싱가포르 2018: 4세대 리더십 전환 예고와 집권당의 도전과제

최인아 한국동남아학회 2019 동남아시아연구 Vol.29 No.1

At the end of 2018, the People’s Action Party(PAP) appointed Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat as the party’s first assistant secretary-general, hinting that he will succeed PM Lee Hsein Loong in the coming years. The party renewal has been also made as fourth generation leaders took a stronger hold of the party’s highest ruling body. The leadership renewal in 2018 put an end to uncertainty over who will lead the country after PM Lee, but concerns about leadership transition have not entirely abated. Minister Heng will take over the reins of leadership from his predecessor with the shortest preparation period in Singapore’s history. It also remains to be seen whether the fourth generation leaders are ready to address uneasy challenges for Singapore and the party itself. In 2018, the PAP faced uncomfortable issues that may undermine its political legitimacy. Given the uncertainty of the global economy, it is uncertain if Singapore can sustain growth. The PAP is also under pressure to address public grievances over rising inequality. The aging population requires more public spending for the elderly. The prickly relationship with Mahatir-led Malaysia threatens water security and triggered maritime dispute.Singaporeans have given up certain civil liberties in exchange for security, economic prosperity and better quality of life. Since this social compact has weakened over the past 20 years, the failure to address those challenges above will further shake the legitimacy of the ruling party. The next general election will be a test for both the fourth generation leaders and the legitimacy of the PAP. 2018년 인민행동당(PAP)은 헹 스위 킷(Heng Swee Keat) 재무부 장관을 차기 총리로 지명하고 4세대 리더십을 향한 전환점을 마련했다. 후계 구도 확정으로 정치적 불확실성은 해소되었지만 차기 지도부에 대한 의문이 완벽히 해소된 것은 아니다. 헹 장관은 싱가포르 역사상 가장 짧은 준비 기간을 거쳐 총리직에 올라야 하며, 4세대 지도부의 대부분이 40대의 젊은 인사들로 구성되어 있다. 인민행동당의 정치적 정당성이 약화되고 있는 상황에서 헹 장관을 비롯한 4세대 지도부는 자신들이 선대 지도부들에 버금가는 정치적 리더십과 능력이 있음을 증명해야 한다. 2018년 인민행동당은 자신들의 정치적 정당성에 영향을 미칠 여러 도전과제에 직면하였다. 글로벌 경제의 불확실성 속에서 경제 성장을 지속해야 하며, 심각한 사회 이슈로 공론화된 불평등 문제를 해결해야 한다. 고령층과 저소득층을 지원할 복지 재원 마련도 시급하다. 북미 정상회담 개최와 아세안 의장국 수행은 싱가포르의 국제적 위상을 제고시켰지만, 마하티르 모하마드(Mahathir Mohamad) 말레이시아 총리의 재집권 이후 악화된 양국 관계를 풀어나가야 한다. 온라인상의 정책 토론이 활발해지고 있는 시점에서 허위 사실 유포 방지법 도입과 정부 비판에 대한 강경 대응은 집권당의 정치적 정당성을 더욱 약화시킬 수 있다. 리셴룽 총리는 조기 총선 실시 가능성을 시사했으며, 차기 총선은 4세대 지도부에 대한 국민들의 신임과 더불어 인민행동당의 정치적 정당성을 재평가하는 시험대가 될 전망이다.

