대기오염에 의한 치과위생사의 자각증상 특성

지동하,최미숙,손부순,Ji, Dong-Ha,Choi, Mi-Suk,Son, Bu-Soon 대한환경위생공학회 2007 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.22 No.2

This research is based on self-filling survey which 656 dental hygienists who work in, seoul, the metropolitan area, jeon-buk area participated on July 2006 through August 2006. This survey was analyzed the relationship between the subjective symptoms(6 types) and outdoor air quality($O_3,\;NO_2,\;CO,\;SO_2,\;PM_{10}$) As follows analyzed results. The health condition of dental hygienists were "Feel Good" more than 50% in last month. The experience the symptoms level is higher then non-experience level in "Dry eye, itch, smarting", "Headaches", "Fatigue and sleepiness", "Red eye", "Hypersensitivity", "Dorsalgia, omarthralgia, cervicodynia". We anticipated that the more experience the subjective symptom the more likely it is that outdoor air quality will be high rate level. But we could not find the uniformity in metropolitan-area and seoul-area. In the case of jeonbuk area, the group's pollution density levels which experienced the subjective symptom were appeared high rate than inexperienced group except $SO_2$. It probably comes from sensibility for an air pollution in this area. Dental hygienists who work in jeonbuk area have an unusual sensibility for an air pollution because outdoor air quality of jeonbuk area was rule good rather than others area. especially $SO_2$ was revealed out even though low rate level in inexperienced group it is that the number of cars in jeonbuk area is increasing rapidly.

A Spatial Analysis of the Causal Factors Influencing China’s Air Pollution

김유미,Katsuya Tanaka,Xinxin Zhang 한국대기환경학회 2017 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.11 No.3

This study investigates the factors that affect China’s air pollution using city-level panel data and spatial econometric models. We address three air pollutants (PM10, SO2, and NO2) present in 30 cities in China between 2004-2012 using global OLS and spatial models. To develop the spatial econometric analysis, we create a spatial weights matrix to define spatial patterns based on two neighborhood criteria-the queen contiguity and k nearest neighbors. The results show that the estimated coefficients are relatively consistent across different spatial weight criteria. The OLS models indicate that the effect of green spaces is statistically significant in decreasing the concentrations of all air pollutants. In the PM10 and SO2 analyses, the OLS models find that the number of buses and population density are also positively related to a reduction in the concentration of air pollutants. In addition, an increase in the temperature and the presence of secondary industries increase SO2 and NO2 concentrations, respectively. All spatial models capture a positive and significant effect of green spaces on reducing the concentration of each air pollutant. Our results suggest that green spaces in cities should receive priority consideration in local planning aimed at sustainable development. Furthermore, policymakers need to be able to discern the differences among pollutants when establishing environmental policies.

교통사고와 대기오염이 거주민의 주거환경 만족도에 미친 영향

안용진(Ahn, Yong-Jin) 한국지역개발학회 2015 한국지역개발학회 세미나 논문집 Vol.2015 No.3

Although previous studies have often discussed the role of local environments(e.g., the access to park area and other local amenities), empirical evidence on the influence of risk factors is still insufficient. Employing public datasets of Seoul, this study quantifies the negative impact of traffic incidents and air-pollution on residential satisfaction. To test hypothesis in this study, multi-year datasets (2010-2014) are finally merged: one is Seoul survey data which include residential satisfaction and other demo-socio-economic characteristics at the individual/household level; and the others is various spatial datasets which display local environmental characteristics such as traffic incidents, air-pollution, and fiscal self-reliance ratio. Multilevel analysis is used for statistical inference to correctly address nested data structures. The results showed that most variables at the individual/household- and local level were significantly associated with residential satisfaction. More specifically, among the local environmental variables, fiscal self-reliance ratio (p<0.05) and social environmental satisfaction (p<0.01) revealed the positive influence. However, as expected, the percent of traffic incident hot-spot area (p<0.1), O3 (p<0.05), CO(p<0.01), PM10 (p<0.01) indicated the negative influence on residential satisfaction. Based on those findings, policy strategies for traffic safety and environmental management mitigating the risk of traffic incidents and the exposure to air-pollution in daily living space can be conceived as an effective way which might be able to practically contribute to improving the level of residential satisfaction.

