^99mTc-DMSA 검사에서 상대 신섭취율 산출 시 양면상 촬영의 유용성에 대한 고찰

김주연,이한울,권오준,김정열,박민수,조석원,강천구,김재삼,Kim, Joo-Yeon,Lee, Han-Wool,Kwon, O-Jun,Kim, Jung-Yul,Park, Min-Soo,Cho, Seok-Won,Kang, Chun-Goo,Kim, Jae-Sam 대한핵의학기술학회 2015 핵의학 기술 Vol.19 No.1

$^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 신장 신티그라피는 피질에 주로 섭취되어 신실질을 영상화하고 좌우 신장 및 배후방사능에 관심영역을 설정함으로써 상대 신섭취율을 평가할 수 있는 검사로, 진단 및 치료 후 경과관찰에 이용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 후면상과 양면상 촬영 시 그리고 신장의 깊이를 적용한 경우의 상대 신섭취율 변화를 비교하여 상관관계를 알아보고자 한다. 실험은 신장 팬텀 및 조직등가물질을 이용하여 신장의 깊이에 차이를 주며 깊이 당 각 5번씩 총 25번을 진행하였다. 임상연구는 2014년 2월부터 10월까지 본원에 내원하여 $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 검사를 시행한 36명의 성인 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 장비는 감마카메라 INFINIA를 사용하였으며 GE사의 Xeleris Ver. 2.1220을 이용하여 신장 및 배후 방사능 모두 자동으로 관심영역을 설정하였다. 또한 환자별 신장 깊이의 차이를 고려하여 측면상을 촬영한 후 실제 신장 깊이를 측정하였다. 후면상에서의 산술평균값과 양면상에서의 기하학적 평균값 그리고 후면상에 신장 깊이를 적용해준 상대 신섭취율을 비교해보고 유의한 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 팬텀 실험 결과 좌, 우 신장 깊이의 차이가 1 cm 미만인 경우에는 양면상을 촬영했을 때와 후면상에 실제 깊이를 적용해준 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(P>0.05), 1 cm를 초과한 경우에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 임상 연구에서는 후면상만을 촬영해준 경우와 후면상에 신장 깊이를 적용해준 경우의 상관관계(r=0.988)에 비해 양면상을 촬영해준 경우와 후면상에 신장의 깊이를 적용하여 보정해준 경우가 더 높은 상관관계(r=0.999)를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 양면상과 후면상을 촬영했을 때의 상대 신섭취율 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 후면상만 촬영한 경우에도 깊이를 보정해줬을 때와 비교하여 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었으나 오차를 줄이기 위해서는 양면상을 촬영해주는 방법을 권고한다. Purpose $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scintigraphy serves as location, size and shape of kidney, so it has been used for diagnosis and passage observation after the operation or treatment. There are 3 methods of calculating the relative renal uptake ratio such as geometric mean of the counts from the anterior and posterior views, arithmetical mean from the only posterior view and posterior view which applied the renal depths. In this study, we seek to correlation between the change of total relative uptake ratio according to different inspection methods of obtaining the renal count rate. Materials and Methods The phantom experiments proceeded 5 times depending on each renal depth with the kidney phantom and tissue equivalent materials. In the clinical research, we investigated 36 adult patients who had visited our hospital from february to october, 2014 and received $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan. The equipment was used as a gamma camera named INFINIA (General Electric Healthcare, milwaukee, USA) and we drew the region of interests through semiautomatic method by using Xeleris Ver. 2.1220 of GE. In addition, we obtained the lateral view of kidney to measure the renal depth of each patient. Then the results were compared with 3 methods of calculating relative renal uptake ratio. Results The phantom studies show when the difference between the left ant right kidney depth were less than 1 cm, there were no statistically significant difference among values calculated through anterior and posterior views and only posterior view (P>0.05), while the excess of 1cm, the results showed a statistically significant change in the value (P<0.05). In case of clinical research, the correlation between total relative uptake ratio by obtaining both sides of image and posterior view applied the kidney depth (r=0.999) was higher than by obtaining only posterior view and applying the kidney depth to one side image (r=0.988). Conclusion This study has found that, the difference of calculating total relative uptake ratio compared with obtaining anterior and posterior views and only posterior view. In order to reduce the error, we recommend the method of obtaining anterior and posterior views and is considered to be useful, particularly the patients have similar uptake ratio of left and right kidney and difficulties of measurements of kidney depth.

