Fluidized-bed reactor를 이용한 메탄으로부터 합성가스제조

김상범,신기석,박은석,천한진,함현식 한국공업화학회 2002 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2002 No.0

Fluidized-bed reactor를 이용한 메탄으로부터 합성가스제조 김상범·신기석·박은석·천한진·함현식 명지대학교 화학공학과 화학산업에서 합성가스는 중요한 원료로 사용되고 있다. 합성가스를 제조하는 공정은 현재 상업화되어 있는 steam reforming 공정이 있다. 이 공정은 에너지 비용이 많이 들어가는 단점을 안고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 발열반응인 부분산화에 의해 합성가스를 제조하였다. 우선 fixed-bed reactor를 이용하여 활성이 우수한 촉매를 찾고자 하였다. fixed-bed reactor는 반응 중 carbon의 형성이나 촉매의 swelling에 의해 반응기체가 원활히 흐르지 못함에 따른 부작용이 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 부작용을 없앨 수 있는 형태의 반응기로써 fluidized-bed reactor를 이용하여 fixed-bed reactor 에서의 촉매활성과 비교하고자 하였다. 또한 반응의 경로를 알아보기 위하여 pulse 방식으로 반응물을 주입하여 촉매층 상하에서 일어나는 온도변화, O₂-TPD, 반응물과 생성물의 몰수변화 등을 측정하여 반응메카니즘을 규명하고자 하였다.

天文知識의 독점과 규제 : 宋政府의 天文規制措置와 天文敎育을 중심으로

김상범 韓國暻園大學校아시아文化硏究所 中國中央民族大學韓國文化硏究所 2004 亞細亞文化硏究 Vol.8 No.-

在中國早期天文知識的傳遞多透過家學, 可以稱爲‘疇人之學’, 而中央集權的秦漢統一帝國出現之後, 疇人之學逐漸喪失其地位, 轉化爲官方敎育的一部分, 通過徵召·??擧·選任等方式, 廣搜天下擅長天文·曆法的科技人才, 使他們擔任天文官僚. 原來古代主管天文的太史其職責??多, 除了天文工作之外, 尙有(1)祭祀時向神禱告, (2)爲了朝廷的各種典禮選擇吉日良辰, (3)策命諸侯卿大夫, (4)記載史事和編寫史書, (5)起草文件, (6)掌管圖書 等. 可以說“是一個混合宗敎祭祀·卜筮·天文觀測與資料記錄的綜合體. 魏晉南北朝時代以後, 天文觀測和史書編寫的職能逐漸分開, 經過隋唐時代, 天文機構本身所實行的敎育系統也逐漸完整地建立, 硏究和敎育成爲同時業種的兩大目標. 比較宏觀的角度來看, 宋元可謂是司天監的硏究, 敎育系統的完成期. 但是對於這種天文敎育系統制度上的完備, 筆者業不完全肯定, 因爲在此我們不能忽略天文敎育的封閉化現象. 自古以來, 在中國天文知識成爲統治權力的象徵, 歷代統治者爲了壟斷天文知識, 嚴禁天文的私傳私習. 但天文禁止令的效果總是有限的, 隨着時代的推移整個政治社會的結構與風氣讓天文機構本身, 尤其培養天文人才的敎育系統愈來愈顯示出封閉化的趨勢了. 如果本文所見宋朝每位皇帝對私習天文的嚴禁措施以及司天監官吏子弟爲主的試補制度是這種封閉化趨勢的過程, 明淸以後陰陽戶的出現則是天文敎育封閉化趨勢的結果. 這種封閉式敎育, 其敎育效果方面誠然有限制的, 尤其我們考慮本身不太重視專才敎育的社會環境和技術官僚在社會流動上面所受的不平等特遇時, 其結果是更明顯的, 根據淸代阮元在『疇人傳』所做的統計資料, 歷代傑出的曆算家中, 服務於天文機構者只是總人數的一小部分, 從秦到淸平均只有百分之十左右而已. 如果我們承認『疇人傳』所載的學者們具有一定的水平, 則對天文硏究有貢獻的人大多不是司天職的官員, 這就顯示爲封閉性制度所運用的天文敎育的限制.

