膣 Trich monas 症再發防止法

金鼎烈 中央醫學社 1964 中央醫學 Vol.7 No.3

Acute Bilateral Visual Loss Related to Orthostatic Hypotension

김정열,김경남,김우진,이연희 대한안과학회 2013 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.27 No.5

A 50-year-old man had undergone lumbar vertebral surgery and was confined to bed in the supine position for three months. When he sat up from the prolonged supine position, he showed clinical signs of orthostatic hypotension and reported decreased vision in both eyes. He also had underlying anemia. Ophthalmologic findings suggested bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) as the cause of the visual loss. Although there are numerous reports of ION in the setting of hemodynamic compromise, such as systemic hypotension, cases of ION-associated orthostatic hypotension are very rare.

재료품 품질의 변동이 필터 공기희석율 변동에 미치는 영향

김정열,김종열,신창호,정한주 한국연초학회 2000 한국연초학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The variability of a ventilated filter cigarette depends on the details of its construction and on the variabilities of its components. Variations in filter ventilation arise from many sources, including variations in tobacco rod pressure drop, filter tip pressure drop, tipping paper permeability, and plugwrap permeability. To reduce the filter ventilation variability, the variability of filter ventilation levels in ventilated cigarettes is studied by Monte Carlo Analysis. For each trials a value is selected for tobacco rod pressure drop, filter tip pressure drop, tipping paper permeability, and plugwrap permeability. These values are selected randomly from a normal distribution based on the target and coefficient of variation for each input variable. The results of this analysis for filter ventilation variation suggest that the variations of filter ventilation are dependent on the details of cigarette designs studied and reducing the variability of any cigarette component will reduce filter ventilation variability. For typical cigarettes, variation in the permeability of tipping paper is usually the most significant contributor to filter ventilation variability. Results of a Monte Carlo Analysis could provide both general insights and specific practical guidance about the design of ventilated filter cigarettes.

西周의 監에 대하여

金正烈 숭실사학회 2004 숭실사학 Vol.17 No.-

담배 Mainstream Smoke중 Semi-volatile 화합물 연구

김정열,신창호,김종열,김영호,이근회 한국연초학회 1998 한국연초학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The semi-volatile fraction of cigarette mainstream smoke contains the most important aroma and taste that enhance smoke flavor. The components in mainstream smoke were analysed for commercially available cigarettes. To compare the semi-volatile components delivered from mainstream smoke of domestic cigarette with imported cigarette, we analyzed three types of filter cigarettes such as cellulose acetate mono filter, carbon dual filter and slim filter cigarette. Mainstream smoke was collected with a combination of Cambridge filter pad and liquid trap containing a small amount of acetone cooled by dry ice-methanol. We have identified 43 components from mainstream smoke by GC and GC/MS and found that benzene, toluene, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde, acetic acids nicotine and triacetin were the main peaks in mainstream smoke. Also we have compared the relative amounts of semi-volatile compounds delivered from the domestic and imported cigarettes with three different filters. From the results of this study, the relative amounts of limonene, acetic acid, 5-methyl-Lfuraldehyde delivered from the imported cigarettes were generally higher than those of the domestic one's.

국내외 제품담배의 tar, nicotine 및 vapour phase 이행량 비교

김정열,신창호,김종열 한국연초학회 1998 한국연초학회지 Vol.20 No.2

A comparative study of major brands of domestic and imported cigarettes saled in market has been conducted. The total amounts of total particulate matter(TPM), tar and nicotine delivered from cigarettes, as well as the amounts of tar, nicotine in puff by puff were determined in the mainstream smoke of 6 brands. In addition, the relative amounts of vapour phase in 3rd puff smoke were determined. Results showed that the amounts of TPM and tar delivered from domestic brands were similar to the imported brands and the amounts of total nicotine delivered from domestic brands were higher than those of imported brands. As the domestic cigarettes nicotine/tar(N/T X 100) ratio was 9.5-10.3, the imported one's was 5.6-8.1. However, the amounts of tar and nicotine in puff by puff for the domestic brands were lower than those of the imported cigarettes and the relative amounts of vapour phase in 3rd puff smoke for the domestic cigarettes were lower than those of the imported cigarettes.

Triacetin이 탄소복합 필터의 연기성분 흡착능에 미치는 영향

김정열,신창호,김종열 한국연초학회 1998 한국연초학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of triacetin(TA) treatment during manufacturing carbon dual filter for the adsorption of cigarette smoke components by activated carbons. The measurements were carried out by separation of activated carbon from carbon dual filter, and the specific surface area analyzed. The specific surface area of activated carbon from the domestic cigarette filter and from the foreign cigarette filter by degassing at 9$0^{\circ}C$ was 163$\pm$32$m^2$/g, and 16.6$\pm$1.9$m^2$/g, respectively. Those values were very lower than that of degassing at 35$0^{\circ}C$ (Domestic brand: 952$\pm$30$m^2$/g, and Foreign brand: 847$\pm$73$m^2$/g). By comparing the adsorption capacity of acetone and benzene with and without triacetin treated activated carbon, there was a 20% reduction of adsorption capacity by 5% triacetin treatment. Also, from the cilia toxicity test with carbon dual filter treated 0 % TA and 8 % TA, the cilia survival time was 706$\pm$74sec. and 603$\pm$64sec. for 0% TA and 8% TA, respectively. The delivery rate of vapour phase of cigarette smoke, which consists of main components of cilia toxicity, was higher at 8% TA filter than 0 % TA filter. Our results indicate that the treated TA covered the micro-pore of activated carbon, and then reduced specific surface area, finally, decreased the adsorption of vapour phase from cigarette smoke.

