산업보건에서도 정도보증제를 도입하자

문덕환,Mun, Deok-Hwan 대한산업보건협회 2006 산업보건 Vol.220 No.-

가스 크로마토그래피를 이용한 복합유기용제으 분리조건에 관한 연구

문덕환,이채언,김종갑,유영진,한용수,조규일,박헌인 인제대학교 1994 仁濟醫學 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구는 신발제조업, 페인트 제조업에서 주로 사용하는 23종(벤젠, 톨루엔 등)의 복합 유기용제를 대상으로 Gas Chromatography를 이용한 분리조건을 검정함으로써 산업 장에서의 작업환경을 보다 정확히 파악하게 할 뿐만 아니라 이를 취급하는 근로자들의 직업병 예방 뿐만 아니라 이들 분야의 기초자료를 얻고자 연구를 하였다. 가스 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 불꽃이온검출기(FID)로 검출온도 및 주입구의 온도를 변화시키면서 Capillary OV-1 컬럼을 이용한 가장 좋은 분리를 나타낸 조건은 컬럼온도가 35℃-150℃(6min Hold, 5℃/min) 조건으로 점진적인 변화를 시키면서 검출기 및 주입구의 온도가 250℃인 경우였으며, 압력은 0.41kg/cm2이었다. In order to described for the separate and the determination of concentration of 23 organic solvents (benzene, toluene, MEK, et al.) which is used extensively as solvents in the chemical industry, using gas chromatography(FID) with capillary column OV-1. The best analysis conditions were as follows : Gas Chromatography(GC) setting were the detector and the injector temperature 250℃. The temperature of column oven was initially 35℃, hold 6 min and then increased to 150℃ at 5℃/min. Inlet pressure of the carrier gas was 0.41kg/cm2.

부산지역 일부 제조업 산업장의 작업공정별 분진농도

문덕환,김국규,황용식,강동묵,박명희,손병철,김정원,이채언 인제대학교 2001 仁濟醫學 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data to improve the working environment and prevent the occupational disease due to dust in the manufacturing industry. Materials and Methods: The authors measured the levels of dust in 123 factories in Pusan area according to the types of industry and the working process from Jan. 1st 1998 to Dec. 31st 1998. Results: 2.05±1.20mg/m3 was the mean concentration of the 1st class dust in manufacture of fabricated metal products, which exceeded the threshold limit value, 2.00 mg/m3 . 3.55±3.23 mg/m3 was dust in manufacture of the highest mean concentration of the 2nd class other transport equipment, 3.04±1.83 mg/m3 was that of the 3rd class dust in manufacture of furniture (manufacturing not especially classified). And these values were within their own threshold limit values. Conclusions: The mean concentrations of 1st class dust according to the working process were 4.81 mg/m3 for crushing, 2.64 mg/m3 for foaming, 2.57±1.16 mg/m3 for grinding, 2.57 mg/m3 for melting. 4.16 mg/m3 for sand removing in basic metal product manufacturing industry, and 2.05 mg/m3 for drilling in manufacture of fabricated metal products. The mean concentrations of the 2nd class dust according to the working process were 10.11mg/m3 for shooting, 6.26 mg/m3 for drilling, and 8.10 mg/m3 for filling in manufacture of other transport equipment, and all of them exceeded threshold limit value.

부산지역 일부 제조업 산업장의 작업공정별 공기중 특정 화학물질의 농도

문덕환,김정호 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1

특정 화학물질의 업종별, 작업공정별 사용 실태와 농도를 파악하기 위하여 부산시내 신평ㆍ장림공단에 소재하는 171개 사업장, 14개 업종, 29개 공정을 대상으로 특정화학물질인 암모니아(ammonia), 포름알데하이드(formaldehyde), 염화수소(hydrogen chloride), 디페닐메탄 디이소시아나이트(MDI), 페놀(phenol), 톨루엔-2, 4-디이소시아네이트(2,4-TDI) 및 황산(sulfuric acid)의 기중 농도를 1996년 1월 1일에서 1997년 12월 31일까지 2년 동안 측정하여 정량 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 암모니아, 염화수소, 페놀, 톨루엔-2, 4-디이소시아네이트에서는 허용농도를 초과하지 않았고, 포름알데하이드에서는 목재 및 나무제품 제조업(가구제외)의 샌딩공정에서 허용농도에 근접하는 비교적 높은 농도를 보였고, 황산에서는 조립 금속제품 제조업(기계 및 장비제외)의 수세공정에서, 디페닐메탄 디이소시아네이트에서는 가죽, 가방, 마구류 및 신발 제조업, 화합물 및 화학제품 제조업, 제1차 금속산업, 조립금속제품 제조업(기계 및 장비 제외), 자동차 및 트레일러 제조업의 발포공정에서 허용농도를 초과하였으므로 이들 공정에 대한 작업환경 관리가 특별히 요망된다고 사료된다. This survey was conducted to assess the status of the use of the specific chemical substances classified by types of working precess and industry. The subjected industry which dealed wish ammonia, formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), phenel, toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate(2,4-TDI) and sulfuric acid was located in Sinpyeong-Jangrim industrial complex of Pusan area. The study period was from Jan. 1. 1996 to Dec. 31. 1997. The results were as follows ; Geometric mean concentration of ammonia, hydrogen chloride, phenol, 2,4-TDI in ambient air did not exceed the threshold limit values in all samples. Geometric mean concentration of formaldehyde was close to the threshold limit value in sanding process of manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork (except furniture) industry. Geometric mean concentration in ambient air at breathing zone exceeded limit value in washing process of manufacture of fabricated metal products industry (except machinery and equipment) for sulfuric acid, forming process of tanning and dressing of leather industry (manufacture of luggage, handbag, saddlery harness and footwear), manufacture of chemicals and chemical products industry, manufacture of basic metals industry, manufacture of fabricated metal produces industry (except machinery and equipment), manufacture of motor vehicle industry, trailers and semi-trailers industry for MDI. A special attention to the management of working environment would be need to sulfuric acid and MDI in over-exposed working process.