백내장 수술 후 생긴 낭포황반부종에서의 유리체강내 트리암시놀론 주입술 일차치료 효과

김주연,김정목,유영주,김철구,조성원,이태곤.Joo Yeon Kim. MD. Joung Mok Kim. MD. Young Ju Lew. MD. PhD. Chul Gu Kim. MD. Sung Won Cho. MD. PhD. Tae Gon Lee. MD 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Purpose: To report the clinical manifestations of intravitreal triamcinolone injection as a primary treatment method for patients with cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. Methods: The present retrospective study was comprised of patients diagnosed with cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery performed between March 2006 and March 2008. To treat the edema, intravitreal triamcinolone injection was administered. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness were measured, and complications as well as efficacy of the treatment were evaluated. Results: Twelve eyes were selected for the present study with a mean patient age of 67.3 years. The average period between cataract surgery and diagnosis of cystoid macular edema was 7.6 weeks. All 12 eyes received an intravitreal triamcinolone injection, and the patients were followed up for an average of 6.7 months. BCVA (log MAR) was changed from 0.29 ± 0.12 to 0.11 ± 0.09, showing statistically significant improvement (p = 0.000). The OCT showed that the average CMT was statistically decreased from 390.58 ± 94.98 μm to 165.17 ± 39.95 μm (p = 0.001). No complications were reported after the procedure, and vision and edema improved after one month in all 12 eyes. Conclusions: After performing intravitreal triamcinolone injection as a primary treatment method for cystoid macular edema which developed after cataract surgery, rapid recovery and improvement of vision and macular thickness were confirmed in all 12 eyes. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(3):428-433

테라비트급 나노 스케일 SONOS 플래시 메모리 제작 및 소자 특성 평가

김주연,김문경,김병철,김정우,서광열,Kim, Joo-Yeon,Kim, Moon-Kyung,Kim, Byung-Cheul,Kim, Jung-Woo,Seo, Kwang-Yell 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.12

To implement tera bit level non-volatile memories of low power and fast operation, proving statistical reproductivity and satisfying reliabilities at the nano-scale are a key challenge. We fabricate the charge trapping nano scaled SONOS unit memories and 64 bit flash arrays and evaluate reliability and performance of them. In case of the dielectric stack thickness of 4.5 /9.3 /6.5 nm with the channel width and length of 34 nm and 31nm respectively, the device has about 3.5 V threshold voltage shift with write voltage of $10\;{\mu}s$, 15 V and erase voltage of 10 ms, -15 V. And retention and endurance characteristics are above 10 years and $10^5$ cycle, respectively. The device with LDD(Lightly Doped Drain) process shows reduction of short channel effect and GIDL(Gate Induced Drain Leakage) current. Moreover we investigate three different types of flash memory arrays.

UV 검출기 제작을 위한 $8{\times}8$ ReadOut IC에 관한 연구

김주연,김태근,Kim, Joo-Yeon,Kim, Tae-Geun 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌 IE (Industry electronics) Vol.42 No.3

산업용, 의학용 및 군사용, 환경감시용 등 다양한 분야에서 UV 카메라가 이용되고 있다. 높은 분해능과 고효율을 가진 GaN 계열의 III-V족 질화물 반도체를 이용하여 제작한 UV 센서인 포토다이오드로 부터 최적의 자외선 응답을 읽어낼 수 있는 ROIC(ReadOut IC)를 개발 했다. FPA(Focal Plane Array)용 UV $8{\times}8$ ReadOut IC(ROIC)를 설계를 위하여 포토다이오드 타입 센서 소자를 커패시터로 모델링하였다. ROIC는 검출되는 신호를 받아 이를 증폭하고 잡음제거 필터링을 거쳐 픽셀 단위로 순차적으로 출력하는 기능을 수행하도록 하였다. ROIC는 $0.5{\mu}m$ 2Poly, 3Metal N-well CMOS process를 이용하여 제작되었으며, 이방성 전도성 페이스트 (Anisotropic Conductive Paste:ACP)를 사용하는 gold stud bumping 공정으로 ROIC와 포토다이오드 어레이를 하이브리드 패키지 (package)한 후 PC에서 자외선 영상으로 확인함으로써 ROIC의 동작을 검증하였다. A UV camera is being used in various application regions such as industry, medical science, military, and environment monitoring. A ROIC(ReadOut IC) is developed and can read the responses from UV photodiode sensors which are made with III-V nitride semiconductors of GaN series haying high resolution and high efficiency. To design FPA(Focal Plane Array) UV $8{\times}8$ ROIC, the photodiode type sensor devices are modeled as the capacitor type ones. The ROIC reads out signals from the detector at)d outputs sequentially pixel signals after amplifying and noise filtering of them. The ROIC is fabricated using the $0.5{\mu}m$ 2Poly 3Metal N-well CMOS process. And then, it and photodiode array are hybrid bonded by gold stud bumping process using ACP(Anisotropic Conductive Paste). After the packaging, UV images appearing on PC verified the operations of the ROIC.