질소 및 가리 시용량이 버어리종 잎담배의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향

金相範 한국작물학회 1990 Korean journal of crop science Vol.35 No.6

질소와 가리 시용량이 버어리종 잎담배(1988년; Burley 21, 1989년 ; Burley 21과 KB 101)의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 질소 3수준(1988년 ; 17.5, 22.75, 28.0kg/10a, 1989년 ; 12.5, 17.5, 22.5kg/10a), 가리 3수준(1988년 ; 17.5, 35.0, 52.5kg/10a, 1989년 ; 25.0, 35.0, 45.0kg/10a)을 두어 포장에서 시험한 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적심기 생육에 미치는 질소 시용량의 영향은 년차간 변이가 큰 것으로 나타났으며 가리시용량은 적심기 생육에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 질소나 가리 시용량이 생육기간중의 엽중 질소함량에는 비교적 큰 영향을 미쳤으나 가리함량에 미치는 영향은 비교적 작았다. 3. Burley 21에 비하여 KB 101이 다수성이었으며, 질소감비상태에서의 생산성도 높았다. 4. 질소를 22.75kg/10a까지 시용할 때는 수량과 품질이 높아졌으나, 그 이상 시용할때는 수량은 증가되지 않고 품질은 낮아졌다. 5. 가리시용량이나 가리/질소 시용비에 따른 수량, 품질 차이는 크지 않았으나, 가리/질소 시용비가 작을 때는 품질이 다소 낮아졌다 6. 질소시용량이 22.75kg/10a을 초과할 때, 잎담배 수량 및 품질면에서 유리한 점은 없었으며, 가리시용량은 35.0kg/10a이면 충분하며 그 이하로의 감비도 여지가 있을 것으로 생각된다. A field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen and potassium rates on the growing characters, yield and quality of burley tobacco (1988 : Burley 21, 1989: Burley 21 and KB101) during successive two years. The effect of added nitrogen fertilizer on the growth characters at topping stage was different according to growing years. Potassium rate had no effect on the growth characters. The effects of nitrogen and potassium rates on the nitrogen conteut of leaf during growth stage were great, while the effects on the potassium content were not large, relatively. As compared with Burley 21, KB101 showed high yield, and the productivity in nitrogen-reduced condition was high. The yield and quality were increased when nitrogen applied to 22.75kg/l0a, but the yield was not increased and the quality was decreased when nitrogen applied above 22.75kg/l0a. Neither potassium rate nor potassium/nitrogen application ratio had effects on the yield and quality, while the quality was somewhat decreased when potassium/nitrogen ratio was small. When the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.75kg/l0a, there were no advantageous effects on the yield and quality, It is sufficient that the potassium application is about 35.0kg/l0a, and the scheme of reducing of potassium rate may be considerable.

Effect of Caregiver Driven Robot-Assisted In-Ward Training in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Case Series

김상범,이경우,이종화,이숙정,박진기,박주원 대한재활의학회 2018 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.42 No.2

Objective To evaluate the effect of caregiver driven robot-assisted in-ward training in subacute stroke patients. Methods A retrospective evaluation was performed for patients treated with caregiver driven robot-assisted inward training to retain gait function from June 2014 and December 2016. All patients received more than 2 weeks of caregiver driven robot-assisted in-ward training after undergoing conventional programs. The robot was used as a sitting device, a standing frame, or a high-walker depending on functional status of the patient. Patients were evaluated before and after robot training. Patient records were assessed by Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). Results Initially, patients used the robot as a sitting device (n=6), a standing frame (n=7), or a partial body-weight support high-walker (n=2). As patient functions were improved, usage level of the robot was changed to the next level. At the end of the treatment, the robot was used as a sitting device (n=1), a standing frame (n=6), or highwalker (n=8). Scores of K-MBI (D17.47±10.72) and FIM (D19.80±12.34) were improved in all patients. Conclusion Patients’ usage level of the robot and functional scores were improved. Therefore, performing additional caregiver driven robot-assisted in-ward training is feasible and beneficial for subacute stroke patients.