중금속 취급 사업장의 업종별 공정별 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

문덕환,박명희 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1

부산지역 제조업 산업장 가운데 중금속을 취급하는 151개 사업장을 대상으로 업종별, 공정별 공기 중 유해 중금속의 종류와 그 정도를 파악함으로써 산업장 내의 체계적인 작업 환경 관리 계획 및 수행에 도움이 되게 할 뿐 아니라 각 업종과 공정에서 발생하는 중금속의 적절한 보건관리 대책 마련에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 대부분의 업종들은 허용 기준치를 초과하지 않았으나 금속 주조업의 용해공정, 기타 조립금속 제품 제조 및 금속 처리업의 용해공정, 조명장치 제조업의 베이싱 공정은 허응 기준치에 근접하거나 초과하였다. 이에 이들 공정은 근로자들의 건강 관리를 위해 보다 적극적인 작업 환경 관리가 필요하다고 사료된다. In order to improve the working environment for health promotion and prepare the fundamental data on heavy metal concentration in the air of manufacturing industry, the author determined heavy metal (Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn) concentration of 151 manufacturing industries in Pusan area by type of industry and working process with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin-Elmer 4100ZL) from January 1997 to June 1997. The results were as follows : 1. Geometric mean concentration in ambient air for each heavy metal (Range) 1) Pb : 0.0100mg/m3(0.0013 ∼0.0945mg/m3) 2) Cr : 0.0028mg/m3(0.0005 ∼0.0258mg/m3) 3) Mn : 0.0103mg/m3(0.0002∼1.9830mg/m3) 4) Ni : 0.0050mg/m3(0.0006∼0.0413mg/m3) 5) Zn : 0.8473mg/m3(0.1471 ∼4.8658mg/m3) 2. Geometric mean of Pb in melting process of the casting of metals manufacturing industry among total subjects industry was 0.0945mg/m3, it was exceeded the thleshold limit value. 3. Geometric mean of Zn in melting process of the casting of metals manufacturing industry among total subjects industry was 4,8658mg/m3, it was closed to the thleshold limit value.

부산지역 제조업 산업장의 작업공정별 소음수준의 경시적 변화(1996∼1998)

문덕환,문귀수,황용식,강동묵,이용희,박수경,이창희,이채언 인제대학교 2001 仁濟醫學 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: This survey was conducted to provide the fundamental data on trends of noise level to improve of noisy working environment and to prevent of hearing loss in the manufacturing industry. Materials and Methods: The subject of this investigation was noise level of the 34 noisy processes among 92 manufactories of 9 industries in Pusan area. Study period was Jan. 1 1996 to Dec. 31 1998. Results: Geometric mean concentration and standard deviation for several manufactories were as follows. Food products and beverages, 78.1±1.16dB(A); manufactories of textiles. 82.2±1.04dB (A) ; tanning and dressing of leather (manufactories of luggage, handbag, saddlery, harness and footwear), 83.0±1.04dB (A) ; manufactories of wood and products, of wood and cork, except furniture, manufactories of articles of straw and plaiting materials. 93.3±1.02dB (A) ; manufactories of rubber and plastics products, 81.8±1.04dB(A) ; manufactories of basic metals, 86.4±1.06dB(A) ; manufactories of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment. 84.3±1.05dB (A) ; manufactories of machinery and equipment, not especially classified, 84.8±1.05dB(A) ; manufactories of furniture (manufacturing not especially classified) 84.9±1.03dB(A). Geometric mean concentration of noise in the 1st lumbering(92.9±1.02dB(A)) and the 2nd lumbering(93.8±1.02dB (A)) process of manufactories of wood and products of wood and cork, except furniture, sanding(92.4±1.04dB (A)) process of manufactories of basic metals industry were higher than the permissible noise exposures limit value. Conclusions: In the industrial hygienics aspect, special attention and management of working environment should be conducted for the manufacture of wood and products of wood and cork, except furniture, manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials and manufacture of basic metals industry in Pusan area.