아세안 주요국의 IPEF 참여 배경과 전망

최인아,이재호,신민금,박나연,김제국 대외경제정책연구원 2022 KIEP 세계경제 포커스 Vol.22 No.21

북한이탈청소년의 문화변용유형의 결정요인: 개인적 특성, 가족요인, 친구요인을 중심으로

최인아,이소연 한국청소년정책연구원 2023 한국청소년연구 Vol.34 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of personal and social factors on acculturation types among North Korean adolescent defectors. The subjects consisted of one hundred twenty-nine 13- to 24–year-old North Korean Adolescent Defectors. The collected data were analyzed by means of multinomial logistic regression analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the country of birth (North Korea or China) was a significant predictor of acculturation types. North Korea-born youths were more likely than China-born youths to be in the assimilation type compared to the integration, separation, and the marginalization type. Second, family types and family cohesion were significant predictors of acculturation types. Specifically, higher degrees of family cohesion significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the integration type compared to the separation and marginalization types. It also increased the likelihood of belonging to the assimilation type compared to the marginalization type. Third, higher perceived levels of social support from heritage culture friends significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the integration, assimilation, separation types compared to the marginalization type. On the other hand, higher perceived social support from South Korean friends was found to significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the integration and assimilation types compared to the separation and marginalization types. 본 연구의 목적은 탈북청소년의 문화변용유형에 영향을 미치는 개인적 특성 및 관계적 요인을 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 만 13세 이상 24세 이하의 탈북청소년 129명의 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 탈북청소년의 문화변용유형은 주변화(30.2%), 동화(26.4%), 분리(25.6%), 통합(17.8%)순으로 나타났다. 추가적으로, 문화변용유형에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석한 결과, 개인적 특성 중에는 출생국이 문화변용유형에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 북한출생 탈북청소년은 중국출생 탈북청소년과 비교해 다른 유형보다는 동화유형에 속할 가능성이 컸는데, 북한출생의 경우 동화, 주변화, 통합, 분리유형 순으로, 중국출생의 경우 분리, 주변화, 통합, 동화유형 순으로 나타났다. 가족요인으로는 가족유형과 가족응집성이 문화변용유형에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 가족응집성이 높을수록 분리형이나 주변화형보다 통합형에 그리고 주변화형보다 동화형에 속할 가능성이 컸다. 친구요인으로는 양문화 공동체의 친구지지 모두 문화변용 유형에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 원문화집단으로부터의 지각된 친구지지 수준이 높을수록 주변화형 보다는 통합형, 동화형, 분리형에 그리고 남한친구로부터의 지각된 친구지지 수준이 높을수록 분리형이나 주변화형 보다는 통합형이나 동화형에 속할 가능성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 본 연구는 문화변용유형에 영향을 미치는 개인적・관계적 요인을 다각적으로 규명하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

시각장애 중등부학생의 영어학습에 관한 신념 연구

최인아,이해균 한국시각장애교육&재활학회 2010 시각장애연구 Vol.26 No.3

In general, beliefs perform an important role in learning English. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate beliefs about learning English for students with visual impairment in secondary school and to make a comparative analysis by gender, grades, the degree of disability and the onset of visual impairment. A total of 207 students with visual impairment participated in this study. This study was executed by a questionnaire consisting of 32 questions based on Horwitz's(1987) BALLI(Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory). The results of this study are as follows :First, high school students had stronger beliefs than middle school students in the aptitude for learning English. Second, there were no remarkable differences of beliefs in the nature of learning English among all groups. Third, students with blindness had stronger beliefs than students with low vision in the strategies of learning English and communication. Fourth, there were no remarkable differences of beliefs in the motivations and expectations among all groups. Fifth, students with congenital visual impairment had stronger beliefs than students with acquired visual impairment in the difficulties of learning English. In conclusion, the results of this study would be good foundation to improve efficiency of learning English and to find a method to make students with visual impairment study English more successfully. 본 연구는 시각장애 중등부학생이 가진 영어학습에 대한 신념을 알아보고, 이를 성별, 학교급별, 시각장애 정도별, 시각장애 발생시기별로 비교분석해 보기 위한 것으로써, 전국의 시각장애 중고등학교 학생 207명을 그 대상으로 BALLI를 통한 설문을 실시하였다. 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시각장애 중등부학생의 영어학습 적성에 대한 신념은 고등부 시각장애학생이 중학부 시각장애학생보다 높다. 둘째, 시각장애 중등부학생의 영어학습 본질에 대한 신념은 성별, 학교급별, 시각장애 정도별, 시각장애 발생시기별로 차이가 없다. 셋째, 시각장애 중등부학생의 영어학습 및 의사소통전략에 대한 신념은 맹학생이 저시력학생보다 높다. 넷째, 시각장애 중등부학생의 영어학습 동기와 기대감에 대한 신념은 성별, 학교급별, 시각장애 정도별, 시각장애 발생시기별로 차이가 없다. 다섯째, 시각장애 중등부학생의 영어학습의 어려움에 대한 신념은 선천성 시각장애학생이 후천성 시각장애학생보다 높다.

