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중소기업 기술보호지원정책의 문제점과 개선방안 -가칭 「중소기업 기술보호 지원법」의 제정안을 중심으로-
박정구 ( Jeong Ku Park ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2014 과학기술법연구 Vol.20 No.1
This paper is concerned with problems and legal solutions of the technology protection support system for Small and Medium Enterprise(SME) in Korea, focused on the draft of Technology Protection Support Act for Small and Medium Enterprise. The business environment related to the Small and Medium Enterprise(SME) has recently changed by global competition. With the change of the business environment, it is very important to protect the technology of SMEs in the economy sector. Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) serve as a source of dynamism of the Korean economy and play a leading role in providing goods and services, creating employment opportunities, acting as a seedbed for market competition, and contributing to the development of regional economies and societies. To enable this source of dynamism for the Korean economy, the SME policies will encourage SMEs to be innovative in business and respond to changes in the business environment, and develop the environment for the growth in the global economy. In order to achieve this, the technology protection service system for Small and Medium Enterprise(SME) of government is necessary for the growth of SMEs in the global economy and the system should be based on the competition policies in the small business sector. The article of 24 of the draft of Small and Medium Enterprise Technology Protection Support Act is intended for all Small and Medium Enterprises(SME) to support directly the certain amount for their legal costs. Some survey researches related to the situation of SMEs also reflect that the current Korean technology protect support system has several problems. In order to solve the problems, the technology protect support system for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) should be enacted based on the competition policies. They will encourage SMEs to increase their competitiveness for the growth in the global economy. The Basic Act on SMEs of Korea should be also amended towards support for the new Technology Protection Support Act for Small and Medium Enterprise.
박정구 한국경제법학회 2008 경제법연구 Vol.7 No.1
This paper is concerned with problems and legal solutions of the Basie Act on Small and Medium Enterprises (Basic Act on SMEs) of 1966 in Korea. It is now over 40 years since the enactment of the Basic Act on SMEs. During that time the business environment faced by SMEs(Small and Medium Enterprises) has changed enormously: income levels have risen, technology has advanced, and economic activity has grown more globalized. The business environment related to SMEs has recently changed by a global competition. With the change of the business environment, it is necessary to establish a new SME policies and a amendment of the Basic Act on SME. SMEs serve as a source of dynamism of the korean economy and play a leading role in providing goods and services, creating employment opportunies, acting as a seedbed for market competition, and contributing to the development of regional economies and societies. To enable this source of dynamism for the korean economy, the SME policies will encourage SMEs to be innovative in business and respond to changes in the business environment, and develop the environment to lay the foundations for the growth in the global economy. In order to achieve this, the SME policies should be based on the competition policies in the small business sector. At the same time, the Basic Act on SMEs should be amended towards support for the new SME policies based on competition policies of the korean government and structural changes for SMEs, like the amendment of "Small and Medium Enterprise Basic Law" of 1999 in Japan. The new Small and Medium Enterprise Basic Law" of 1999 in Japan is based on the new policy concept related to SMEs: promoting diverse, vigorous growth and development of independent SMEs. As basic principles for SME policies has the new act promoting business innovation and new business start-ups, strengthening management base of SMEs and facilitating adaptation to economic and social changes. 