospectively introducing standards such as ‘the free democratic basic order’ and ‘the identity of the Republic of Korea’ that had not been established before the outbreak of the 4·3 resistance. Nevertheless, the effort to confirm that there were appropriate grounds for the 4·3 resistance would also contribute to overcoming the legal ramifications surrounding the 4·3 resistance. This is because such normative disruptions could only be adequately bridged from the perspective of the transitional justice.

Poster Session:PS 0164 ; Diabetes : Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Refl ux Disease(GERD) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

( Chanwon Lee ),( Junouk Ha ),( Jayoung Park ),( Seongho Choi ),( Heeseung Park ),( Jaeseung Lee ),( Seungheon Lee ),( Younghwan Lee ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: To investigate the relationship between markers of overall glucose exposure, postprandial glucose excursions and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Sixty three patients with T2DM (mean age of 56 years) were enrolled, and all wore a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for 72 hours. We investigated the interrelationships between markers of overall glucose exposure, markers of postprandial glucose excursions and glycemic variability parameters from a CGMS. Results: Spearman`s correlation analysis revealed a signifi cant correlation between all markers of overall glucose exposure and various parameters related to glucose excursion. Percent coeffi cient of variation (CV) showed the strongest correlation with the GA (r = 0.470, p < 0.01). In participants with HbA1c levels < 7.5% (n = 33), almost all of glycemic markers and glycemic variability parameters were signifi cantly correlated with each other. All postprandial glucose excursion parameters also showed signifi cant correlation with other glycemic markers. In participants with HbA1c levels < 7.5% (n = 33), all markers of overall glucose exposure showed signifi cant interrelationships with mean glucose, postprandial glucose excursion and glycemic variability parameters (except CV). However, in participants with HbA1c levels = 7.5% (n = 30), postprandial glucose excursion and glycemic variability parameters were not related with any chronic glycemic marker. Conclusions: The postprandial glucose excursions may explain the glycemic variability and the total glucose exposures in well-controlled diabetic participants.

Statistical Techniques based Computer-aided Diagnosis (CAD) using Texture Feature Analysis: Applied of Cerebral Infarction in Computed Tomography (CT) Images

Jaeseung Lee,Inchul Im,Yunsik Yu,Hyonghu Park,Byungjoon Kwak 대한의생명과학회 2012 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.18 No.4

The brain is the body"s most organized and controlled organ, and it governs various psychological and mental functions. A brain abnormality could greatly affect one"s physical and mental abilities, and consequently one"s social life. Brain disorders can be broadly categorized into three main afflictions: stroke, brain tumor, and dementia. Among these, stroke is a common disease that occurs owing to a disorder in blood flow, and it is accompanied by a sudden loss of consciousness and motor paralysis. The main types of strokes are infarction and hemorrhage. The exact diagnosis and early treatment of an infarction are very important for the patient"s prognosis and for the determination of the treatment direction. In this study, texture features were analyzed in order to develop a prototype auto-diagnostic system for infarction using computer auto-diagnostic software. The analysis results indicate that of the six parameters measured, the average brightness, average contrast, flatness, and uniformity show a high cognition rate whereas the degree of skewness and entropy show a low cognition rate. On the basis of these results, it was suggested that a digital CT image obtained using the computer auto-diagnostic software can be used to provide valuable information for general CT image auto-detection and diagnosis for pre-reading. This system is highly advantageous because it can achieve early diagnosis of the disease and it can be used as supplementary data in image reading. Further, it is expected to enable accurate medical image detection and reduced diagnostic time in final-reading.

