조선소 용접공진폐증의 발생에 관련된 요인 분석

손혜숙,최성룡,유영진,이채언 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

부산지역조선소에 근무하는 547명의 용접공을 대상으로 용접공진폐증의 유소견율을 작업부서, 용접기간, 용접시작 년도, 연령과 마스크사용에 따라 비교하였다. 전체 용접공진폐증의 유소견율은 7.9%로 동지역에서 1989년 조사된 유소견율 8.9%보다 낮았다. 용접공진폐증의 유소견율은 용접작업기간이 길수록, 작업시작년동가 빠를수록, 마스크를 사용하지 않은군에서 통계적으로 유의하여 높게 관찰되어 용접공진폐증의 발생에 용접작업기간, 환경개선정도와 마스크사용의 영향을 미치는 인자로 관찰되었다. 이들 인자중 용접기간 5-9년군이 5년 이하군에 대하여, 1975년 이전 용접시작군, 1976-81년 용접시작군이 1982년 이후 시작군에 대한 odds ratio가 각 각 5.98, 8,8과 12.38였다. 용접공진폐증자 37명의 방사선사진은 과거와 비교한 결과 진행된 예는 없었으며, 10명은 변화가 없었다. 비진폐군에 비하여 용접공진폐군에서 결핵유병율이 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서 조선소에서 발생하는 용접공진폐증은 환경개선 및 보호구의 적절한 착용 등으로 발생을 예방하는 것이 가능하고, 발생된 경우라도 역시 적절한 관리에 의해 호전되므로, 조선조 용접공 진폐증은 타 진폐증과는 구분 관리되어야 할 것이다. 즉 조선소 용접공진폐증의 발생을 예방하기 위하여 지속적인 법적규제와 근로자 개인에 대한 보호구 사용의 필요성 및 올바른 보호구 사용에 대한 교육이 필요하겠으며, 발생한 용접공진폐증은 즉각적인 작업부서전환보다는 진폐증이 발생한 부서의 환경개선을 고려함과 동시에 진폐발생자에게 보호구착용 등을 지도하면서 추적 관리를 하여야 할 것이다. Pneumoconiosis is one of the most important occupational disease in Korea. In Pusan, most of pneumoconiosis is welders' pneumoconiosis developed in shipyard. With clinical(including interview with every patients) and radiological(chest radiographs) methods, author purposed to know the factors related to the concept for health care(management) of shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis was calculated by the means of reading of chest radiographs of 547 shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis(including suspected pneumoconiosis, category 0/1) was 7.9%. It was lower than that (8.9%) in same area studied in 1989. Prevalence rate increased as total welding duration increased and the welding work began early. It was higher in welders who did not use antidust mask. Probability of the occurrence of welder's pneumoconiosis was related with the time that the welder began welding work. sixteen cases among the 37 who were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis returned normal in the follow-up chest radiographs. There was no case aggrevated. The pertinent management for the personnels and their working environment contributed to the decrease of incidence of the welders' pneumoconiosis and the improvement of the disease. Tp prevent the occurrence of the pneumoconiosis in shipyard welders, it seems to be necessary for the company to be supervised under the any legislation, and to educate the welder to use the protective apparatus. It is suggested that considerate and continuous observation under the adequate management is preferable to the immediate conversion of the working department for the pneumoconiotic welders.

용접공들의 망간 폭로와 건강장해에 관한 연구

문덕환,강동묵,손병철 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : In order to evaluate the degree of manganese exposure and its health hazards effect on welders in manufacturing industry. Methods : The author measured airborne, blood and urine concentrations of manganese and blood chemistry, and also observed clinical symptoms and signs on 60 welders for case and 60 non-welders for control working in manufacturing industry by age maching method. Results : The geometric means of blood and urine concentrations of manganese were 1.13±1.38 ㎍/㎗ and 2.52±1.37㎍/ℓ for Welders group, 1.09±1.68 ㎍/㎗ and 1.86±1.34 ㎍/ℓ for Non-welders group. Airborne concentration of manganese was 0.15±1.66㎎/㎥ for exposured group, and the urinary mean concentration of manganese was statistically significant difference between exposured and non-welders group (P<0.05). Clinical signs in welders group were palmomentle reflex(23.3%), tremor(20.0%) and grabellar sign(5.0%). Symptoms in welders group were fatigue(66.7%), amnesia(66,7%), excessive sweating(51.7%), nervousness(51.7%), general weakness(48.3%) and arthralgia(46.7%) and so on, and there was statistically significant difference compared to non-welders group(P<0.05). Manganese effects on blood chemistry were not observed. There were statistically significant correlation between manganese concent- ration in blood and urine(r=0.269), airborne and urine(r=0.601) and airborne and blood(r=0.268). Conclusion : The author suggest that further studies are followed to evaluate the health status of welders whose blood and urine manganese concentrations were below normal reference level, and to establish the questionnaire and the diagnostic tools for early detecting the chronic manganese poisioning on welders.