최근 세계경제의 개방화와 글로벌경제시대의 도래로 인하여 기업간 경쟁이 더욱 심화되고, 지식정보화사회가 본격적으로 진행됨으로써 기업환경이 급격히 변화하고 있다. 특히 중소기업의 경영환경은 기업환경의 변화로 인하여 수익성, 성장성, 자금조달여건, 투자 등에서 점차 악화되고 있다. 이러한 중소기업의 문제는 중소기업이 글로벌경쟁시대에 걸맞는 경쟁력을 갖추지 못한 구조적인 문제에서 비롯된다. 따라서 이러한 중소기업문제의 해결을 위해서는 변환된 경제여건에 적합한 새로운 정책과 이를 뒷받침할 새로운 법과 제도가 필요하다. 이로 말미암아 중소기업을 보호의 객체로 인식하여 양적 성장에 초점을 맞추던 기존의 정책방향에서 경쟁환경에 스스로 적응하는 중소기업을 육성하는 방향으로 중소기업정책의 방향이 전환되어야 한다. 또한 ‘정책의 입법화’를 목표로 하여 새로운 경제패러다임에 부응하기 위하여 제시되는 다양한 중소기업정책을 구체화하기 위하여 법제도적 기반의 조성이 필요함은 논란의 여지가 없다. 따라서 중소기업분야의 정책의 기본방향을 정하고 관련정책의 체계화를 도모하기 위한 중소기업기본법은 내용적으로 글로벌경쟁시대의 도래라는 기업환경변화에 효율적으로 대응하기 위한 새로운 중소기업정책을 반영하여야 하며, 수요자인 중소기업자가 창업을 하거나 사업활동을 영위함에 있어 관련법령에 쉽게 접근하고 쉽게 활용할 수 있도록 중소기업기본법의 체계 및 내용의 정비가 필요하다. 1999년 일본은 기존의 대기업과의 격차시정을 이념으로 한 중소기업정책을 경쟁조건의 정비, 경영혁신 및 창업촉진 등을 강조하는 경쟁정책형으로 전환하였으며, 이를 위한 중소기업기본법을 전면 개정하여 ‘독립한 중소기업의 다양하고 활력있는 성장발전’을 기본이념으로 하고, 이의 실현을 위한 중소기업의 경영혁신 및 창업촉진, 경영기반의 강화, 경제 · 사회적 환경변화에 적응원활화(safety net의 정비)를 정책목표로 명시하고 있다. 우리의 중소기업문제를 해결하기 위하여 이러한 1999년 일본 중소기업기본법의 전면개정과 같이 현행 중소기업기본법은 새로운 기업환경과 중소기업문제에 부합하는 중소기업정책을 반영하고, 수요자인 중소기업자에게 실질적인 도움이 되도록 중소기업기본법의 체계를 단순·정연하고 그 내용이 명료하도록 개정할 필요가 있다.
정기만 아시아.유럽미래학회 2010 유라시아연구 Vol.7 No.4
Small and medium-size enterprises(SMEs) have been doing great role in the national economy. It is too obvious to require any argument when we see only some statistics on the economic index. In 2008, the SMEs' portion of the number of enterprises and employment is more heavy than that of large-size enterprise in Korea. Impotance of SMEs are common all over the world. Many government has making and doing the policy for SMEs to escalate it's competition because of its importance to her economy. This paper try to study the characteristics of SMEs and support system for them in Korea and United Kingdom. Literature review, world-wide web surfing and empirical studies were done to reach the goals of this study. Major results are ad follows:There is a little difference between two countries about definition SMEs. In general, SMEs are enterprises that employ fewer than 300 people and have an capital of at most 30 billion in Korea. SMEs are enterprises that employ fewer than 250 people and have an annual sales of at most £22.8 Million or an annual balance sheet total of at most £2.8million. in U.K. The number employed is the number of yearly labour units, that is, the number of fulltime workers employed during one year. Like Korea, Small and medium sized enterprises are the backbone of Britain. Britain is a nation of small and medium sized enterprises. According to the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR)’s Enterprise Directorate Analytical Unit, in 2007, the UK economy is 99% SMEs. So out of a total of 4.8m UK businesses, less than 1% were large corporations(i.e. over 250 employees). UK SMEs, employing one person or more, employ 14.23m people, out of a working population of approximately 30 million. There is substantial evidence that the UK economy is supported by SMEs performance, and that improving performance will have a substantially positive effect on entire UK economy. UK Government work closely with the sector to deliver critical business support to SMEs. Since 1980 the U. K. small business population has increased greatly. Small businesses have also acquired a key role in UK economic policies paralleled by a huge development in support structures to promote them. The U.K. government’s policy on SMEs is to encourage and support these organizations to compete for public sector contracts where this is consistent with value for money policy the UK regulations. There are lots of same characteristics of SMEs policy of government between Korea and U.K. This paper also to investigate weather characteristics of SMEs statistics between them. Paired t-test was used to test them. Results of paired t-test for enterprises by number of employees does not show significant difference between two countries. But, results of paired t-test for employment by number of employees shows significant difference between two countries. Results of paired t-test for enterprises by industrial sectors and results of paired t-test for employment by industrial sectors do not show differences between two countries. These results implicate that two countries can refer their SMEs policy each other.
