혈중 CRP농도와 심박수 회복률 및 비만지표의 관련성

최자영,고진호,김기진 한국스포츠리서치 2007 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.18 No.2

중국 연변지역 대학생들의 체중조절인식과 식습관, 건강관련생활 습관, 영양지식에 관한 연구

최자영,조미숙 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2011 No.10

Optimization of the Contrast Mixture Ratio for Simultaneous Direct MR and CT Arthrography: an in Vitro Study

최자영,강흥식,홍성환,이준우,김나라,전우선,문승규,최정아 대한영상의학회 2008 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.9 No.6

Objective: This study was designed to determine the optimal mixture ratio of gadolinium and iodinated contrast agent for simultaneous direct MR arthrography and CT arthrography. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was performed utilizing mixtures of gadolinium at six different concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20 mmol/L) and iodinated contrast agent at seven different concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 75 and 92-99.9%). These mixtures were placed in tissue culture plates, and were then imaged with CT and MR (with T1-weighted sequences, proton-density sequences and T2-weighted sequences). CT numbers and signal intensities were measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess the correlations between the gadolinium/iodinated contrast agent mixtures and the CT numbers/MR signal intensities. Scatter diagrams were plotted for all gadolinium/iodinated contrast agent combinations and two radiologists in consensus identified the mixtures that yielded the optimal CT numbers and MR signal intensities. Results: The CT numbers showed significant correlation with iodinated contrast concentrations (r = 0.976, p < 0.001), whereas the signal intensities as measured on MR images showed a significant correlation with both gadolinium and iodinated contrast agent concentrations (r = -484 to -0.719, p < 0.001). A review of the CT and MR images, graphs, and scatter diagram of 42 combinations of the contrast agent showed that a concentration of 1.25 mmol/L gadolinium and 25% iodinated contrast agent was the best combination for simultaneous CT and MR imaging. Conclusion: A mixture of 1.25 mmol/L gadolinium and 25% iodinated contrast agent was found to be optimal for simultaneous direct MR arthrography and CT arthrography. Objective: This study was designed to determine the optimal mixture ratio of gadolinium and iodinated contrast agent for simultaneous direct MR arthrography and CT arthrography. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was performed utilizing mixtures of gadolinium at six different concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20 mmol/L) and iodinated contrast agent at seven different concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 75 and 92-99.9%). These mixtures were placed in tissue culture plates, and were then imaged with CT and MR (with T1-weighted sequences, proton-density sequences and T2-weighted sequences). CT numbers and signal intensities were measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess the correlations between the gadolinium/iodinated contrast agent mixtures and the CT numbers/MR signal intensities. Scatter diagrams were plotted for all gadolinium/iodinated contrast agent combinations and two radiologists in consensus identified the mixtures that yielded the optimal CT numbers and MR signal intensities. Results: The CT numbers showed significant correlation with iodinated contrast concentrations (r = 0.976, p < 0.001), whereas the signal intensities as measured on MR images showed a significant correlation with both gadolinium and iodinated contrast agent concentrations (r = -484 to -0.719, p < 0.001). A review of the CT and MR images, graphs, and scatter diagram of 42 combinations of the contrast agent showed that a concentration of 1.25 mmol/L gadolinium and 25% iodinated contrast agent was the best combination for simultaneous CT and MR imaging. Conclusion: A mixture of 1.25 mmol/L gadolinium and 25% iodinated contrast agent was found to be optimal for simultaneous direct MR arthrography and CT arthrography.

Change in Pulmonary Function after Incentive Spirometer Exercise in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study

최자영,나동욱,박은숙 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of incentive spirometer exercise (ISE) on pulmonary function and maximalphonation time (MPT) in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Materials and Methods: Fifty children with CP were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Both groups underwent comprehensive rehabilitation therapy. The experimental group underwent additional ISE. The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and MPT were assessed as outcome measures before and after 4 weeks of training. Results: There were significant improvements in FVC, FEV1, PEF, and MPT in the experimental group, but not in the control group. In addition, the improvements in FVC, FEV1, and MPT were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this randomized controlled study support the use of ISE for enhancing pulmonary function and breath control for speech production in children with CP.

