있는 그대로 기다려 주면 된다 : 대전교구 서천어메니티복지마을 총원장 이윤제 베드로 신부

이윤제,유태근,최주성(사진) 미래사목연구소 2023 사목정보 Vol.16 No.1

Kinetic study for the reduction and oxidation of Fe₂O₃/ZrO₂ in the Chemical-looping process for hydrogen production

이윤제,강경수,배기광,김창희,조원철,정성욱,박주식 한국공업화학회 2011 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2011 No.1

Sporotrichum 의 동물이식 (動物移植) 에 관한 실험적 (實驗的) 연구

이윤제 대한피부과학회 1968 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.6 No.1

Sporotrichsis is a chronic granulomatous mycosis caused by Sporotrichum species. In Korea, Kim et al. had reported two cases of cutaneous sporotrichosis involving upper extremities for the first time in 1960. They had determined their strain to be similar to a variant of S.beuermanni by culture. These Kim's strain has inoculated into the peritoneum of rats pathogenicity, virulence and course by examining the macroscopic. The conclusion were as follows: 1. Rats were inoculated intraperitoneally and killed at intervals of 12, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days and followed by postmortem examination. 2. Macroscopic findings: At twelve day and lesions were observed. At 20 to 50 days all showed grayish brown lymphnodules varying in size, which were disseminated on the mesentery, omentum, peritoneum and inguinal region. On lung, liver, spleen and kidney, various changes i. e.; congestion, necrosis and degenerative changes were noted at 30 to 40 days after inoculation. 3. Microscopic findings: a. Most nodules were characterized by three distinct zones, i. e.; central suppurative, mirldle tuberculoid, and peripheral syphiloid zones. b. Visceral organs showed the following pathological changes varying with the duration of infection; diffuse hepatic necrosis, bronchitis and pneumonitis, splenitis and degene- rative changes in the kidney. c. Microorganisms could found in tissue by PAS stain, Its frequency rate shows 52% in lymphnodules and 16% in visceral organs. 4. For some unknown reasons isolation of the organisms by culture was successful only from 3 rats.

디지털 증거의 압수 수색과 증거능력

이윤제 대검찰청 2009 형사법의 신동향 Vol.23 No.-

기술의 발달과 더불어 컴퓨터의 광범위한 사용 및 인터넷의 보급은 최근에 형사소송법이 예상하지 못한 새로운 종류의 증거들을 만들어 내고 있다. 소위 디지털 증거의 매체독립성, 비가시성･비가독성, 원본과 사본의 구별 곤란성, 취약성, 저장 정보의 대량성, 전문성, 네트워크 관련성 등은 디지털 증거를 수집하는 절차, 증거조사 절차 등 광범위한 영역에서 기존의 형사소송법이 유형물을 예정하여 마련하여 놓은 규범들에 대하여 재검토를 요구하게 되었다. 디지털 증거의 압수, 수색 방법 및 그 증거능력을 고찰함에 있어서 과학의 진보 및 현실을 받아들이지 않고 디지털 증거의 존재를 무시, 부정하는 입장도 부당하지만, 디지털 증거의 특성만을 강조하여 우리 헌법이 보장하는 근본적인 가치들, 영장주의, 적법절차, 인권보호의 취지를 약화시키는 해석도 부당하다. 결국 디지털 증거에 대한 압수, 수색에 대하여는 개인의 프라이버시권을 존중하고, 헌법상의 영장주의와 적법절차, 인권보장의 정신을 실질적으로 침해하지 않는 범위 내에서 압수, 수색의 대상인 디지털 증거의 성질을 고려하여 형사소송법상의 압수, 수색의 규정을 준용하는 방식에 의해서 디지털 증거에 대한 압수, 수색을 허용하여야 하고, 디지털 증거의 증거능력에 대하여는 헌법정신에 부합하고 디지털 증거의 특성을 고려하는 적법한 절차에 따라 수집된 디지털 증거에 대하여 특히 무결성의 문제 및 전문법칙 적용을 중심으로 고찰하여야 할 것이다. The development of high-technology, the advent of computer, and the widespread distribution of the internet have been producing new evidence which the present criminal procedure law did not expect before. Digital evidence has unique characteristics such as latency, fragility, massiveness, network relationship, etc. It is impossible to apply the present norm, which is supposed to be applied to the tangible evidence, to the digital evidence, because digital evidence is not tangible evidence but information itself and it has unique distinctions above mentioned which are not shared by tangible evidence. While it is more desirable to solve this issue would be to make proper regulations about digital evidence, we, at this point, are required to provide the law enforcement and the judiciary with the proper guidance for the way how to handle this phenomenon appropriately. In principle, while the spirit of the Constitutional Law such as due process of law, freedom from the unreasonable search and seizure, and the protection of privacy should be fully respected, the rules for the search and seizure of tangible evidence would be applied to digital evidence Mutatis mutandis. Furthermore, the admissibility of digital evidence such as integrity of digital evidence including the exclusionary rule must be carefully approached considering the dispositions of digital evidence.