양병찬 ( Byoung Chan Yang ) 한국상사판례학회 2013 상사판례연구 Vol.26 No.3
Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) is a part of the root in Korean economy and at the same time a motive power in economic development. It plays the roles such as the entity which creates employment, leads regional economy, promotes competition among businesses, creates growing industry, and stabilizes society. So, the government`s policy of SMEs is a core of national economic policy. Taiwan, called an advanced country of medium and small business, already constructed legal system for the support of medium and small business, and operated a stabilized medium and small business support system. The traits of legal system for the support of Taiwanese small and medium are first, in the aspect of legal constitution, Taiwanese legal system, horizontal and perpendicular, avoids the risk of contradiction and clash by conforming to the principles of systematic legitimacy. Second, with the objective of attaining the effectiveness of policy operation, Taiwan made it one of legal institutions to present the evaluation of SMEs support policy and the plan on the future by researching deeply and making reports of legal systems related to the policies of SMEs every year. The third, Taiwan continuously promoted and collected information of the laws related to SMEs so that SMEs could recover from relative handicaps. Our country established and amended laws, according to national policies, to support SMEs for the past decades. The current government arranged a part of legal systems related to SMEs together with economic democratization and in the future the legal systems will be arranged in a large scale. In the point in time when the systemization and simplicity of the legal system on SMEs support are demanded, the laws on new various SMEs support have to be arranged carefully. So, it is necessary to arrange with legitimacy, to enforcement appropriately to the aims, and to get affectiveness related laws, according to the principle of system legitimacy. It is evaluated affirmatively that, in relation with ombudsman system, many parts were revised in August, 2013, according to basic laws on SMEs. But in the point in time when many enforcement ordinances are not prepared, according to revised legal system, it is necessary to prepare subsidiary regulations in order to come true the aims of legal revision. In the practical aspect of ombudsman system, the ombudsman affairs system has to be constructed to elevate the effectiveness of the system.
중소기업 직장어린이집 설치.운영에 대한 수요자의 인식 및 요구 분석
홍성희(Hong Sung Hee),채혜경(Chae Hye Kyoung),김선형(Kim Sun Hyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.22
목적 중소기업 직장어린이집 설치 수요를 분석하기 위해 잠재적 가능성이 높은 사업장을 선정하여 설치의 주체인 사업주와 실제 사용하는 근로자들의 인식 수준을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 이를 위하여 사업장 120개소의 사업주(또는 담당자) 120명과 선정 사업장에 근무 중인 근로자 800명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 후 빈도 및 기술통계 분석을 실시하였다. 결과 첫째, 사업주와 근로자 모두 중소기업 직장어린이집의 설치⋅운영은 필요하고 이는 근로자의 직무몰입 향상 및 자녀양육 부담 완화 등에 효과가 있다고 인식하였다. 둘째, 중소기업 사업주와 근로자 모두 정부의 중소기업 직장어린이집 설치⋅운영을 위한 지원제도에 대한 인식은 낮았으나 중소기업 특성과 수요를 고려한 직장어린이집 설치 및 운영지원은 확대할 필요가 있다고 인식하였다. 셋째, 중소기업 근로자들은 직장어린이집 이용과 함께 가정 내 보육에 대한 직장보육서비스 확대를 선호하였다. 결론 서로 이해관계가 다른 중소기업 사업주와 근로자들을 대상으로 실제 현장에서 가장 필요한 부분 및 요구 사항을 함께 살펴본 것에 의의가 있다. Objectives In order to analyze the needs for the installation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) daycare, we tried to select workplaces with high potential and examine the level of awareness of employers and workers. Methods After conducting a survey on 120 business owners (or managers) and 800 workers at 120 workplaces of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), frequency and descriptive statistics were analyzed. Results First, both employers and workers recognized that the installation and operation of work daycare centers for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is necessary, which is effective in improving workers job immersion and reducing the burden of raising children. Second, both small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) owners and workers recognized the need to expand support for the government s support system for the installation and operation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) daycare centers, considering the characteristics and need of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Third, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) workers preferred to use workplace daycare centers and expand workplace childcare services for in-home childcare. Conclusions It is meaningful to examine together the most necessary parts and requirements in the actual field for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and workers with different interests.