A Review Study on Ozone Phytotoxicity Metrics for Setting Critical Levels in Asia

Evgenios Agathokleous,Mitsutoshi Kitao,Yoshiyuki Kinose 한국대기환경학회 2018 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.12 No.1

Ground-level ozone (O3) can be a menace for vegetation, especially in Asia where O3 levels have been dramatically increased over the past decades. To ensure food security and maintain forest ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and functional diversity of soil biota, in the over-populated Asia, environmental standards are needed. To set proper standards, dose-response relationships should be established from which critical levels are derived. The predictor of the response in the dose-response relationship is an O3 metric that indicates the dose level to which the plant has been exposed. This study aimed to review the relevant scientific literature and summarize the O3 metrics used worldwide to provide insights for Asia. A variety of O3 metrics have been used, for which we discuss their strengths and weaknesses. The most widely used metrics are based only on O3 levels. Such metrics have been adopted by several regulatory agencies in the global. However, they are biologically irrelevant because they ignore the plant physiological capacity. Adopting AOT40 (O3 mixing ratios Accumulated Over the Threshold of 40 nmol mol-1) as the default index for setting critical levels in Asia would be a poor policy with severe consequences at national and Pan-Asian level. Asian studies should focus on flux-based O3 metrics to provide relevant bases for developing proper standards. However, given the technical requirements in calculating flux-based O3 metrics, which can be an important limitation in developing countries, no-threshold cumulative exposure indices like AOT0 should always accompany flux-based indices.

대기오염도의 공간적 분포 변화 분석 : 수도권 지역을 대상으로

권오상,안동환,김원희 한국환경경제학회 한국자원경제학회 2004 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 수도권지역 대기오염 측정망의 오염물질별 연평균 오염도 측정치를 이용하여 최근 10년간의 수도권내 대기오염도의 공간적 분포 및 그 변화를 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 커널확률밀도함수를 추정하고, 또한 지니계수와 엔트로피계열의 불평등지수를 계측하였으며, 분석기간중 오염도의 공간적 분포 변화에 대한 통계적 검정을 실시하였다. 분석결과 최근 10년간 수도권 지역의 SO₂, NO₂, O₃와 CO등 대기오염물질 오염도의 지역격차는 대체로 일정한 수준을 유지하거나 아니면 완화되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 순위상관 분석 결과 분석기간 중 오염물질의 공간적 분포에 상당한 정도의 동태적 변화가 있었던 것으로 나타났다. This study investigates the spatial distributions of the ambient levels of air pollutants(SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO, and PM) in Seoul metropolitan area using the data obtained by the air pollution observation stations. This study estimated a non-parametric kernel density function and two types of inequality indices, Gini and Entropy. Our estimation results show that the degree of inequality in spatial distribution of air pollution, in general, tends to be stable or slightly decreasing for the period of 199O~ 2001. In addition, we found that there are significant dynamics of air pollutionlevels in terms of spatial rankings.

대기오염에 대한 객관적 농도와 지역사회에 대한 주관적 인식이 행복에 미치는 영향 - 인천광역시를 중심으로 -

박보은(Park Bo-eun),정선영(Jung Sun-young) 인천대학교 인천학연구원 2020 인천학연구 Vol.33 No.-

본 연구는 인천광역시를 중심으로 개인적 요인과 지역적 요인 모두를 고려한 다층모형 분석을 통해 대기오염의 객관적 농도와 주관적 인식이 인천 시민의 행복에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2019년 인천광역시에서 조사한 ‘인천사회지표조사’ 자료 및 한국환경공단 ‘에어코리아’에서 측정한 주요 대기오염물질 6가지(PM10, PM2.5, NO₂, SO₂, CO, O₃)의 2019년 자료를 활용하여 기술통계, 상관관계분석, 다수준분석(Multilevel Analysis)을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 개인수준 변수는 연령이 낮을수록, 학력이 높을수록, 가구소득이 높을수록 행복감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 지역수준 변수는 대기환경에 대한 주관적 인식이 높을수록, 지역사회 소속감이 높을수록, 이웃간 소통이 잘 될수록 행복감이 더 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 개인수준 변수와 지역수준 변수를 모두 고려한 모형3에서는 대기오염 물질의 객관적 농도가 행복감에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 사회적 이슈가 되고 있는 미세먼지(PM10) 농도가 높을수록 행복감은 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 지역수준 변수에서는 생활환경만족도(대기환경)가 높을수록(β=.5370, p<.001), 지역사회 소속감이 높을수록(β=.5858, p<.001), 이웃간 소통이 잘 될수록(β=.3558, p<.001) 행복감이 높은 경향을 보여, 지역수준 변수가 정적(+) 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타나 시민의 행복에 있어 지역사회의 역할이 매우 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 추후 연구방향을 제시하고, 인천광역시 시민들의 행복감 향상을 위해 사회복지정책과 환경정책 수립의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. This study examined the effects of objective concentration and subjective perception of air pollution on happiness, mainly in Incheon. For this, it used the data from social indicators of Incheon and using the data of six major air pollutants(PM10, PM2.5, NO₂, SO₂, CO, O₃) measured by the Korea Environment Corporation ‘Air Korea’ in 2019. The main research results are as follows. The individual level variables showed that the lower the age, the higher the educational background, and the higher the household income, the higher the happiness. The regional level variables showed that the higher the subjective perception of the atmospheric environment, the higher the sense of belonging to the community, and the better the communication between neighbors, the higher the happiness. Finally, which considered both individual and regional level variables, it was found that the objective concentration of air pollutants had a statistically significant effect on happiness. In particular, the higher concentration of fine dust(PM10) tended to decrease happiness. Also, the higher the living environment satisfaction level(β=.5370, p<.001), the higher the sense of belonging to the community(β=.5858, p<.001), and the better communication between neighbors(β=.3558, p<.001) showed a high tendency of happiness. Based on these findings, this study suggested directions for future research and the basic data for establishing social welfare policies and environmental policies to improve the happiness of citizens in Incheon.