위법수집증거배제법칙의 적용기준에 대한 비교법적 연구

이윤제 한국형사판례연구회 2010 刑事判例硏究 Vol.18 No.-

The exclusionary rule is a judge-made doctrine that prohibits introduction of evidence obtained in violation of a defendant's Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendment to the US Constitution. The Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution provides: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. The exclusionary rule enforces this constitutional provision by excluding from the trial of a case any evidence that has been obtained by the government through means which violate the Fourth Amendment. The exclusionary rule operates as a bar to the use of evidence obtained as a result of an illegal search or seizure. The US courts have been reluctant to impose exclusion as a judicial remedy for a violation of a federal statute or regulation, or a Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. The other major civilized country, such as UK, Canada, Japan, France, Italy, and Germany, also have their own exclusionary rule related with the improperly, illegally or unconstitutionally obtained evidence. The revised Code of Korean Criminal Procedure introduced the exclusionary rule of the US to the criminal justice system where Korean Supreme Court has been refusing to apply the rule to the material evidence which is obtained by the illegal search or seizure of the government. It provides that the evidence which is obtained by violating due process of law shall not be admitted. The admission of the evidence, in Korea, depends on whether the government followed the due process of law while the evidence that has been secured by violation of the constitutional right shall be excluded in US. In addition, the major opinion of Korean Supreme Court recently held that, in principle, the exclusionary rule should be applied to the material evidence if the evidence was obtained by the search or seizure process which did not follow the Korean Constitutional Law and Criminal Procedure Law. According to this ruling, there is a chance that the slight violation of the Criminal Procedure Code by investigative agents would result in exclusion. I disagree with this opinion of Korean Supreme Court because this opinion did not deeply considered the one of the goals in criminal procedure - the discovery of the truth. The standard of the exclusionary rule must be whether the illegality of government's violation is substantial or serious considering the spirit of due process of law. It was the minor opinion of that Supreme Court's ruling.