조세특례제한법상 중소기업 조세특례제도의 현황과 개선방안 - 창업중소기업 등에 대한 세액감면제도를 중심으로 -
강지현 아주대학교 법학연구소 2024 아주법학 Vol.18 No.3
본고는 조특법상 중소기업 조세특례제도 중 핵심적이고 주요한 세제지원제도로 평가되는 창업중소기업 세액감면제도를 구체적으로 분석하고, 창업중소기업 세액감면제 도의 운용에 있어 실무적으로 주로 다루어지는 쟁점인 창업의 범위 및 중소기업 요건 과 관련된 법원의 판례, 조세심판원의 선결정례 및 과세당국의 예규 등 유권해석과 창업중소기업 세액감면제도와 관련한 2024년 세법개정안 발표 내용에 대해 검토한 다 음, 이를 바탕으로 하여 아래와 같이 현행 창업중소기업 세액감면제도의 문제점 및 개선방안을 제시하였다. 첫 번째로, 창업중소기업 세액감면제도의 체계를 정비하고 단순화할 필요가 있다. 우선 제도 체계의 정비를 위해, 창업중소기업 세액감면제도의 적용대상 기업을 모아서 각 기업의 해당 요건에 대해 규정하고, 별도의 조항에서 감면율 및 기업별 추가감면사 항과 중복배제 조항을 각각 규정하는 방안과, 또는 다른 하나의 방법으로서 전체 창업 중소기업 세액감면 적용대상 기업의 구분과 세부 요건, 감면율에 대해서 하나의 표를 만들어서 정리하는 방안에 대한 검토를 제안한다. 아울러 장기적으로는 창업중소기업 분류 내지 감면비율의 단순화 등을 통해 창업중소기업 세액감면제도를 단순화하는 방 안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 두 번째로, 조특법상 창업중소기업 세액감면제도의 적정한 법해석과 운용을 위해 창업의 정의에 관한 명문 규정을 마련할 필요가 있다. 창업의 정의는 「중소기업창업 지원법」 및 같은 법 시행령에 따른 창업의 개념을 기본으로 하되, 법원의 판례 및 조세 심판원 결정례에서 추가적인 판단기준으로 삼고 있는 창업의 실질성 및 원시적 사업 창출의 효과를 정의 요소에 포함하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 그러므로 그 정의규정은 일응 ‘조특법상 중소기업을 실질적으로 새로이 설립하여 새로운 사업을 최초로 개시하 는 것으로서, 원시적인 사업 창출의 효과가 있는 것’이라는 정의 요소를 포함하여 마련 할 필요가 있다. 세 번째로, 창업중소기업 세액감면제도에서 창업으로 보지 않는 경우에 해당하는 ‘자산의 인수’에 ‘자산의 임차’가 포함되는 것으로 개정할 필요가 있다. 그 구체적인 개 정안으로는 조특법 제6조 제10항 제1호를 “합병·분할·현물출자 또는 사업의 양수를 통하여 종전의 사업을 승계하거나 종전의 사업에 사용되던 자산을 인수(종전의 사업에 사용되던 자산을 임차하여 사용하는 경우를 포함한다, 이 호에서 같다) 또는 매입하여 같은 종류의 사업을 하는 경우”라고 규정하는 방안을 생각하여 볼 수 있다. 네 번째로, 중소기업 유예기간의 적용을 받을 수 있는 기간의 개시 시점을 명확히 규정함으로써 납세자와 과세관청 간 불필요한 분쟁의 소지를 최소화하고, 납세자의 예 측가능성을 보장하며 동시에 적정한 조세행정 운용을 제고할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 조특법 시행령 제2조 제2항 본문의 중소기업 유예기간 개시 시점인 ‘최초로 그 사유가 발생한 날’을 “최초로 중소기업 유예기간을 적용할 사유가 발생한 날”로 개정할 필요가 있다. 다섯 번째로, 기획재정부의 2024년 세법개정안 발표 내용 중 창업중소기업 세액감 면제도의 활성화에 역행하는 연간 5억원의 세액감면 한도 신설과 창업중소기업 세액 감면과 통합고용세액공제의 전면적인 중복 배제에 대해서는 재고할 필요가 있으며, 창 업중소기업 세액감면제도의 제한을 초래하는 조특법령 개정에 대해서는 점진적이고 신중한 접근을 통해 최소화할 필요가 있다. This article discusses the problems and improvement measures of the Tax Reductions or Exemptions for Small or Medium Start-Up Enterprises, which is evaluated as a core and major Special Taxation for SMEs under the Act on Restriction on Special Cases Concerning Taxation. First, it is necessary to organize and simplify the system of the Tax Reductions or Exemptions for Small or Medium Start-Up Enterprises. It is proposed to consider a method of gathering the companies subject to the tax reductions or exemptions for Small or Medium Start-Up Enterprises, stipulating the relevant requirements for each company, and then stipulating the reduction or exemption rate, additional reduction items for each company, and exclusion clauses for duplicate reduction or exemption in separate provisions. Or as another method, it is proposed to consider organizing the classification of applicable companies, detailed requirements, and reduction or exemption rate in one table. In the long term, it is necessary to seek a method to simplify the Tax Reductions or Exemptions for Small or Medium Start-Up Enterprises by simplifying the classification and reduction or exemption rate of Small or Medium Start-Up Enterprises. Second, it is necessary to establish an explicit provision on the definition of “a new business startup.” The definition of “a new business startup” should be based on the concept of startup according to the Support for the Small and Medium Enterprise Establishment Act and the enforcement decree of the Support for Small and Medium Enterprise Establishment Act. Also, it would be desirable to include ‘the substantiality of startup’ and ‘the effect of creating a primitive business’ as additional criteria in court precedents and