Optical Fiber Communication

JaeSeung Lee(이재승) 한국통신학회 2002 한국통신학회 워크샵 Vol.2002 No.10

세월호 참사와 피해자의 인권

이재승 ( Jaeseung Lee ) 민주주의법학연구회 2016 민주법학 Vol.0 No.60

This essay approaches the sinking of the Sewolho ferry from the lens of criminology of state crimes and victims` rights. State crimes refer to state-corporate or state-societal crimes of the state from the viewpoint of political economy or political sociology. State crimes manifest themselves in multiple dimensions, since political, economic and social powers are interrelated. I define the sinking of Sewolho as a state crime in three stages. First, regarding the structural causes of the tragedy, policies reflecting neoliberal deregulation at the expense of safety and security brought about organized omission both at the corporate and government dimensions. At the structural level, state crimes appear most frequently as state-corporate crimes or crimes of policy. Second, putting aside the Ferry Captain`s inexplicable failure of duty, there is undoubtedly a state crime of omission or neglect at the rescue stage, for the marine police system completely failed to save the passengers. Nonetheless, the Commander of 123 Patrol Ship was the only public official tried in criminal court for failure to rescue. Third, in post-tragedy stage, the tactical behaviors of the government such as blaming victims, downplaying state responsibility and aggravating the ``Sewolho Fatigue`` could be termed a ``after-the-fact State Crime.`` In addition, I analyze victims` rights and give comments on the Special Acts on Sewolho in light of U.S Criminal Victims` Rights Act, the van Boven-Bassiouni principle, and the updated set of principles to combat impunity. I suggest the right to case with the result that victims should have the right not to be isolated or excluded from the conflict resolution process in general. This is the concept of strategic positioning which aims at protecting the victims` involvement in truth-finding, criminal/civil procedures, and subsequent restorative measures in the aftermath. Furthermore, I explain the victims` right to truth, their right to justice, and their right to reparation. The Sewolho Special Commission of Inquiry should establish new state practices by affirming the victims` rights during the conflict resolution process and the process of building a vision for a safe society.

현대 사회의 종격사주(從格四柱)에 대한 고찰

이재승 ( Lee Jaeseung ) 아시아문화학술원 2018 인문사회 21 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구는 사주명조(四柱命造) 내에서 왕성한 오행의 기운을 따르는 종격(從格)사주를 고찰하여 종격이나 종격과 유사한 사주를 가진 현대인에 대해 명리·성명학적으로 올바른 판별과 적용이 이루어 질 수 있게 하는 데 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구 목적의 달성을 위해 우선 명리 고전(古典)의 종격이론을 살피고 이어서 종격 성립에 영향을 미치는 합충(合沖)이론을 개괄하였다. 명리 고전의 종격이론이 원론적인 이유로 인해 다양한 사주들에 대한 세밀한 원칙과 기준을 적용하기가 어려운 점이 있으므로 이 문제를 개선하기 위해 종격사주 판별의 8대 원칙을 제안하고 이어서 종격사주의 현대적 적용 시, 유의점에 대해 고찰하였다. 현대사회에서 명리·성명학이 신뢰받는 학문이 될 수 있도록 앞으로 종격에 대한 연구도 지속되어야 한다. This study intends to examine the adaptive case of saju which follows the vigorous energy of the Five Elements within saju and enable correct identification and application of the modern people with the adaptive case of saju or similar saju in terms of Myeongli science· naming studies. To achieve the goal, this study primarily examined the theory of adaptive case in the classics on Myeongli science and summarized the theory of harmony and disharmony which has impact on the establishment of the adaptive case. For the theory of adaptive case in the classics on Myeongli science is theoretical, it is difficult to apply detailed rules and standards on various fortunes. To resolve this problem, this study proposed the eight principles for distinguishing the adaptive case of fortune and examined precautions to take in applying the adaptive case of fortune in modern ways. Studies on adaptability case shall be continued so that Myeongli science and naming studies earn trust in the modern society.

기상 데이터 불균형 문제를 고려한 CTGAN 오버샘플링 기반의 태양광 발전량 예측 기법

이재승(Jaeseung Lee),문재욱(Jaeuk Moon),박성우(Sungwoo Park),황인준(Eenjun Hwang) 한국정보과학회 2022 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.12