커먼로 범죄와 죄형법정주의

이윤제 아주대학교 법학연구소 2016 아주법학 Vol.10 No.2

법원에 의한 법의 창설 또는 법의 발견을 인정하는 영미법은 법원의 판결에 의한 커먼로 범죄를 인정하였다. 즉, 죄형‘법’정주의의 ‘법’에는 형식적 의미의 법률뿐만 아니라 법원에 의하여 만들어지거나 발견된 법, 즉 커먼로를 포함한다. 커먼로는 본질적으로 불명확성, 소급효를 수반하는 법체계를 형법에서 유지한다는 비판을 받고 있다. 한편, 대륙법계 국가에서는 형식적 의미의 법률에 의해서만 범죄를 창설할 수 있다. 그리고, 이렇게 제정된 법률에 대하여는 행위 당시에 존재하는 법률에 의해서만 범죄로 처벌할 수 있다는 소급효 금지 원칙을 엄격히 적용한다. 우리나라에서는 커먼로 범죄를 인정하고 있지 않다. 그러나, 현실적으로는 영미법에서와 마찬가지로 판사가 법의 해석을 통하여 새로운 범죄를 창설할 수 있다. 대법원이 전원합의체 판결에 의하여 그 동안 원본만을 문서로 인정하던 판례를 뒤집고 복사문서의 문서성을 인정함으로써 기존의 판례에 따르면 무죄가 되었던 피고인이 처벌되었다. 대법원의 문서위조죄에 관한 새로운 해석에 의하여 기존에 처벌받지 않았던 행위가 처벌된 것이다. 그렇다면 우리나라에서도 판례가 실질적으로 규범력을 가지고 있다는 현실을 인정하고 이를 형법 체계에 반영하는 것이 타당할 것이다. 이 문제에 대한 접근법의 하나는 새로운 판결이 형법의 점진적 명료화에 해당하고 그것이 범죄의 본질과 일치하며 합리적으로 예측될 수 있었던 경우에 한하여 그러한 판결에 대하여 소급효를 인정하는 것이다. 이러한 입장을 따르게 되면 우리나라와 같은 대륙법계 국가에서는 형식적으로는 판례를 형법의 法源으로 인정하지 않지만, 법원의 판결이 범죄의 점진적 명료화의 수준을 넘어서거나 그러한 판결이 합리적으로 예측할 수 없었던 경우에 그 판결에 대하여 소급효를 부정하여야 한다. Common law crimes are created not by statutes but by judges. In the United States following conduct has been held criminal, although no statute made it so: conspiracy, attempt to a commit a crime, solicitation to commit a crime, and so forth. Generally speaking, common law crimes not only lack clear definition but also fail to provide specific ranges of punishment corresponding to the degree of wrongfulness. More importantly, the first conviction under a new common law crime punishes the defendant for acts which were not criminal when committed. It is argued that common law crimes are retroactive punishment and thus squarely violates the principle of legality. Interestingly enough, the principle of legality is considered to be one of the general principles of the United States criminal law as well and is contained within the United States Constitution’s Ex Post Facto clause. However, the European Court of Human Rights decided that “However clearly drafted a legal provision may be, in any system of law, including criminal law, there is an inevitable element of judicial interpretation. There will always be a need for elucidation of doubtful points and for adaptation to changing circumstances. Indeed, in the United Kingdom, as in the other Convention States, the progressive development of the criminal law through judicial law-making is a well entrenched and necessary part of legal tradition. Article 7 of the [European Human Rights] Convention cannot be read as outlawing the gradual clarification of the rules of criminal liability through judicial interpretation from case to case, provided that the resultant development is consistent with the essence of the offence and could reasonably be foreseen” in the Case of C. R. v. the UK. This judgement indicates that common law crimes and its retroactive application to the case which happened before the judgement do not necessarily violate the principle of legality. South Korea is considered to be one of the continental criminal law countries, which means case-law including common law crimes is not the source of law and corollarily the change of the case-law applies to the case which occurred before the new decision. However, it is clear that case-law is law in reality even though it is not a statute by the Parliament. Therefore, we cannot deny its real normative force especially in criminal law. The better view is that the change of the court decision applies to the case which took place before the decision as long as it is the gradual clarification of the rules of criminal liability through judicial interpretation from case to case, provided that the resultant development is consistent with the essence of the offence and could reasonably be foreseen.