다양한 분야에 매우 유용한 잎맥 구조를 닮은 새로운 다공성 재료

김상범 한국공업화학회 2017 공업화학전망 Vol.20 No.4

사회적 경제로써 스포츠산업의 가치와 가능성

김상범,구강본 한국체육철학회 2017 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.25 No.4

The principle of Korean society’s economic management has been quickly reorganized in the manner of Neo-liberalism prone to the increase of capital profit. As a result, the almighty market principle including a labor market’s flexibility, public sector’s privatization, a nation’s deregulation and the open of domestic market are settled as a dominant principle of social order and side effects like polarization of a social class, deepening of inequality and employment instability have happened. To relieve these side effects, a government recently asserts economic democratization, creative economy, ease of social polarization and job creation as a new topic, and a social economy exists in the core of such discussion. The social economy is a concept which appears as an alternative economic activity to correct harmful effects of a market as the modern capitalism market economy develops. As the social economy is based on the premise that there is possibility of a development focusing on a domestic market and a small business, it can be applied to a sports industry and its positive effects in various aspects like local sports community formation and improvement of inflexible sports culture are expected. Thus, this research explores the relationship of a social economy and a sports industry and discusses values and possibility of a sports industry as a social economy. 한국사회의 경제운영 원리는 자본의 이윤증식에 치우치는 신자유주의적 방식으로 빠른 재편이 이루어졌다. 그 결과 노동시장의 유연화, 공공 부문의 민영화, 국가의 규제완환, 국내 시장 개방 등 시장 만능주의가 사회 질서의 지배적 원리로 자리 잡았으며, 사회계층의 양극화와 불평등 심화, 고용 불안정 등의 부작용이 발생하게 되었다. 최근 정부는 이러한 부작용 완화를 위해 경제민주화, 창조경제, 사회양극화 해소, 좋은 일자리 창출 등을 새로운 화두로 내세우고 있으며, 그러한 논의의 핵심에 사회적 경제가 존재하고 있다. 사회적 경제란 근대 자본주의 시장경제가 발전하면서 시장의 폐해를 시정하는 대안적 경제활동으로서 등장한 개념이다. 사회적 경제는 내수 시장과 소규모 사업을 중심으로 성장할 수 있다는 가능성을 전제로 하기 때문에 스포츠산업 분야에도 적용할 수 있으며, 지역 스포츠 공동체 형성, 경직된 스포츠문화 개선 등 다양한 측면에서 스포츠산업에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 전망된다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 사회적 경제와 스포츠산업의 관계성을 탐색하고 사회적 경제로써 스포츠산업의 가치와 가능성을 논의하였다.

TEG를 이용한 재생불량성 빈혈환자의 술중 응고 관리

김상범,곽호성,백진의 대한마취과학회 1997 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.33 No.4

This case was an acquired aplastic anemia patient who required a major operation for excision of a mediastinal mass. The authors previewed that the coagulation abnormalities would be developed due to major operation. Thus we decided to monitoring the coagulation function using the thromboelastography during the perioperative period and checked the complete blood count, concommitantly. The total blood volume lost during operation was 1800 ml, so we gave him a transfusion of 10 U's of platelet concentrate, 10 U's of pheretic platelet rich plasma and 5 U's of whole blood. The thromboelastography was a good guide that helped us to avoid excessive treatment of the coagulation abnormalities. We concluded that the thromboelastograhy was a reliable and effective monitoring system at the intraoperative coagulation management. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1997; 33: 757∼761)

A Study on the Spatial Composition Principle and Feature of Japanese Garden, ‘Haechang Joojojang(海倉 酒糟醬) in Haenam Jeollanam-do

김상범,윤영석,김덕삼 한국전통조경학회 2011 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.9 No.-