도시지역 건강한 성인 여성의 뇨증 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

문덕환,송인혁 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1

1994년 1월 27일부터 1994년 2월 6일 까지 서울, 부산, 천안, 함암의 4개 도시에 거주하는 20세 이상의 비흡연 건강한 성인 여성 143명을 대상으로 인체에 유해한 중금속을 Graphite furnance atomic absorption spectrophotometry로 정량하고 그 분포를 구하여 각 중금속의 정상치를 산정하여 중금속으로 인한 건강장해를 조기진단, 예방 및 관리를 하는데 도움을 주고자 본 조사를 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.뇨중 중금속의 평균농도 1) Cr: 0.63±0.64㎍/ℓ 2) Cd: 1.68±1.50㎍/ℓ 3) Cu : 13.48±8.64㎍/ℓ 4) Mn : 7.33±8.78㎍/ℓ 5) Pb : 27.00±15.26㎍/ℓ 2.뇨중 중금속의 농도의 분포 1) Cr: 대수정규분포(왜도: -0.373, 첨도: -0.022, P>0.05) 2) Cd: 비정규분포(왜도: 1.202, 첨도: 0.579, P<0.05) 3) Cu: 대수정규분포(왜도: -0.016, 첨도: 0.301, P>0.05) 4) Mn: 비정규분포(왜도: 2.324, 첨도: 5.115, P<0.05) 5) Pb: 비정규분포(왜도: 0.671, 첨도: 0.541, P<0.05) 3.뇨중 크롬, 카드뮴, 구리, 망간, 연의 평균농도는 지역별로 유의한 차이가 있었으나(P<0.05), 연령별 차이는 없었다. 4.뇨중 구리와 뇨중 크롬이 뇨중 망간과 뇨중 카드뮴이 각각 정상관관계를 보였다(P<0.05, P<0.001). In order to provide basic data for early evaluation, prevention and management of health hazard caused by five heavy metals (chromium, cadmium, copper, manganese and lead), the author determined five heavy metals concentration in urine to 143 healthy matured nonsmoking females of 4 cities (Seoul, Pusan, Gheonan and Haman). The concentration of each heavy metal was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The urine sampling period was January 27 to February 6, 1994. The results were as follows. 1.The mean concentration of heavy metals in urine 1) Cr: 0.63±0.64㎍/ℓ 2) Cd: 1.68±1.50㎍/ℓ 3) Cu : 13.48±8.64㎍/ℓ 4) Mn : 7.33±8.78㎍/ℓ 5) Pb : 27.00±15.26㎍/ℓ 2.Tlle distribution of heavy metals concentration in urine 1) Cr : Lognormal distribution (Skewness : -0.373, Kurtosis : -0.022, P>0.05) 2) CD : Non-normal distribution (Skewness : 1.202, Kurtosis : 0.579, P<0.05) 3) Cu : Lognormal distribution (Skewness : -0.016, Kurtosis : 0.301, P>0.05) 4) Mn : Non-normal distribution (Skewness : 2.324, Kurtosis : 5.115, P<0.05) 5) Pb : Non-normal distributioon (Skewness : 0.671, Kurtosis : 0.541, P<0.05) 3.There were statistically significant differences in the concentrations in urine Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn and Pb by area(P<0.05). 4.Positive correlations were observed between correlations of Cr and Cu(P<0.001), Cu and Cr in urine(P<0.05). 5.The above results point out that the urinary heavy metals concentration of healthy adult women in urban area still hasn't reached the dangerous level. But if the degree of environmental pollution gets worse, the health hazard resulting from the overuse of heavy metal will increase. Therefore, more thoroughgoing measures to preserve our environment will be needed.