tax tribunal decisions as elements of the definition. Third, it is necessary to revise the phrase “acquisition of assets” in the provision that is not considered a startup in the Tax Reductions or Exemptions for Small or Medium Start-Up Enterprises to include “lease of assets.” Fourth, it is necessary to revise the start time of the grace period of the SMEs in Article 2, Paragraph 2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Act on Restriction on Special Cases Concerning Taxation, “the date on which the reason first occurred,” to “the date on which the reason first occurred to apply grace period of the SMEs.” Fifthly, the introduction of an annual tax reduction or exemption limit of KRW 500 million and the comprehensive exclusion of duplication between tax reductions or redemptions for Small or Medium Start-Up Enterprises and the Integrated Tax Credit for Employment, which run counter to the revitalization of the Tax Reductions or Exemptions for Small or Medium Start-Up Enterprises, among the contents of the 2024 tax law amendment announced by the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, need to be reconsidered.
중소기업 인적자원개발 연구에 대한 비판적 검토: 국내학술논문을 중심으로
백평구 한국기업교육학회 2016 기업교육과인재연구 Vol.18 No.1
The purpose of this study was to critically review the assumptions underpinning the concept and the practice of human resource development (HRD) for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) focusing on scholarly articles in Korea. Considering the purpose of the study, the researcher constructed the conceptual model as to the context, approaches, and methods of HRD for SMEs from Stewart & Beaver (2004). Drawing upon the critical review on HRD for SMEs, six propositions were suggested. According to Proposition 1, the level of analysis in articles on HRD for SMEs does not appropriately reflect the organizational characteristics of SMEs. According to Proposition 2, HRD for SMEs has been positioned within human resource management, which has consolidated the tendency of equalizing HRD and training and development. Proposition 3 states that the training-centered approaches to HRD for SMEs have contributed to narrowing down the research focus to proving the positive effect of training on improving individual and organizational performance. Proposition 4posits that articles on HRD for SMEs characterized the HRD practices of SMEs as “lacks,” and subsequently naturalized the external assistance from government policy. According to Proposition 5, the value of informal learning in SMEs is embodied through on-the-job training (OJT) and learning organization initiatives, which should focus more on the positive aspects of SMEs’ organizational features. Finally, Proposition 6 states that research on HRD for SMEs needs to approach the HRD practice through a more firm-specific method, rather than through a standardized one. These propositions are the starting point to advance the construction of alternative conceptualizations and practices of HRD for SMEs, which normalize disclosure and oppose the dominant points of view on HRD for SMEs. 이 연구는 중소기업 인적자원개발과 관련하여 발표된 국내학술논문을 중심으로 중소기업 인적자원개발의 개념과 실천의 기저에 자리한 명제들을 비판적으로 검토하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구 목적에 따라 Stewart & Beaver(2004)를 토대로 중소기업 인적자원개발의 맥락, 접근, 방법으로 개념 모형을 구성하였다. 비판적 검토 결과 도출한 여섯 개의 명제는 다음과 같다. 명제 1: 중소기업 인적자원개발 연구는 분석 수준으로서 개인과 조직의 설정 여부에 관계없이 중소기업 조직 특성을 적극적으로 반영하는 데에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 명제 2: 중소기업 인적자원개발 연구에서 인적자원개발은 인적자원관리의 일부로 간주되는 편이며, 이는 인적자원개발과 교육훈련을 동일시하는 경향을 공고하는데 영향을 미친다. 명제 3: 중소기업 인적자원개발 연구에서 훈련 중심으로 인적자원개발 실천을 이해하는 경향은 훈련의 개인 및 조직성과에 미치는 긍정적 영향을 입증하려는 연구 편향으로 연결된다. 명제 4: 중소기업 인적자원개발 연구는 중소기업 인적자원개발 실천의 ‘부족’(lacks)을 전제하고 조직 외부로부터의 지원을 필수적인 것으로 간주한다. 명제 5: 중소기업 인적자원개발 연구에서 무형식 학습의 가치는 일터 현장교육과 학습조직화를 통해 지지되며, 중소기업 조직 특성의 긍정적 측면에도 주목해야 한다. 명제 6: 중소기업 인적자원개발 연구는 불특정 다수의 중소기업을 염두에 둔 표준화된 방법이 아닌 개별화된 방법으로 중소기업 인적자원개발 실천에 접근해야 한다. 이러한 명제들은 중소기업 인적자원개발 연구에서 지배적 관점으로서 당연시되어온 것들을 드러내고 지배적 관점을 흔드는 대안적인 중소기업 인적자원개발 개념과 실천의 구성을 위한 출발점으로 이해할 수 있다.