유재원 교수의 『데모크라티아 - 정치를 발명한 그리스에 묻다』 (한겨례출판, 2017, 348쪽)

최자영 한국서양고대역사문화학회 ( 구 한국서양고대사학회 ) 2017 서양고대사연구 Vol.50 No.-

유럽연합 내 그리스와 중동부 유럽의 지역발전 방향에 대한 소고

최자영 부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 2009 지중해지역연구 Vol.11 No.3

From initial state, European Community (European Union) made effort to reduce regional inequality and to get over the retardation of less deveolped countries. In case of Greece, since the 1990’s the close cooperation between the Greek government and the Community Support Frameworks[CSF) of European Community has proved the intensification of regional innovation and the improvement of enterprise management, based on the joint ownership and dissemination of technology and information. However, the items enforced by European Community on the one hand, and the Innovative politics downwards from the central government of Greece on the other hand, used to form a cause of discord between the central and the local governments, not making much account of regional particulars. And, inspite the efforts for innovation, a small scale of companies and research institutes disturbed the self development and mutual transfer of technology. Meanwhile, remarkable Regional Innovation Strategy(RIS) of Greece set up with the Regional Technology Plan(RTP) of Macedonia in 1995. And the example of Macedonia was followed resulting in 11 projects of RIS and RITTS(Regional Innovation and Technology Transfer Strategy), regionally balanced and spread over various regions of Greece. On the other hand, close relation with European Community had an effect not only on economic but political phases. The development of regional self-government system of Greece came into effect in the decade of 1990’s, when the relation between European Community and Greece intensified. Then, since the decade of 1990’s European Community furnished transitional fund to the Central and Eastern Countries, who were not then it’s members yet, for preparing to enter European Community. The regional unbalance, however, got intensified in the majority of the 10 countries who got the benefits of transitional fund. In partiuclar, the more the role of market increased, the more regional inequality deepened. Futhermore, it seems that in future European Community would give much more weight on promoting economic integration of the European Union than reducing regional inequality upon traditional strategy. Answering to these tendencies, members of European Community in Central and Eastern Countries strive not only for economic integration with the world of European Community by means of technology Innovation and intensifing interaction between enterprises, but also seek after organizational, institutional reformation. The point calling attention here is that, in less developed countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the politics attracting foreigner’s investment, which is properly to accelerate the economic integration into European Community, should be carried out keeping consideration for the existed industry structure as well as regional balance. Especially in retarded regions, the effort for realizing regional balance used to be closely connected with reducing the social gap between the rich and the poor. Actually, however, it is not an easy job to harmonize between the politics for the sectorial development in industry and the regional development in balance. The horizontal, sectorial support and intensification of market economy, which seek after competitiveness and profit, tended to increase social inequality, intensifing the social disparity between the rich and the poor as well as the regional concentration of industry. Then, the effort to exploit potential capacities of less developed regions accommodating the integrated economic structure of European Union should be assumed in every aspect by cooperation of the three authorities, that is, region, state, and European Union. Furthermore, the development of market economy is inevitably coupled with the accomodation of much more liberal political structure of Western Europe, so as to call for revision of traditional political structure of socialism in Central and Eastern Europe, resulting in a fine prospect of economic...