부산지역 지하철역의 중금속 오염도에 관한 연구

문덕환,이명직 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.1

부산지역 일부 지하칠역 내ㆍ외를 대상으로 중금속 오염정도를 조사하여 파악함으로써 지하철을 이용하는 일반시민과 현장에서 근무하는 근무자의 생활환경권 및 중금속 오염의 저감대책수립에 대한 기초자료를 제공할 뿐만 아니라 시민 건강관리에 일조가 되고자 1995년 10월7일부터 1996년 3월까지 부산지역 10개 지하철역을 대상으로 하여 5개 중금속(Pb, Cr, Cd, V, Ni)에 대하여 원자흡광분광광도계를 이용하여 정량하였다. For the puepose of preparing the fundamental date on heavy metal concentration in air of subway station, and contributin the health improvement of people who using and working in subway, the author determined atmospherip heavy metal concentration in and outside of 10 subway station in pusan area by of of flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer from Oct. 1995 to Mar. 1996. The results were as follows ; 1.The inside and outside average concentration of subway stations ; Lead: 0.7365㎍/㎥, 0.4417㎍/㎥ Chromium : 1.9177㎍/㎥, 0.5991㎍/㎥ Cadmium: 0.0177㎍/㎥, 0.0085㎍/㎥ Vanadium : 0.0971㎍/㎥, 0.0466㎍/㎥ Nickel: 1.5067㎍/㎥, 0.4685㎍/㎥ 2.As a result of statistical analysis, the inside average concentration of heavy metals except cadmium were higher than the outside (P<0.05). 3.In the inside average concentration of heavy metal following time, lead was high in A.M.(P<0.05). The others were high on night, but only vanadium showed significance (P<0.05).

地下商街內 空氣汚染에 影響을 미치는 要因에 關한 調査 硏究

문덕환,이승민,한용수,전진호,김대환,이용희,이창희 인제대학교 1995 仁濟醫學 Vol.16 No.2

부산시내 지하상가의 공기 오염물질 중 인체에 인체에 대하여 유해한 것으로 알려진 SO2, NO2, TSP, CO, CO2의 농도를 조사하고 이러한 공기 오염물질에 영향을 미치는 온열인자인 온도, 습도, 기류, 평균 복사온도와 비교 고찰을 통하여 오염요인 등을 조사함으로써 공기 오염 물질들의 저감 대책 수립에 기초자료를 제공 하고자 함은 물론 시민들의 건강증진에 도움이 되고자 부산시내 일부 지하상가를 대상으로 하여 1994년 1월부터 2월까지 2개월간 지하상가 내.외부의 일중 농도를 측정하였다. For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data on air pollution in underground commercial floor and also contributing to the health improvement of residents, the authors measured the level of SO2, NO2, TSP, CO, CO2 and also some related factors as air temperature, air movement, relative humidity and mean radiation temperature at inside and outside of undergrouned commercial floor in Pusan from Jan. to Feb. 1994. The results were as follows : 1.The related factor of SO2 concentration in inside was SO2 concentration in outside(P<0.01). 2.The related factor of NO2 concentration in inside were air temperature in inside, total suspended particles and air movement in outside (P<0.05). 3.The related factors of total suspende particles in inside were relative humidity in inside and total susupended particles in inside (P<0.05). 4.The related factor of CO concentration in inside was air movement in outside(P<0.05). 5.The related factors of CO2 concentration in inside were air temperature and relative humidity in inside and air movement in outside(P<0.05).

부산지역 일부 공무원 및 교직원의 고혈압에 관한 조사 연구

문덕환,최재일 인제대학교 1998 仁濟醫學 Vol.19 No.2

부산 지역의 공무원 및 교직원 3,507명 중 남성 1,553명(평균연령, 39.3±9.7세), 여성 1,974명(평균연령: 30.3±8.3세)을 조사 대상으로 집단 검진을 실시하여 고혈압 유병율 산정 등 고혈압의 실태를 파악함으로써 이들의 건강 증진에 기여함은 물론 고혈압 관리에 일조가 되게 할 뿐만 아니라 추후 이들 분야의 기초 자료를 제공하고자 1996년 4월 1일부터 동년 10월 30일까지 6개월에 걸쳐 본 조사 연구를 시행하였다. This study was conducted for the purpose of obtaining the fundamental data on hypertension and contributing to health improvement of public official and school personnel, the author carried out the survey for the prevalence rate of hypertension and several factors related with the occurence of hypertension on 3,507 numbers(Male:1,553, Female: 1,974, Average Age:Male:39.3±9.7 years old, Female:30.3±8.3 years old) of public officials and school personnels in Pusan area for 6months from April, 1996. The obtained results were as follows ; 1.The prevalence rate of hypertension among total subjects was 3.9%, and it was gradually increased with aging (P<0.05). 2.The rate of obesity (120% and over of standard body weight) in hypertensive group was higher than normotensive group (P<0.05). 3.The mean concentration of total cholesterol level in hypertensive group was 246.1 46.9mg/dl, and it was increased as blood pressure increased(P<0.05). 4.The abnormal rate in funduscopic findings of hypertensive group was 36.2%, and it was gradually increased as blood pressure increased (P<0.05). 5.The abnormal rate in electrocardiographic findings of hypertensive group was 38.7%.