검찰개혁과 고위공직자비리수사처

이윤제 한국형사법학회 2017 刑事法硏究 Vol.29 No.1

This article explains why the Korean Prosecutors’ Office(KPO) should be reformed and how its reformation could be achieved. There are two approaches why KPO has been criticised by people. The first approach blames KPO’s politicalization on the pressure from the President(Extrinsic Approach). This approach suggests that reformation should focus on preventing the President from intervening KPO’s personnel matters. The other approach argues KPO has been politicalized and corrupt because it has too much power in the justice system(Inherent Approach). This approach suggests that KPO’s power should be reduced and the other organization should check KPO’s power. While KPO’s political independence matters, the author joins the Inherent approach. The idea of introducing the Korean Corruption Investigation Office(KCIO) into Korean justice system is supported by Inherent Approach because KCIO’s creation will reduce KPO’s power and bring checks and balances mechanism between KPO and KCIO. 제20대 국회가 임기를 개시한 2016년 5월 30일 이후에만 3개의 공수처 법률안이 발의되었다. 공수처 설립에 대한 국민적 열망에도 불구하고 이런저런 이유를 들어 공수처의 설립을 반대하는 견해들이 지속적으로 나타나고 있다. 공수처 설립을 반대하는 이론적 근거는 검찰개혁이 요구되는 이유에 관한 외인론(外因論)에 기초하고 있다. 외인론은 검찰문제의 본질을 정치검찰이라고 본다. 검찰 인사의 독립성과 중립성이 보장되면 검찰이 공정한 사건처리를 할 것이라고 주장하면서, 공수처와 같이 검찰권 자체를 약화시키는 검찰개혁에 반대한다. 내재론(內在論)은 검찰에 권력이 집중됨으로써 정치와 검찰이 결합하고, 검찰권의 남용과 검찰부패가 발생한 것으로 본다. 최근 계속 발생한 검찰 비리 사건들은 내재론이 타당하다는 것을 보여준다. 내재론의 검찰개혁은 검찰인사제도의 개혁뿐만 아니라 검찰권을 약화, 견제시킬 것까지 요구한다. 공수처 설립 방안은 고위공직자비리 사건에 대하여 수사권과 기소권을 행사하는 독립기구를 검찰 외부에 별도로 설립함으로써 실질적으로 검찰권을 분할하고, 검찰과 공수처를 상호견제하게 함으로써 검찰권을 통제하자는 것으로, 내재론의 대표적인 검찰개혁 방안 중의 하나이다. 국민적 합의가 이미 이루어진 공수처 설립안을 20대 국회에서 조속히 통과시켜야 할 것이다.

수종신경제(數種神經濟)가 조직비반세포 변동에 미치는 역할에 대한 실험적(實驗的) 연구

이윤제 대한피부과학회 1968 대한피부과학회지 Vol.6 No.1

With the artificially applied local inflammatory stimulus by ultraviolet irradiation to the inner aspect of the left albino rat thigh skin, the tissue mast cell changes were observed for the nerve effectiveness on the irradiated thigh (Lt.) and non-irradiated opposite thigh (Rt.) and tongue. Using the distilled water (for control group), Bistrium Bromide blocking agent), Yhenobarbital Sodium (sedative and hypnotic) and (autonomic ganglion Reserpine (tranquillizer) were regularly subcutaneously injected every 8 hours, and the following results of most cell changes were observed. 1) Without ultraviolet ray irradiation, the rats of first group were received distilled water and average number of mast cells at the Rt. and Lt. inner aspects of thigh and tongue were gradually decreased and 24 hours after injection, the number of each part showed lowed curve, that was 85. 1%, 84. 8% and 91. 8% of normal average number. On the second and 4th day of the injection, increasing number of each part reached to the normal average number. The 7th day of injection maximum number of above average was l02.1%, 110.8% and 110.7%. 2) With the ultraviolet ray irradiation the rats of second group received distilled water. At the Rt, and Lt. inner aspects of the thigh and tongue, the average number of mast cells gradually decreased and on the 4th day of the injection, the lowest number was 59.3,$quot;o, 78.7% and 86. 2% of each average number. However on the 7th day the increasing number showed 75.0%, 84.6% and 89.6% of average number. 3) Group 3; Received Bistrium Bromide injection respectively, 24 hours after injection at the Rt. and Lt. inner aspects of the thigh the gradually decreasing number of mast cells showed the lowest curve, it accounted 70.6% and 74.0% of normal value. However at the tongue it was 77.2% on the second day of injection. Their highest number was seen on the 7th day, it was 95.7%, 100.5% and 107. 8% respectively. 4) Group 4; Received Bistrium Bromide and ultraviolet ray irradiation, the average number of mast cells at the Rt. and Lt. inner aspects of the thigh and tongue showed decreasing curve. On the second day of injection the lowest number was 43.3%, 65.4% and 74.9/o of normal value respectively. On the 4th day of injection and irradiation the average number was increased, then after 7th day of injection maximum value was 93. 7%, 92.1% and 115.1% of normal number. 5) Group 5; Received Phenobarbital Sodium, the average number of mast cells at the Rt. and Lt. inner aspects of the thigh and tongue was gradually decreased, the lowest number was seen on the 24 hours after injection, it was 76.7%, 8.7% and 90. 9% of normal value. On the second and 4th day of injection, the curve was increased and on the 7tIi day, the highest value was 106.5%, 104.8% and 104. 6% of normal average value. 6) Group 7; Received Phenobarbital Sodium with ultraviolet rayirradiation at the Rt. and Lt. inner aspects of the thigh and tongue, the average number of must cells were gradually decreased. On the 4th day of injection and irradiation, they reached to the lowest number, and it was 43.3%, 80.6% and 74.0% of normal number. On the 7th day it showed the highest value of 74.9%, 97.2% and 95.8% respectively. 7) Group 7; Received Reserpine at the Rt. and Lt. inner aspect; of the thigh and tongue, the number of mast cells gradually decreased. On the 4 hours after injection 85.4%, 84.0% and 87.9% of average normal number was seen. On the second day, respectively number was increased. On the 7th day maximum increasing number was 103.1%, 115.2% and 95.0% of normal average number. 8) Group 8; Received Reserpine and ultraviolet ray irradiation, the decreasing number of mast cells reached to the lowest value on the 4th day after injection, it was 53.5%, 80.3% and 84. 4% of normal value. On the 7th day of procedure, increased number showed 94.8%, 110.3% and 92.9 % of normal value. From the above experimental study, Ristrium Bromide, Phenobarhital Scdium and Reserpibne gave some effect to the change of mast cell at the irracliaticn area by ultraviolet ray and non-irradiated distant part.