고대 아테네 사회신분의 불명확성 및 중첩성

최자영 한국서양고대역사문화학회 ( 구 한국서양고대사학회 ) 2003 서양고대사연구 Vol.10 No.-

M.I. Finley insists that the more advanced the Greek city-state, the more it will be found to have had true slavery rather that 'hybrid' types like helotage. That is, more bluntly put, the cities in which individual freedom reached its highest expression - most obviously Athens - were cities in which chattel slavery flourished. According to him, even when the crisis turned into civil war and revolution, slavery remained unchallenged. And, all through Greek history, the demand was 'Cancel debts and redistribute land,' and there was no protest from the free poor, not even in the deepest crisis, against slave competition. Finley says again that there are no complaints - as there might well have been - that slaves deprive free men of a livelihood, or compel free men to work for lower wages and longer hours. Finley's view makes the point on the assumption that there was a kind of clear division between freedom and slavery. In my view, however, it is difficult clearly to divide between them, as the concept of freedom as well as slavery exposes itself to diverse deviation. To comprehend the social status of the polis, first of all, we can set up two categories of dividing social status between public and private relations. In Sparta where the public restriction was somewhat intense, the public law prevailed over the private. The main social casses were divided according to social function. The group of warriors were citizens, and the farmers were non-citizen subordinates. In Athens, however, where the enslavement of human body by debt was in principal prohibited by Solon, much more weight was given to the private order than the public. The public and political power had relatively less influence to privated economic activity. In Athens, the public status is made on the basis of private relations. It is different, however, which among various social elements was preferred. For example, in the age of Solon, the beginning of 6the C. B.C. the rights and duties of citizens are distributed to the degree of wealth, but the citizen law Pericles in the midst of 4th C. B.C changed it to birth. As the criteria of citizenship are changeable, and the social status is often dualistic and ambiguous, the dispute was not so sparse. The citizen law itself does not assure the application in reality. It would be wrong to regard the law itself as the real situation. Thus, the foreigner with wealth might hehave like a citizen, while, by contrast, the poor citizen could be suspected as a foreigner. Furthermore, there were not only complete citizenship, but incomplete on like alien residents and citizen's children. The division between free men and various kinds of subordinates is often ambiguous and indefinite. The concepts of doulos and oiketes include the entire scope from free man to the extreme form of slave who is not free to a high degree. Even the free man might temporarily have the status of subordinate. When anyone, even if he is in subordination, concerned another social status at the same time and could very likely be reinstalled in his former position, it is difficult to regard him just as a slave. We can definitely say as slave a person who has much less such kind of possibility. The doulos and oiketes in Athens now and then might not be definate social classes but concerned just some kind of duty to a definite subject of rights, and not to society in general. In this case the relation of two subjects does not transfer to the third party. These are different from the helots of Sparta who belong to a community of public status. As each doulos of Athens belongs to his private master and his degree of subjectivity and personal social situation was not identical, mutual cooperation between them for unified resistence was not posible. This is different from the helots who united to rise in revolt. In Athens, the aquisition of freedom could be acquired by diverse private liberation, as well as overall social settlement of cancelation of debts and redistribution of land which could provide means of livelihood. The cancelation of debts and redistribution of land were directed to a same purpose of social equality with the revolt of the helots, even if the reformation processes was not the same.

소셜네트워크(SNS)에서 제품 추천의 사회적 거리에 따른 설득력과 제품평가 분석

최자영,김용범 한국소비자·광고심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 소비자·광고 Vol.13 No.4

Consumers share their opinions about products and sometimes show positive reactions to messages about products and brands by clicking “retweet” on Twitter or “like” and “share” on Facebook. In SNS, receivers feel a social distance because they are able to search for the senders' profile. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of social distance in SNS messages on message responses and the moderating role of regulatory focus and the need for uniqueness of products. In other words, this study was performed to examine how regulatory focus and the need for uniqueness of products affect persuasion and evaluation toward products presented with SNS messages showing either proximal or distal social distance. The results show that prevention focus oriented consumers think that the message is more persuasive and have a more favorable evaluation than promotion focus oriented consumers when the social distance of the message is proximal. On the contrary, promotion focus oriented consumers think that the message is more persuasive and have a more favorable evaluation than prevention focus consumers when the social distance of the message is distal. Furthermore, in case of distal social distance, there are no significant differences in the persuasion, product evaluation or purchase intention between the level of the need for uniqueness of products. However, in case of proximal social distance, consumers think that the recommendation of the lower level of the need for uniqueness of products is more persuasive and has a more favorable evaluation and higher purchase intention than the recommendation of the higher level of the need for uniqueness of products. Based on the findings, the theoretical and managerial implication has been discussed. SNS(Social Network Service)를 통해 소비자들은 제품에 대한 자신들의 의견을 게시하고 때로는 기업에서 제공하는 제품이나 이벤트에 관한 메시지에 대해 긍정적인 반응(트위터의 ‘리트윗’, 페이스북의 ‘좋아요’, ‘공유하기’)을 보이면서 구전을 확산시키고 있다. 이런 SNS에서 정보 수신자는 자연스럽게 정보 제공자의 프로필을 파악할 수 있기 때문에 정보 제공자에 대한 유사성이나 친밀함의 정도 즉, 사회적 거리를 느낄 수 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 SNS메시지에서의 사회적 거리에 따라 메시지에 대한 소비자의 반응이 어떻게 달라지며, 메시지 반응에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 조절변수로 조절초점과 제품의 독특성 수준을 고려하여 그 차이를 분석하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 가지고 두 개의 실험을 진행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적 거리가 가까운 조건에서는 향상초점 참가자보다 예방초점 참가자가 SNS메시지를 더 설득력 있게 지각하였으며, 추천된 제품에 대해 더 호의적인 평가를 한 반면, 사회적 거리가 먼 조건에서는 예방초점 참가자보다 향상초점 참가자가 메시지를 더 설득력 있게 지각하였으며, 더 호의적으로 제품을 평가하였다. 둘째, SNS메시지의 사회적 거리가 먼 경우에는 추천되는 제품의 독특성 수준에 따라 메시지 설득력이나 제품 태도, 구매의도가 달라지지 않은 반면, 사회적 거리가 가까운 경우에는 독특성 욕구가 높은 제품을 추천한 메시지보다 독특성 욕구가 낮은 제품을 추천한 메시지를 더 설득력 있게 지각하였고, 더 호의적인 제품 태도와 높은 구매의도를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이론적 및 실무적인 시사점과 향후의 연구 방향에 대하여 제언하였다.