This study aimed at uncovered the spacial features of a Japanese-type garden targeted to “Haechang Joojojang' created by a Japanese in the 1920s and handed down to date, and being used as basic data including the value of the Japanese garden for cultural and spacial recycling and as a modern cultural legacy. The main building of this garden can be found to be a Japanese-style building through the enshrined place, 2 story staircases, the wide window created in all sides, and the sliding doors, and especially, confirmed to be a characteristic structure of Shoinjasaki(書院座敷), which was built in a style of Seoweonjojeongweon architecture. In addition, it is understood that Chuksan(築山) was designed as intended to be seen as a main garden along with the lake from the observer's point of view seen from inside the building. Also Remarkably formal features include creation as a Excursion forest spring type garden looking around with a lank dug and a bridge set up at the center of the garden and introduction of the frint mountain, Hyeongjesan as a background scenery factor. The garden in front of the building starts at the position passing the entry space extending to the main door, and shaping mounding treated Kyotosan to the east is grasped as a visual emphasis, and main motif and concept composing the garden, when the Kyotosan is seen as reflecting ideal relation with human and nature expressed at the garden composed of formative space with 5 mounding treated maintain forms clockwise, and the emotions missing the hometown. Likewise, creating Osan through developing mounding can find out the normative building status of Japanese garden's Chuksan, that is, Seokgasan, which is assumed that it was built based on the Chuksan of Heijoque[平城宮] Doindeien[東院庭園], namely, Doin Garden designated as a world cultural legacy. Also it seems to have pursued the condition of Zen by pressing an ideal world in Buddhism at the garden like introducing a lake at Japanese inherent garden, making and erecting Sumisan in the center. In addition, Haechang Joojojang Garden reveals an ecological planting intention incorporating the aspect as a moss garden, Japanese innate landscape architectural trees and ecological plants' marital harmony.

신경망(神經網) 이론(理論)과 군사체계(軍事體系) 분석(分析)

김상범 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 1998 국방연구 Vol.41 No.2

재식밀도 및 시비량이 버어리종 잎담배의 생육, 수량, 품질 및 질소화합물에 미치는 영향

金相範,韓喆洙,柳益相 韓國作物學會 1987 한국작물학회지 Vol.32 No.1

재식밀도 및 시비량이 버어리종 잎담배의 몇 가지 농경학적, 화학적 형질에 미치는 영향을 3개년 (1982∼84)에 걸쳐 조사 분석하였다. 1. 이식후 40∼60일의 주당엽면적과 엽중, 군낙생장율, 상대생장율, 순동비율은 소식, 증비함에 따라 높아졌으나, 엽면적지수는 소식에 의하여 낮아졌다. 적심기의 잎크기는 소식, 증비수록 커졌고, 탁경은 소식에 의하여 커졌다. 2. 수확엽의 엽면적과 엽면적과 단위엽면적중은 소식, 증비구에서 유의성 있게 높았다. 그러나, 회선곡선상에서 수량제고를 위한 적정재식거리는 105cmx34cm, 복합비료시용량은 263kg/10a로 확정되었다. 3 전알칼로이드 및 전질소함량은 소식, 증비구에서 높은 경향이었으며, 재식거리와 전질소함량, 시비량과 전질소함량간에는 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 4. 농가경제와 질소화합량이 낮은 잎담배 생산을 위하여는 재식거리는 105cmx(35∼40)cm, 시비량은 227.5kg/10a이 유리하였다. Under the different conditions of planting density and compound fertilizer level, some agronomic and chemical characteristics of burley tobacco were investigated from 1982 to 1984. Leaf area and dry leaf weight per plant, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate for 40-60 days after transplanting were higher with increasing plant spacing and fertilizer, but leaf area index was lower with increasing plant spacing. At topping stage, the leaf size was increased with increasing plant spacing and amount of fertilizer applied and the stem diameter was increased by increasing plant spacing. Leaf area, leaf weight per plant and weight per unit leaf area of harvested leaf were higher when plant spacing and fertilizer increased. It was estimated that the optimum plant spacing was 105cm x 34cm and level of com-pound fertilizer (N-P2 O~sub 5/ -K2 O =10-10-20) was 263kg/l0a for high yield. There were trends toward increase the contents of total alkaloid and total nitrogen with increasing plant spacing and fertilizer application. There was significant positive correlation between plant spacing and total nitrogen, and between fertilizer application and total nitrogen. The plant spacing of 105cm x 35 to 40cm and 227.5kg/l0a of fertilizer level may be profitable for farm economy and the low nitrogenous leaf.