Morbidity patterns among the welders of eastern Nepal

Shyam Sundar Budhathoki,Suman Bahadur Singh,Surya Raj Niraula,Paras K. Pokharel 대한직업환경의학회 2016 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.28 No.-

Background: Welding process has many hazards that the welders are exposed to resulting in numbers of health effects and diseases. Safety measures and practices among welders are important ways of preventing or reducing the health hazards associated with this occupation. We conducted this study to find out the morbidity patterns among the welders working in eastern Nepal. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 300 welders using semi structured questionnaire. Morbidity categories were classified based on symptoms experienced in past 6 months. Results: All the welders learned welding by apprenticeship, without any formal health and safety training. Injury was the most common problem at work followed by skin problems and eye symptoms. Age of the welders, duration of employment & welding hours per day were associated with the morbidities among the welders. Conclusions: There is a need for occupational health services for welders in Nepal. While further research may be required to make policy recommendations, the current study provides a baseline morbidity burden among these welders to look for interventions to promote health and safety at work for this neglected group of workers in Nepal.

용접공들의 면역능에 관한 연구

이수일,조봉수,김영욱,고광욱,조원근,김영실,강수용,황인경,조병만,김돈균 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The authors examined human immunity indicators such as CD4, CD8, Natural Killer(NK) cell, IgG, IgA, and IgM, and heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd to evaluate the health hazard of welders. We selected total 126 male subjects, 60 welders who had more than 5 year working history as an exposure group, and 66 office workers and medical college students as a control group. This immunity evaluation approach is the first newly designed study that has never been tried in past studies on welder's heath evaluation. And the results were as follows. 1. Total lymphocyte count of peripheral blood was significantly higher in welder group, 2,615±650 ea/㎕ compared with 2,368±681 ea/㎕ in control group(p>0.05). 2. The proportion of CD4, CD8, NK cell in welder group was 37.5±9.4%, 24.0±8.8%, and 21.0±9.5%, respectively, and 35.5±6.5%, 25.0±6.9%, and 19.6±8.8% in control group. CD4 and NK cell were slightly higher, and CD8 was slightly lower in welder group. but there was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 3. IgG, IgA, and IgM in welder group were 15.9㎎/㎗, 2.7㎎/㎗ and 1.5㎎/㎗, respectively, and 15.6㎎/㎗, 2.9㎎/㎗ and 1.7㎎/㎗ in control group. There was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 4. Blood lead, cadmium and chromium concentrations were 4.2±1.8㎍/㎗, 0.4±0.38㎍/㎗, 1.2±0.6㎍/㎗ in welder group and 3.2±1.7㎍/㎗, 0.44±0.29㎍/㎗, 1.1±0.6㎍/㎗ in control group, respectively, and these value were within normal ranges.