Measurements on Stationary Source Emissions and Assessing Impact on Ambient Air Quality around Two Indian Refineries

Deepanjan Majumdar,Anil Bhanarkar,Ashok Gangadhar Gavane,Chalapati Rao 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.2

Emissions of particulate matter (PM), SO2 and NO2 from stationary sources and their concentration along with benzene and CO in ambient air around two Indian refineries were studied. Prediction of ground level concentration (GLC) of SO2, NO2 and PM was made by dispersion modeling. In Refinery 1, highest SO2 emission (646 mg Nm-3) were detected in Sulphur Recovery Unit while NOx emissions ranged from 57.8 to 445.0 mg Nm-3, respectively from various units. In Refinery 2, highest SO2 emission (935 mg Nm-3) was observed from Utility Boiler while NO2 emissions ranged from 13 to 235 mg Nm-3. Above emissions were within the stipulated emission standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board of India. Further, ambient concentrations of the above in the vicinity of these refineries were below their prescribed national ambient air quality standards. Air quality in terms of air quality index (AQI) was moderate or good at the study sites. Dispersion modelling exercise indicated that the observed GLC of SO2 and NO2 could be reasonably predicted by ISC-AERMOD model for both refineries while there was moderate to substantial difference between observed and modeled PM values due to presence of several sources of particulate emissions in the region that could not be considered in the model.

한국과 일본의 환경대기 중 폴리염화비페닐(PCB)의 농도수준 및 발생원 해석에 관한 연구

김경수(Kyoung Soo Kim),송병주(Byung Joo Song),김종국(Jong Guk Kim),김교근(Kyeo Keun Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2005 대한환경공학회지 Vol.27 No.2

산불 발생이 주변 대기질에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해

강유진,최현영,김예진,임정호 한국대기환경학회 2024 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.40 No.1

In 2022, significant large fire events occurred in Uljin and Gangneung, resulting in a damaged area exceeding 23,000 ha. Large forest fires release substantial amounts of air pollutants into the atmosphere, leading to a significant degradation of air quality. Therefore, it is imperative to analyze the consequences of forest fires to assess their impact on the surrounding environment. This study aims to investigate various substances emitted during the Uljin and Gangneung forest fires and enhance our understanding of their effects on the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface. To accomplish this goal, this study leverages satellite data, numerical weather models, and ground-level in-situ observations. The impact on the ground is influenced by a combined effect of multiple factors such as meteorological conditions and topography. Among these factors, the direction and speed of the wind, as well as the height of the atmospheric boundary layer, were the most significant. Specifically, while wind plays a crucial role in the transport of air pollutants, ground-level concentrations are heavily dependent on the height of the planetary boundary layer. Consequently, a diurnal cycle is observed instead of a continuous high concentration. In addition, an inverse relationship between NO2 and O3 concentrations was identified, attributed to the dramatic increase in NO2 levels and the effects of photochemical reactions.

공동주택의 수직 높이에 따른 실내 라돈 농도 비교

김선동,이병희,전주영 한국건축친환경설비학회 2021 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.6

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas which may be found in high concentrations in indoor environments, such as homes and workplaces. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in indoor radon pollution level by floor based on the indoor radon concentration in a residential building. To achieve the objective, residential units in domestic apartment complexes were divided into lower, middle, and upper floors, and the indoor radon concen- tration for each group was measured and compared by using E-PERM and RAD7. During the measurement period, natural ventilation was performed using passive ventilation devices, and experimental errors were minimized by conducting a measuring environment without occupants in the residential unit. As a result of comparing the indoor radon concentration by floor level in a residential building, it was found that the average indoor radon concentration in the upper floors was higher than the average indoor radon concentration in the lower or middle floors. And it was found that the indoor radon concentration in the lower and middle floors gradually increased, while the indoor radon concentration in the upper floors increased or decreased.