독일문학의 맛에 매료된 세월

김주연,Kim, Ju-Yeon 대한출판문화협회 1997 출판저널 Vol.216 No.-

바라건데 언젠가는 18세기부터 오늘에 이르는 독일비평사 한권쯤 내 손으로 썼으면 한다. 이들을 읽을 때마다 그들의 예감과 통찰력에 나 자신 부끄러움을 느끼면서 언젠가 이들 수준에 이를 것인지 아득한 동경에 빠진다.

대학생 개인정보보호 인식조사를 통한 교육 개선방안 연구

김주연,Kim, Ju-yeon 한국정보통신학회 2019 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

개인정보의 수집과 사용이 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 추세에서, 개인정보를 보호하기 위한 법적 근거가 마련되고 각종 정책과 제도가 시행되고 있지만, 개인정보보호에 관한 교육과 그 효과에 대한 분석이 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대학생들의 개인정보보호에 인식정도와 실제 인지수준에 대해 분석하고, 개인정보보호 교육의 만족도를 조사하였다. 분석결과에서 학생들의 개인정보보호에 대한 관심이나 개인정보 노출 염려는 매우 높은 편이었으나, 실제 개인정보보호를 위한 노력이나 개인정보보호를 위한 권리 및 제도에 대한 인지수준은 매우 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 정보보호 교육을 받은 경험 및 만족도도 매우 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 학생들은 개인정보보호 교육의 필요성은 크게 공감하였고, 일회성 교육보다는 정기적이고 지속적인 교육을 선호하는 것으로 분석되었다. In the trend of continuously increasing collection and use of personal information, there are legal grounds for protecting personal information and various policies and systems are implemented, but there is insufficient analysis about education and its effect of personal information protection. In this study, we surveyed and analyzed the degree of awareness and actual perception level in the protection of personal information of college students, and investigated the satisfaction of personal information protection education. The results of the analysis showed that students' interest in privacy protection and concern about personal information exposure was very high, but the efforts to protect personal information and the perception level of rights and systems for protecting personal information was very low. In addition, the experience and satisfaction of education for personal information protection were found to be very low. Students felt that the necessity of education for personal information protection was strongly agreed and preferred regular and continuous education rather than one-time education.

갑상선 결절에 대한 세침흡인 세포검사에서 비진단적 검체의 특징과 치료 전략

김주연,정은정,정상호,주영태,정치영,이영준,홍순찬,최상경,하우송,박순태,Ju-Yeon Kim,Eun-Jung Jung,Sang-Ho Jeong,Young-Tae Ju,Chi-Young Jeong,Young-Joon Lee,Soon-Chan Hong,Sang-Kyeong Choi,Woo-Song Ha,and Soon-Tae Park 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2010 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.10 No.4

표면마무리를 위한 Sn-2.5Cu 합금 도금막의 특성

김주연,배규식,Kim, Ju-Youn,Bae, Kyoo-Sik 한국재료학회 2003 한국재료학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Sn-2.5Cu alloy layers were deposited on the Alloy 42 lead-frame substrates by the electroplating method, and their microstructures, adhesion strength, and electrical resistivity were measured to evaluate the applicability of Sn-Cu alloy as a surface finishing material of electronic parts. The Sn-2.5Cu layers were electroplated in the granular form, and composed of pure Sn and Cu$_{6}$Sn$_{5}$ intermetallic compound. Surfaces of the electroplated Sn-2.5Cu layers were rather rough and also the thickness variance was large. The adhesion strength of the Sn-2.5Cu electroplated layers was highly comparable to that of the electroplated Cu alloy layer and the electrical conductivity was about 10 times higher than the pure Sn. After the 20$0^{\circ}C$ 30 min. annealing of the electroplated Sn-2.5Cu layers, the surface roughness was reduced, and adhesion strength and conductivity were improved. These results showed the Sn-Cu alloys can be used as an excellent surface finishing material.ial.