서울신문의 大韓每日申報 뿌리찾기

金正悅 관훈클럽 1993 관훈저널 Vol.- No.55

지역 이미지의 시각적 연계성 연구 - 국내 대도시의 심벌마크와 캐릭터를 중심으로 -

김정열,김민송 한국일러스트레이션학회 2020 일러스트레이션 포럼 Vol.21 No.64

국내 각 지자체의 지역 이미지는 지역의 정체성을 전달하는 것을 목적으로 만들어졌으며, 지역을 상징 하는 시각 이미지로서 다양한 곳에 활용된다. 지역을 상징하는 시각 이미지는 시민이나 관광객이 지역을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 기획하고 디자인하는 것이 중 요하다. 전국 245개 지자체 중 대부분의 지자체가 심 벌마크와 캐릭터를 보유하고 있을 정도로 관심을 갖 고, 다양한 곳에 활용하고 있다. 지역 이미지를 활용 하여 지역 관광 및 문화, 특산물 등을 홍보하는데 적 극적으로 활용하고 있고, 지역 경제 활성화에 도움을 주고 있다. 본 연구를 위해 전국 245개의 지자체 중 거주 인 구 및 유동 인구가 많은 특별시 1곳과 광역시 6곳을 선정하였다. 지역 이미지의 대표적인 사례 중 심벌마 크, 캐릭터, 슬로건, 도시를 상징하는 꽃인 시화(市 花), 도시를 상징하는 새인 시조(市鳥), 도시 컬러 등 을 정리하고 분석했다. 본 연구에서는 선정된 도시의 거주 중인 시민 269 명을 대상으로 지역 이미지에 대한 인식과 시각적 연계성에 대해 설문조사를 진행하였다. 조사를 통해 다 음과 같은 기준으로 분석하고 정리했다. 첫째, 시각 이미지로서 심벌마크와 캐릭터의 시각 적 연계성의 필요 여부에 대해 분석했다, 둘째, 지역 이미지로서 심벌마크와 캐릭터의 필요 여부에 대한 인식을 분석했다. 셋째, 지역 이미지의 표현에 대한 이식을 분석했다. 마지막으로, 현재 만들어져 있는 심 벌마크와 캐릭터의 시각적 연계성 여부에 대해 분석 했다. 연구를 통해 얻어진 결론으로는 현재 만들어져 있 는 심벌마크와 캐릭터의 이미지는 시각적 연계성이 낮았다. 시각적 연계성을 기준으로 시각 이미지가 잘 표현되지 않았다는 것을 확인했다. 반면, 지역 이미지 로서 심벌마크와 캐릭터는 필요한 요소라는 것을 확 인하였고, 시각적 연계성이 필요하다는 것을 확인했 다. 이를 통해, 각 지자체는 효과적인 지역 이미지의 활용을 위해서는 시각적 연계성을 기반으로 한 지역 이미지를 개발한다면, 지역의 긍정적 이미지 향상 및 지역 경제 활성화 등 다양한 분야에서 긍정적인 결과 를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. Made for the purpose of conveying local identity, the local image of each local government in South Korea is used in various ways as a visual image symbolizing the region. As visual images symbolize the municipality, it is important to plan and design them in a fashion that citizens and tourists can easily understand its characteristics. Most of the 245 local governments across South Korea have their own city symbols and characters and utilize them for various purposes. The local images have been extensively used to promote local tourism, culture, and specialty products, contributing to the revitalization of the local economy. For this study, out of the 245 Korean local governments, one special city and six metropolitan cities with a large resident and floating population were selected. Among several representative examples of local images, city symbols, characters, slogans, flowers, birds, colors, etc. were organized and analyzed. In addition, a survey was conducted on the perception of local images and the visual connectivity of local images with 269 residents living in the selected cities. The survey results were analyzed and organized according to the following criteria: First, the importance of the visual connectivity of symbols and characters as visual images was analyzed. Second, the perception of the need for symbols and characters as local images was studied. Third, the perception of the expression of local images was analyzed. Finally, whether there was visual connectivity between the existing symbols and characters was explored. As a result, the existing symbol and mascot images had a low visual connectivity. It was found that the visual image was not properly expressed based on the visual connectivity. On the other hand, symbols and characters, as local images, were found to be necessary elements. Additionally, it was revealed that visual connectivity is essential. In conclusion, local governments can expect positive outcomes in a variety of areas, including the improvement of the local image and the boost of the local economy, by developing the local image based on visual connectivity for its effective use.

오늘의 靑少年 問題와 그 對策

金貞烈 대한사립학교장회(구 대한사립중고등학교장회) 1986 私學 Vol.38 No.-