자동차공장 용접공의 망간폭로와 신경행동기능의 관련성

사공준,정종학,성낙정,이중정,박종태,김대성 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

목 적 : 저농도의 망간폭로가 용접작업자의 충추신 경계에 미치는 영향과 망간의 폭로수준 및 생물학적 지표와 신경행동기능과의 관련성을 평가하기 위하여 자동차공장에서 하루 한시간 이상의 용접작업을 하는 용접공 49명과 연령과 교육수준을 짝짓기한 대조군 49명을 대상으로 단면조사연구를 수행하였다. 방 법 : 두 군의 인구학적 변수, 작업관련 변수를 조사하고 용접공의 용접 작업경력, 작업량, 용접의 종류, 호흡기 보호구의 착용여부, 취급하는 유해물질의 유무를 면접을 통하여 조사하고 망간흄 농도와 혈중 망간농도를 측정하고 누적폭로지수를 산출하였다. 신경행동검사로는 SPES중 단순반응시간, 부호숫자 짝짓기, 숫자 외우기 및 손가락 두드리기를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 단순반응시간과 부호숫자 짝짓기의 평균반응시간과 숫자 외우기의 외운 숫자의 길이는 두군에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 손가락 두드리기에서 양손 모두에서 용접공의 두드린 횟수가 적었으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 손가락 두드리기의 두드린 횟수가 용접기간이 길수록, 하루에 수행하는 용접작업시간이 길수록 적었으며 피복아크용접을 주로 하는 용접공의 신경행동 기능이 다른 용접작업을 하는 군에 비해, 호흡기 개인보호구를 착용하지 않는 군이 착용하는 군에 비해 신경행동기능이 낮았다. 망간흄 농도가 0.02 mg/m3 이상인 군에 비해 0.01 mg/m3 이하인 군이, 혈중 망간농도 1.00 ㎍/dl 이상군에 비해 0.99 ㎍/dl 이하의 군이, 누적폭로지수 0.05 이상의 군에 비해 0.04이하의 군에서 신경행동검사 성적이 낮았다. 결 론 : 자동차 공장 용접공은 대조군에 비하여 신경행동기능이 차이가 유의하지는 않았으며, 신경행동검사 항목 중 지속적인 빠른 속도의 운동능력을 요구하는 손가락 두드리기가 용접공의 신경행동기능의 저하를 민감하게 반영하는 것으로 추정된다. Objectives . A cross sectional study was carried out in the welders exposed to manganese and control group. The aim of this study was to assess the adverse effects of manganese on central nervous system of welders. Methods : The study group consisted of 49 welders and the reference group, 49 workers matched with welders for age and educational level In automobile manufacturing company. Concentration of manganese in welding huge, in blood, and cumulative exposure index (CEI) were determined for each subject. For each group, computerized neurobehavioral test including Simple Reaction Time, Digit Symbol, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed of Swedish Performance Evaluation System were applied. Results : Exposure level of manganese in welders were very low (mean CEI, 0.069) . Welders exposed to manganese had slower response speed, slower motor steadiness, and shorter memory span than control group. But these differences were not statistically sign nificant. The performance of Finger Tapping Speed tended to lower as environmental and biological exposure index got higher, Other neurobehavioral tests were found to have a little association with the exposure indices. Conclusions . There was no significant difference of neurobehavioral performance between welders and control group. This study indicates that Finger Tapping Speed mea suring motor steadiness might be a one of useful tests for early detection of adverse effects of welding on central nervous system.

A Study on the Measuring Method of Work Parameters to Evaluate the Skill of FCAW Welding Trainee

Woo Hyeon Ju,Hyeong Chang Ryu,Kyeong Seob Lim,Sang-Myung Cho 대한용접·접합학회 2020 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.38 No.3

On industrial sites, FCAW is mostly performed by welders. In general, welder functional level evaluation is performed based on the appearance and mechanical testing of beads after welding. However, the actual welding quality obtained in the field is determined by the fluctuating characteristics of the working variables, depending on the welder’s skill. Therefore, with trainees, a rating system is needed to evaluate proficiency by measuring work parameters. In this study, two welding cameras were used to measure the work parameters of a welder who performed FCAW semi-automatic welding using CO₂ gas. A method of grading the welder’s proficiency by analyzing the average and standard deviation of work parameters, taking into account the important factors that affect weld quality, is presented. For Trainee to develop a desire to grow on their own, a method of grading proficiency was proposed using the changing characteristics of the work variables rather than the welding results.