소비자 정보탐색 및 구매 단계에서 멀티채널(Multichannel) 선택 행동에 관한 연구

최자영 한국소비자학회 2004 소비자학연구 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구는 소비자의 정보탐색과 구매단계에서 온/오프라인 채널 선택 행동 방식을 유형화하고, 이러한 채널선택 행동을 쇼핑성향, 온라인 쇼핑에 대한 태도, 인구통계학적 변수들을 고려하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 채널 선택 행동을 단일 오프라인 채널, 단일 온라인 채널, 멀티채널 오프라인, 멀티채널 온라인 구매자의 4가지로 유형화하고, 독립변수들의 영향력을 파악하기 위해 다항로짓(Multinomial legit analysis)을 통하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 카 채널선택 행동의 차이점을 가장 영향력 있게 설명하는 변수는 인구통계학적 특성인 연령, 소득수준, 교육수준으로 나타났다. 또한 단일 오프라인 채널 이용자와 멀티채널 이용자간에 가장 많은 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 소매 유통 비즈니스에서 온/오프라인 멀티채널 융합 형태의 접근이 중요하게 고려할 필요성이 높음을 시사한다. This study presents a conceptual framework of multichannel choice behavior that can be predicted by shopping orientations, attitude toward online shopping, and demographics. I test the properties of this model through a multinomial logit analysis of the determinants of multichannel choice behavior using a series of demographics, shopping orientations, and attitude toward online shopping. The results show that the strongest factors affecting each type of multichannel choice behavior are age, income, and education level. The largest differences exist between single-channel offline purchasers and multichannel offline purchasers who search for information online but purchase at offline store. This study suggests that multichannel retailing approach should be considered in the retailing business sector.

외식 소비자들의 에스닉 레스토랑 선택속성과 만족에 관한 연구

최자영,조미숙 한국외식경영학회 2010 외식경영연구 Vol.13 No.2

This study aims at investigating ethnic restaurant selection attributes and effect of those attributes on customer satisfaction. To achieve the objective, a questionnaire examining the selection attributes of the ethnic restaurants were developed. Ethnic restaurant selections were extracted into 5 factors: Ethnic food attribute(Factor 1),employee service(Factor 2), taste of food and hygiene safety(Factor 3), food for good health(Factor4). and design of food and atmosphere of the restaurant(Factor 5). Some of the ethnic restaurant selection attributes turned out to have impacts on customer satisfaction of the Vietnam , Indian and Thai restaurant but to have no impacts on Mexican restaurant. In terms of management, the study suggests that using ethnic restaurant selection attributes need to be applied for each ethnic restaurant business to predict people’s satisfaction. Practical attempts to study consumer behavior is needed to better understanding customers of the ethnic restaurants.