EMTP를 이용한 뇌격 발생 시 가공지선 종류에 따른 과전압 분석

최인아,김윤곤,한준,서훈철,김철환 대한전기학회 2012 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.7

특수상황에서의 통풍치료

최인아 대한내과학회 2021 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2021 No.2

중환자의 카바페넴 내성 Acinetobacter baumannii 폐렴 치료 시 발생한 이상사례와 위험 인자

최인아,배성권,이용수,배성진 한국병원약사회 2019 병원약사회지 Vol.36 No.4

Background : Pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has been a major problem for the intensive care unit (ICU) in recent years. However, antibiotics targeting these pathogens frequently cause adverse events. Thus, we investigated the incidence of adverse events, their risk factors, and treatment outcomes in the CRAB pneumonia patient in the ICU. Methods : Electronic medical records of CRAB pneumonia patients admitted to the ICU from January 1, 2015 to April 1, 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients younger than age 18 years or those whose antibiotic maintenance dosage was within two days were excluded from this study. Results : A total of 127 patients were enrolled in this study, 40 of whom experienced an adverse events, and nephrotoxicity was the most common of those events (n=32, 80%). Combined use of nephrotoxic drugs (OR: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.27-9.34, p=0.015) and cancer history (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.14-9.93, p=0.029) were risk factors for adverse events, but inhaled colistin reduced the risk of adverse events (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09-0.62, p=0.003). The treatment failure rate (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.20-2.19, p=0.004) and in hospital mortality (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.36-3.88, p=0.002) were higher in patients who experienced adverse events than those who did not experience adverse events. Also, patients with nephrotoxic adverse events experienced prolonged admission to the intensive care unit (40.8±28.0 vs 31.6±18.6, p=0.038). Conclusions : Patients with a history of cancer or who received nephrotoxic agents may have increased risk of adverse events when treating CRAB pneumonia. Also, adverse events were associated with negative outcomes, such as treatment failure, increased in hospital mortality, and prolonged ICU hospital stay. Thus, these patients should be closely monitored for occurrence of adverse events, and healthcare providers should consider the safest treatment option for them.

Performance of the 2015 American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Gout in Korean Patients with Acute Arthritis

최인아,김지현,이윤종,강은하,하유정,신기철,이정석,Eunyoung Emily Lee,박진균,이은영,이은봉,송영욱 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.22

Background: We aimed to assess the performance of the 2015 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for gout in Korean patients with acute arthritis and to compare the performance of the ACR/ EULAR criteria to that of other sets of criteria for gout classification. Methods: Patients with acute arthritis who underwent diagnostic arthrocentesis at one of the four participating rheumatology clinics were consecutively enrolled between February and December 2017. Crystal-proven gout was diagnosed upon confirming the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in patients with a clinical impression of gout as judged by the rheumatologist. The performance of the ACR/EULAR and other gout classification criteria, including the Rome, New York, American Rheumatism Association (ARA), Mexico, and Netherlands criteria, was analyzed regardless of the presence/absence of MSU crystals. Results: The study enrolled 118 gout patients (all crystal-proven) and 95 non-gout patients. According to the area under the curve, the diagnostic performance was the highest for the ACR/EULAR classification criteria (sensitivity, 80.5%; specificity, 95.8%; area under the curve, 0.966), followed by the Netherlands, Rome, ARA, New York, and Mexico criteria. All six sets of criteria demonstrated lower sensitivity in patients exhibiting the first episode of acute arthritis. Conclusion: In Korean patients with acute arthritis, the ACR/EULAR classification criteria outperformed other sets of gout classification criteria even in the absence of information regarding the presence of MSU crystals. However, to enhance diagnostic sensitivity, synovial fluid analysis should be considered in patients with the first episode of acute arthritis.

Co-opting Good Governance Reform: The Rise of a Not-so-Reformist Leader in Kebumen, Central Java

최인아,Yuki Fukuoka 서울대학교행정대학원 2015 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.23 No.1

Challenging the existing literature, which tends to downplay the impact of good governance reform in post-Suharto Indonesia, the article suggests that greater intervention by international donors, combined with the process of decentralisation, has influenced the dynamics of political competition at the local level. It suggests that the increasing availability of international aid has provided local elites with an option to engage in a new form of patronage politics that relies less on old instruments, such as money politics and violence. By selectively committing themselves to good governance reform, Indonesian local elites can now seek a new source of power in the form of support from international donors, with which they can raise their profiles as ‘reformists’ and consolidate power, only to engage in familiar, if less blatant, forms of patronage politics. The article highlights such a dimension of local politics with reference to the case of Kebumen’s former regent, Rustriningsih.

한-태평양도서국 정상회의 주요 내용과 시사점

최인아,장한별 대외경제정책연구원 2023 KIEP 세계경제 포커스 Vol.23 No.18