특집 : 식민주의와 과거극복의 정치

이재승 ( Jaeseung Lee ) 법과사회이론학회 2015 법과 사회 Vol.0 No.49

저자는 식민지 잔혹행위를 청산하는 법리와 정치를 검토하였다. 역사의 과잉은 현재를 붕괴시키지만 청산되지 않는 과거는 미래까지 오염시킨다. 심각한 인권침해는 시간의 압제에도 불구하고 기억의 투쟁을 통해 정치화되기 마련이다. 한일양국의 관계에서 식민지 잔혹행위들은 여전히 청산되지 않고 있다. 저자는 우선적으로 권리구제수단으로서 사죄의 의의를 검토하였다. 국가원수의 사죄가 일정한 회복적 조치를 포함한다면 피해자의 용서를 촉진하고 신뢰관계를 두텁게 만든다. 이에 비추어보면, 일본총리들의 야스쿠니 신사 참배는 정반대로 침략과 학살을 호도하는 부인의 정치 행태이다. 저자는 제2차세계대전 이후 연합국이 동경재판을 통해 관철시킨 국제인도법도 일본현대사에서 유의미한 규범적 파급작용을 형성하지 못했음을 지적하였다. 다음으로, 저자는 식민지 잔혹행위의 청산을 위해 이타가키 류타가 제안한 법적프레임으로서 식민지배책임을 검토하였다. 식민지배책임은 강제동원이나 위안부동원 문제를 해결하는 논리로서는 적합하지만 주권회복운동(3.1운동, 의병활동, 독립운동)과 연관된 학살에 대해서는 약점을 가지고 있다고 지적하였다. 오히려 식민화의 범죄와 식민체제의 범죄를 구분하고, 주권회복운동의 관여자에 대한 잔혹행위는 식민화의 범죄와 연결시켜 보완하는 것이 옳다고 제안하였다. 마지막으로, 저자는 박유하 교수의 〈제국의 위안부〉에 나타난 식민지 법제에 대한 합법주의적 이해방식을 비판하였다. 저자는 일제의 이원적 법질서와 조선에서의 차별적인 동원구조를 제시하고, 강제동원이나 위안부연행과 같은 식민지 잔혹행위에 대해서는 뉘른베르크 원칙이 적용될 수밖에 없다는 점을 지적하였다. The author reviewed the jurisprudence and politics of coming to terms with the colonial atrocities. As the overburden of history threatens to destruct the present, so the excess of the unpurged pasts casts a dark shadow over the future. The serious human rights violations are of necessity to be politicized through power of collective memory, and historicized through and after the restoration and appropriate redress for victims. A public apology is treated as one of the remedies for guarantee of non-occurrence of human rights violations in the international humanitarian law. The Koreans also have regarded apology as the fundamental premise for the restoration of the relation between Korea and Japan. A sincere apology contributes to alleviating the resentment of colonial atrocities victims and promoting the mutual reconciliation, so long as it accompanies a series of restorative measures. From the perspective of politics of apology, Abe``s bow to Yaskuni shrine is deemed as one of the worst provocative actions that denies crime of aggression, war crimes and colonial atrocities by the Japanese Imperial Army. Japanese historian Itagaki Ruta suggested ‘the responsibility(guilt) for colonial dominance’ as conceptual framework for holding responsibility for Japanese colonial atrocities. The author indicated the logical inconclusiveness of the concept and differentiated the crime of colonization from the crime of colonial atrocities. Independence activists massacres are not classified as crime of the colonial atrocities, but is essentially linked to the crime of colonization. Further, the author pointed out basic drawbacks of the colonial legal perspective presented in ‘Ianfu for the Empire’ by prof. Park. The author suggested that the Japanese Empire put the colony Korea in the situation of exception and mobilized the Korean women through the discriminatory colonial legal system based upon the dual structure of colonial dominance.

스마트홈 환경에서 무인증서 기반 디바이스 인증 기법

이재승 ( Jaeseung Lee ),석상기 ( Sangkee Suk ),전문석 ( Moon-soeg Jun ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.24 No.1

최근 무선 통신 기술과 센서 디바이스들의 발달로 인터넷을 기반으로 모든 사물을 연결하여 사람과 사물, 사물과 사물 간의 정보를 상호 소통 가능한 센서 기반 IoT 환경이 다양한 분야에 활용되고 있다. 이러한 사물인터넷 환경은 지능형 서비스를 위해 다양하고 방대한 양의 디바이스 정보를 수집하며, 사용자 정보를 기반으로 서비스를 제공받고 디바이스를 제어해야 하며, 이기종 간의 디바이스를 활용함으로 올바른 표준을 기반으로 통신이 이루어져야 한다. 하지만, 사물인터넷 환경에서의 기존 연구나 표준 정의를 살펴보면, 현재 IoT 서비스에서는 이미 취약점이 들어난 커버로스 및 센서 노드의 수를 고려하지 않은 PKI 기반 보안 기술이 활용되고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 안전한 디바이스 인증을 위한 무인증서 기반 상호 인증 기법을 제안한다.

Size estimation of nanoparticle using diffused laser scattering in Mie regime

Im Jaeseung,Kim Minwoo,Lee Geunsung,Lee Sanghyun,Choi Soobong 한국물리학회 2023 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.82 No.5

Inspection of the nano-sized defects on the wafer surface has become critical for the entire yield of overall semiconductor fabrication process. It requires non-destructive and rapid examination of large area to gratify the expectations. The use of laser scattering could be an easy clue because light scattering occurs beyond the difraction limit. However, the laser speckle pattern disturbs the observer. Thus, we developed difused laser scattering dark feld microscopy to take advantages of high intensity and low coherence of light to obtain better scattering response. The scattering response and its relative luminance enable us to estimate the size of nanoparticles. Our work could be utilized for in situ fabrication expecting aforementioned the requirements.