중소기업 HRD 담당자의 직업능력개발에 대한 인식과 정책적 함의
박윤희 한국농·산업교육학회 2011 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.43 No.1
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Korea play a pivotal role in the national economy, accounting for 99.9% of all enterprises(3 million SMEs), 87.5% of all employees(10.8 million employees), and 49.4% of production. While the economic status of SMEs is greatly important in Korea, SMEs face difficulties in terms of productivity and competitiveness. The hardship is recognized as mainly being derived from the lack of skills formation. Then, Korean government has adopted various skills development policies to encourage SMEs to train their employees. In particular, Korean government has used policy strategies focused on employees in SMEs, which have inferior training infrastructure relative to large companies. However, the participation rate of SMEs is still much lower than that of large enterprises, even though policy outcomes of SMEs are increased annually in terms of the number of places, the budget, and the number of participating employees. Thus, task is still remained to raise the participation rate of SMEs in skills development programs. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate human resource development (HRD) practitioners' perceptions of skills development in SMEs and suggest recommendations for policies to promote skills development in SMEs. More specifically, the study reviewed the concepts of skills development, and the outcomes of government policies or programs were reviewed. Next, the current status and needs of SMEs were investigated by conducing survey to HRD managers in SMEs. Based on the results of the study, the implications for skills development policy in Korea are suggested as follows. First, a skills development system focused on SMEs and their employees should be established by highlighting the demand for education and training. Second, a market-friendly system must be established for skills development, which is oriented toward on-site training or learning activities in SMEs. Finally, a customized system for skills development should be established based on the needs of SMEs. 정부는 그간 중소기업의 경쟁력 향상을 목적으로 다양한 직업능력개발 사업을 통해 중소기업을 지원하여 왔다. 그럼에도 불구하고 중소기업의 직업능력개발 참여는 대기업에 비하여 여전히 저조한 실정이다. 이러한 배경에서 이 연구에서는 중소기업의 직업능력개발에 대한 실태와 요구를 분석하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 정부지원 중소기업 직업능력개발 사업에 대한 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 이 연구에서는 중소기업의 HRD 담당자를 대상으로 중소기업의 직업능력개발 실태와 정부지원 요구에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과, 중소기업의 HRD 담당자들은 정부지원 직업능력개발 사업에 대해 그다지 만족스러워하지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 정부지원 사업에 참여한 경험이 있는 중소기업은 사업 참여 경험이 전혀 없는 기업에 비하여 직업능력개발 사업을 유용하게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 ‘참여시간의 부족’과 ‘업무 공백의 우려’는 중소기업에서 형식학습이 활발하게 시행되지 않는 가장 큰 이유와 걸림돌로 각각 밝혀졌다. ‘업무 과다로 인한 참여시간의 부족’, ‘근로자의 관심 부족’, ‘무형식학습 실행 방법에 대한 이해 또는 정보부족’ 등은 무형식학습 시행의 애로 사항으로 드러났다. 또한 중소기업에서는 업무현장에서 실시하는 학습활동 지원자 양성, 개별 중소기업에 맞는 근로자 교육훈련 프로그램 정보 제공, 교육훈련 내용의 요구조사 지원 서비스, 업무현장에서 실시하는 무형식학습 시행 방법 관련 매뉴얼 및 가이드라인의 개발 및 보급 등에 대한 요구가 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과에 기초하여 중소기업의 직업능력개발 활성화를 위한 정책적 시사점을 제안하였다.