에이전트 기반 유·무인 수색정찰 전술행위 모델링 및 분석

김주연,한상우,변재정,Kim, Ju Youn,Han, Sang Woo,Pyun, Jai Jeong 한국시뮬레이션학회 2018 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.27 No.4

오늘날 여러 산업분야에서 활용되고 있는 무인화기술은 자율기술이 성숙함에 따라 장기적으로는 인공지능차원의 자율판단이 가능한 수준으로까지 발전할 것으로 예상된다. 군사 분야에 있어 무인체계의 활용성을 높이기 위해서는 사람이 수행하던 임무를 무인체계가 대신함에 따른 효율성 및 효과의 정도를 체계적 정량적으로 분석하기 위한 기법 개발이 요구된다. 이에 본 논문에서는 유 무인체계가 혼합 편성된 미래 기갑수색부대가 수색정찰 임무계획 수립 시 대두되는 수색경로 대안을 효과적으로 분석할 수 있도록 전술행위를 규칙기반(rule-based)으로 표현하고, 유 무인 수색정찰 에이전트를 모델링하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 기갑수색부대의 무인차량, 소형전술차량, 전투원 등 전투개체를 에이전트 개념으로 모델링하고, 각각의 기동, 탐색, 전투원 하차지점 선정, 경로선정 등을 행동규칙화 하여 NetLogo를 이용해 구현한다. 제안한 모델은 작전지역 내 기동로 여건, 적 위협 요소, 정찰자산 등을 고려하여 적정 경로를 선정하고, 경로상의 정찰면적, 정찰소요시간, 작전효과(기여도) 등의 산출이 가능하여, 향후 지상무인체계 효과 분석 시 다양한 목적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Today's unmanned technology, which is being used in various industries, is expected to be able to make autonomous judgements as autonomous technology matures, in the long run aspects. In order to improve the usability of unmanned system in the military field, it is necessary to develop a technique for systematically and quantitatively analyzing the efficiency and effectiveness of the unmanned system by means of a substitute for the tasks performed by humans. In this paper, we propose the method of representing rule-based tactical behavior and modeling manned and unmanned reconnaissance agents that can effectively analyze the path alternatives which is required for the future armored cavalry to establish a reconnaissance mission plan. First, we model the unmanned ground vehicle, small tactical vehicle, and combatant as an agent concept. Next, we implement the proposed agent behavior rules, e.g., maneuver, detection, route determination, and combatant's dismount point selection, by NetLogo. Considering the conditions of maneuver, enemy threat elements, reconnaissance assets, appropriate routes are automatically selected on the operation area. It is expected that it will be useful in analyzing unmanned ground system effects by calculating reconnaissance conducted area, time, and combat contribution ratio on the route.

학령기 아동의 스트레스와 대처행동에 관한 연구

김주연,김정순,Kim, Ju-Youn,Kim, Jung-Soon 한국지역사회간호학회 1999 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the daily stress and stress coping behavior of elementary school children. The subjects for this study were 372 children fourth, fifth and sixth graders from an elementary school in Pusan. We adopted Won - Joo Chung's research instrument (1997) for measuring stress and coping behavior in this study. Statistical techniques such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, order, and Pearson correlation were used to examine the research questions of this study. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The most common instance of stress to be experienced by all children was the stress from school life, followed by social pressures, individual pressures and family environment. 2. A positive revaluation was the most commonly used stress-coping behavior, followed by behavioral mood conversion, spiritual support, problem-facing behavior, an information search for problem-solving, physical separation for emotional relaxation, avoidance, emotional aggressiveness and emotional expression. 3. Stress-coping behavior had a positive and significant correlation with the stress score(r = .4391, p= .000). In conclusion, the stress from school life was the most common experienced by all children. While independent effort in problem-solving was unsufficient, stress coping behavior had positive results. Therefore, this study verified the necessity of minimizing the stress children experience from school life and of helping them attain desirable stress-coping behaviors.