투수성 폴리머 콘크리트의 공극률, 투수계수 및 동결융해 후 압축강도

이윤제,Aryssa Kathreen Marcaida,안재훈,이태형,차명환 한국방재학회 2019 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.19 No.3

도시 수환경 개선을 위한 저영향개발 기법의 요소 기술 중 하나인 투수성 포장은 현재 국·내외에서 그 적용 사례가 빠른 속도로 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 투수성 폴리머 콘크리트 포장재를 대상으로, 콘크리트 배합에의 규사 함유량에 따른 공극률과 투수계수를 분석하고, 또한 동결융해 처리 전·후의 압축강도를 평가하였다. 규사 함유량이 증가함에 따라 같은 다짐 정도에서 단위중량이 증가하였으며, 이에 따라 공극률과 투수계수가 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 압축강도의 경우, 규사 함유량 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 전체 골재 중 규사가 30%에 해당하는 경우에는 경교통량 하의 설계기준을 만족할 것으로 예측되었다. 본 논문에서는 300회의 동결융해 반복과정을 거쳤으며, 이 후의 압축강도는 초기 값의 약 60% 정도에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 투수성 포장재의 동결융해 시험에 대한 기준은 아직 정립된 바 없으며, 국내 기후환경에 적합한 동결융해 사이클과 포화 조건의 개발을 통해 동결융해 저항성에 대한 시험 기준을 개발하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. Permeable pavements are one of the most widely employed low impact development techniques. In this study, the physical characteristics of permeable polymer concrete materials were assessed. For varying contents of silica sand, the porosity, permeability, and compressive strength were experimentally evaluated before and after freeze-thaw cycles. The results indicate that specimens with a high content of silica sand possess low porosity, low permeability, and high compressive strength. Additionally, under identical compaction efforts, specimens with greater content of silica sand had higher unit weights. After 300 freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive strength of the specimens reduced to approximately 60% of the initial value. The standards for moisture conditions associated with freezing and thawing of permeable concrete have not been established yet. Hence, it is necessary to develop testing standards that take Korean environments into consideration.

HMR 내재적⋅외재적 선택속성이 만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 -한국⋅일본 소비자를 중심으로-

이윤제,박주현,문성식,홍완수 한국식생활문화학회 2019 한국식생활문화학회학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.05