김규,강계성 진주산업대학교 2002 論文集 Vol.41 No.-
This study was conducted to investigate the solicitous and efficient execution methods of government-sponsored financial programs for the small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs). The method for its aim used papers, archival data, analysis, reports in the research level of organization, and empirical analysis of the small and medium-sized industrial enterprises in Jinju·Sacheon·Changwon·Masan cities. For SMEs, banks are the most important means in raising funds from outside. Korean SMEs are having difficulties in raising funds directly from the capital market, compared to large companies. The SMEs have had serious difficulties in raising funds from financial institutions including banks due to the chronic customary collateral loan systems. Korean SMEs have been in trouble in improving their financial structure due to the heavy burden on financial expenses caused by unfavorable financial market environments. To help SMEs financially, loans based on credit should be sought to take the place of the old practice of secured loans. Credit guarantee programs are being expanded to achieve more effective lending services and more incentives are being offered for high quality workers applying for employment with SMEs. The Financial Impediment Report Center should be operating to ease loan conditions for SMEs which have weak credit ratings and little collateral. This center either provides information or offers consultation services and organizes meetings with representatives of financial institutions and other related organizations in the interest of SMEs. The government had to operate a Credit Guarantee Fund for SMEs which have no way to provide collateral for loans. In order to protect SMEs from becoming insolvent or going bankrupt because of dishonored commercial bills they have received in payment for products or services they have supplied, a commercial bill insurance system had to have been put into operation. A fund for small businesses had to be operated separately to prevent bankruptcies and ensure managerial stability. To help ease the financial difficulties facing SMEs, an SME Management Stabilization Fund should be created to provide assistance for operations. The system for providing SME assistance funds should be improved to make it more efficient : procedures be simplified; measures be taken to prevent overlapping assistance; and, a private-sector evaluation system be established.
권용수 한국기업법학회 2023 企業法硏究 Vol.37 No.2
Until the 2010s, Korea maintained a dichotomous classification system of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) and large enterprises, and the government's corporate policy was focused on small and medium-sized enterprises. However, amid a rapid change in the economic environment, there is a strong perception that "to create an engine for economic growth and boost economic vitality, it is necessary to support companies that have a large impact on the national economy, such as job security". Based on this perception, the concept of a High Potential Enterprises(HPEs) that causes a crack in the previous dichotomous classification system entered the realm of law, and the ‘Special Act on the Growth Promotion and Competitiveness Improvement of High Potential Enterprises’ was enacted as a 10-year temporary law. Special Act on the Growth Promotion and Competitiveness Improvement of High Potential Enterprises aims to promote balanced development of the Korean economy by establishing a corporate ecosystem that allows HPEs to grow into global professional companies by supporting them to grow and strengthen their competitiveness. Since