A Study on the Measuring Method of Work Parameters to Evaluate the Skill of FCAW Welding Trainee

주우현,Ryu Hyeong Chang,Lim Kyeong Seob,조상명 대한용접접합학회 2020 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.38 No.3

On industrial sites, FCAW is mostly performed by welders. In general, welder functional level evaluation is per�formed based on the appearance and mechanical testing of beads after welding. However, the actual welding quality obtained in the field is determined by the fluctuating characteristics of the working variables, depending on the welder’s skill. Therefore, with trainees, a rating system is needed to evaluate proficiency by measuring work parameters. In this study, two welding cameras were used to measure the work parameters of a welder who per�formed FCAW semi-automatic welding using CO2 gas. A method of grading the welder’s proficiency by analyzing the average and standard deviation of work parameters, taking into account the important factors that affect weld quality, is presented. For Trainee to develop a desire to grow on their own, a method of grading proficiency was pro�posed using the changing characteristics of the work variables rather than the welding results.

전압손실 보상용 CO2 인버터 용접기 콘트롤라 개발

배종일 한국기계가공학회 2005 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.4 No.4

In a CO2 inverter welding machine, stable arcs can be generated and a welding performance that is a goal of welding can be improved when stable electric power with a low voltage and a high current is supplied to a electrode that is the secondary part (output load terminal) and the base metal. For such a stable power supply, therefore, the AC arc welding machine, the thyristor welder, and the inverter welder have been developed in order according to development of the power electronics techniques. Up to now, the thyristor welding machine is still broadly used but the application volume is gradually reduced by development of the inverter welder. Because the welding performance of the inverter welder is very good and the weight and size of the welder is remarkably light and small. The final goal of this research is to develop the voltage loss compensator that is a drawback of the inverter welder and improve the welding performance using the developed compensator.

용접공진폐증 집단검진을 위한 단순 흉부방사선 촬영과 고해상 흉부전산화 단층촬영의 진단적 의의

강정학,전진호,구혜원,고광수,유병철,손혜숙,이종태,이채언,김건일,최석진,Kang, J.H.,Chun, J.H.,Gu, H.W.,Ko, K.S.,Yu, B.C.,Sohn, H.S.,Lee, J.T.,Lee, C.U.,Kim, K.I.,Choi, S.J. 대한예방의학회 1996 예방의학회지 Vol.29 No.4

Pneumoconiosis is one of the major problem in the field of occupational health at Korea. Therefore, the efficient diagnosis of pneumoconiosis is a hot issue on the occupational health program. The author executed this study to estimate the diagnostic value of high resolution computed tomography(HRCT) compared with chest radiography for screening of welder's lung. HRCT was introduced very recently for the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, however, the diagnostic value for screening of welder's lung - principally nonfibrogenic and reversible - has not been evaluated. The subjects were fifty cases of welder's lung or suspected cases who had been collected between 1989 and 1994 from one shipyard and continuously followed-up on the basis of in-plant periodic health check program. We applied both chest radiography and HRCT on the same subjects from May 1 to 30, 1996. The images were evaluated by two careered radiologists independently. The findings of chest radiography were classified into four category by ILO classification, and the findings of HRCT according to the criteria of Bergin et al. The concordance between two radiologists expressed with Kendall's tau-b was 0.72 by chest radiography and 0.44 by HRCT- that is, interobserver variation of HRCT was bigger than that of chest radiography. The concordance between the two different methods was highly variable as 0.44 by radiologist A and 0.06 by radiologist B - that is, interobserver variation was very big. However, HRCT looked more detectable for the minor parenchymal change. These findings suggested that it is not appropriate to use HRCT routinely for screening of welder's lung due to lack of diagnostic criteria, and feasibility, acceptability and economic aspects. Nevertheless, HRCT might be recommendable in the case of equivocal parenchymal features on the chest radiography, unexplained respiratory symptoms, and/or lung function abnormalities suggestive of interstitial fibrosis.

용접 근로자의 혈액상 변화

유철인,이지호,강정학,이헌,이충렬,Yoo, Cheol-In,Lee, Ji-Ho,Kang, Jeong-Hak,Lee, Hun,Lee, Choong-Ryeol 대한예방의학회 1999 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.32 No.2

Objectives: To ascertain whether some result of hematological examination could be as reference data for health management of welders. Method: The authors conducted the hematological examination of 1,018 welders and 531 control workers of a shipbuilding industry in Ulsan using automatic blood analyzer. Results: The WBC count of welders was lower than that of control on controlling the age and the duration of employment, but changes of other blood cells were not observed. Conclusion: We could use the results of hematological examination such as WBC counts as an indicator for subtle changes of health status of welders.