its implementation in July 2014, this law has been revised several times based on the spread of social awareness of the significance and need for support of HPEs, and recently, it has been converted to a Permanent Statute ahead of sunset in July 2024. Regarding this, there were also concerns that the continuation of the law, which assumes fostering and supporting HPEs, may affect the reduction of support for small and medium-sized enterprises. However, the Special Act on the Growth Promotion and Competitiveness Improvement of High Potential Enterprises has not resulted in reduced support for small and medium-sized enterprises so far, and the significance and justification of Permanent Act are recognized in the following respects. Firstly, in terms of both economic growth and addressing social challenges, the significance of HPEs is recognized. However, there are many examples where their actual conditions are not significantly different from SMEs, and they experience the valley of death in the process of overcoming market limitations. Therefore, the need for continuous nurturing and support is recognized. Secondly, the sunset provision of the Act could lead to confusion in the interpretation and application of numerous laws that incorporate the definition of HPEs from the Act. It is worth noting that there is a growing trend of legislation, including support and nurturing for HPEs, as the societal awareness of the significance and the need for support for HPEs continues to spread. Thirdly, the Special Act on the Growth Promotion and Competitiveness Improvement of High Potential Enterprises is not intended to address temporary policy challenges, so it inherently differs from temporary legislation in that aspect. Considering the above, it can be positively evaluated that the Special Act on the Growth Promotion and Competitiveness Improvement of High Potential Enterprises has been converted from the temporary Act to the regular permanent Act. However, in order for the Special Act on the Growth Promotion and Competitiveness Improvement of High Potential Enterprises to effectively fulfill its purpose, several tasks need to be undertaken. These tasks include expanding the scope of the law, implementing effective policies for HPEs in accordance with the Act, and establishing a foundation for enhancing support based on the unique characteristics and significance of HPEs. This paper briefly mentioned future tasks, and a systematic review of each issue is required in the future. 우리나라는 2010년대까지 중소기업과 대기업이라는 이분법적 분류체계를 유지해 왔고, 정부의기업 정책은 중소기업에 초점이 맞춰져 있었다. 그러나 경제환경이 급변하는 가운데 ‘경제성장의동력을 창출하고 경제 활력을 높이기 위해서는 중소기업을 벗어난 기업 중에서 고용안정 등 국민경제에 미치는 영향이 크거나 혁신역량과 성장 가능성이 큰 기업을 지원할 필요가 있다’라는 인식이강해졌다. 이로부터 2011년 3월 산업발전법 개정 시에 종전의 이분법적 분류체계에 균열을 가져오는 중견기업이라는 개념이 법의 영역에 들어오게 되었고, 이후 10년 한시법으로 중견기업법이 제정되기에 이르렀다. 중견기업법은 초기중견기업의 성장통을 완화해 중소기업이 중견기업으로 성장하도록 하는 것을넘어서, 중견기업의 성장과 경쟁력 강화에 필요한 지원을 통해 중견기업이 글로벌 전문기업으로 성장하도록 하는 기업생태계를 구축함으로써 우리 경제의 균형 발전을 도모하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 중견기업법은 2014년 7월 시행된 이후 중견기업의 의의와 지원 필요성에 대한 사회적 인식확산을 토대로 개정을 거듭해 왔고, 2024년 7월 일몰을 앞둔 상황에서 상시법으로 전환되었다. 중견기업법의 상시화에 대해서는 중견기업 육성·지원을 상정하는 법의 존속이 중소기업 지원 축소 등에 영향을 미치는 것 아니냐는 우려도 있었다. 그러나 중견기업법은 중소기업의 성장까지 시야에둔 법으로서 지금까지 중소기업의 지원 축소 등의 결과를 초래하지 않았고, 다음과 같은 점에서 상시화의 의의와 당위성이 인정된다. ① 중견기업은 경제성장과 사회적 과제 해소라는 측면에서 그의의가 인정되는 한편, 그 실질이 중소기업과 별반 다르지 않은 예가 많고 시장의 한계를 극복하는과정에서 죽음의 계곡을 경험하므로 지속적인 육성·지원의 필요성이 인정된다는 점이다. ② 중견기업법의 일몰은 중견기업법의 중견기업 정의 규정을 준용하는 다수 법령의 해석·적용에 관계된 혼란을 초래할 수 있다는 점이다. 여기서 주목할 점은 중견기업의 의의와 지원 필요성에 대한 사회적인식이 확산되면서 중견기업 지원·육성을 포함한 법령이 계속해서 증가하는 추세에 있다는 것이다. ③ 중견기업법은 일시적으로 발생한 정책과제에 대처하려는 것이 아니므로 애초부터 한시법과는 맞지 않는 면이 있다는 점이다.