침엽수 낙엽을 활용한 기능성 펄프몰드 제조

김동성(Dong Sung Kim),김형민(Hyung Min Kim),성용주(Yong Joo Sung),강석구(Seog Goo Kang),강호양(Ho-Yang Kang),이준우(Jun-Woo Lee),김세빈(Se Bin Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 펄프.종이기술 Vol.48 No.1

The coniferous fallen leaf is one of the major forestry residues. Since the coniferous fallen leaf would not be easily decayed, the large amount of the coniferous fallen leaves in forestry could be the source of forest fire. The applicability of the fallen leaves to the pulp mold were evaluated for developing new utilization of coniferous fallen leaves. The morphological properties and the chemical composition of the fallen leaves of Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis were evaluated by the comparison with those of fresh leaves. The applicability of the coniferous fallen leaves to the pulp mold and the effects on the pulp mold properties including the scent diffusion were investigated. The fallen leaves showed the shrunk structure by losing the hot water extract component, which leaded to better grinding properties than that of fresh leaves. The pulp mold with fallen leaves showed higher strength properties than the pulp mold with fresh leaves. Although the scent of the pulp mold with fresh leaves was stronger, the pulp mold with fallen leaves had coniferous scent too. The application of fallen leaves to pulp mold for the functional properties could be possible by improving the mechanical properties and the scent lasting treatments.

임간재배지 내 부엽토 및 차광수준에 따른 갯기름나물의 광합성과 엽생장 특성

송기선,전권석,최규성,김창환,박용배,김종진 한국약용작물학회 2015 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.23 No.1

This study was carried out in order to investigate the photosynthesis response and leaf characteristics of Peucedanumjaponicum growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by leaf mold (pine tree and chestnut tree)and shading levels (0%, 35%, 50% and 75% shading). Light relative intensity was 100% (full sunlight), 60.3% (35% shading),35.1% (50% shading), and 17.4% (75% shading) respectively. Light response curves of pine-leaf mold and chestnutleafmold were the highest in control (full sunlight) and these were getting lower in the higher shading level. Photosynthesiscapacity and light saturation point were indicated higher in chestnut-leaf mold within the same shading level. As the shadinglevel increased, maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. And apparent quantum yield was not indicated statistically significantdifference from all treatment. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were significant higher in 35% shading and controlunder chestnut-leaf mold in all treatment. As the shading level increased, LAR (leaf area ratio), SLA (specific leaf area) andSPAD value decreased in pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, P. japonicumis judged better growth and higher yield by maintaining 35% shading (relative light intensity 60%) under chestnut-leafmold in forest farming.

유기농 토마토 재배시 발생하는 잎곰팡이병, 흰가루병, 잿빛곰팡이병의 방제연구

홍성준,박종호,김용기,지형진,한은정,심창기,김민정,김정현,김승현,Hong, Sung-Jun,Park, Jong-Ho,Kim, Yong-Ki,Jee, Hyeong-Jin,Han, Eun-Jung,Shim, Chang-Ki,Kim, Min-Jeong,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Kim, Seung-Hyun 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.4

유기농 토마토 생산에 있어 지상부 잎에 발생하는 병은 수량을 감소시키는 중요한 요인이다. 특히 흰가루병, 잎곰팡이병, 잿빛곰팡이병이 유기농 토마토 포장에서 심각한 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 저항성 품종, 환기장치, 난황유 및 미생물 농약 등 친환경적인 방제방법을 이용하여 유기농 토마토 생산 기술을 증대시키기 위해서 수행되었다. 시설하우스에 환기장치를 작동시키면 환기장치를 설치하지 않은 하우스에 비해 최고온도와 최저온도의 편차가 $2{\sim}7^{\circ}C$ 줄어들고, 평균상대습도도 1~5% 감소되었다. 그 결과 토마토 잎곰팡이병 발생이 55.0%, 그리고 토마토 잿빛곰팡이병 발생이 24.4% 억제되었다. 미생물 농약 2종을 시설하우스에서 잿빛곰팡이병과 잎곰팡이병을 대상으로 방제시험을 실시한 결과, 잿빛곰팡이병은 49.0~55.9%, 잎곰팡이병은 39.2~58.2%의 방제효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 난황유를 제조하여 흰가루병을 대상으로 시설하우스에서 처리한 결과 97.6%의 우수한 방제효과가 확인되었다. 잎곰팡이병과 흰가루병을 대상으로 병저항성 품종 선발시험을 실시한 결과 15품종 중 슈퍼탑을 포함한 7품종이 잎곰팡이병에 대해 저항성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었으며, 흰가루병의 경우에는 15품종 중 파워킹만이 저항성을 나타내었다. Foliar diseases are major constraints to profitable organic tomato production. Especially, powdery mildew, leaf mold and gray mold of tomato occur severely on organic cultured tomatoes in Korea. This study was conducted to develop organic tomato cultivation technology using environmental-friendly disease control methods (resistance cultivar planting, air circulation fan installation, oil-egg yolk mixtures, and microbial agents). When tomatoes were cultivated in plastic film house installed with air circulation fan, daily range of temperature was decreased by $2{\sim}7^{\circ}C$, average relative humidity was decreased by 1~5% compared to those in plastic house without air circulation fan. Consequently, incidence of tomato leaf mold and tomato gray mold was reduced by 55.0% and 24.4%, respectively. Control effect of microbial agents and oil-egg yolk mixtures against major tomato diseases was examined in plastic house. As a result, the control value of microbial agents against tomato gray mold and tomato leaf mold showed at the range of 49.0~55.9 %(gray mold) and 39.2~58.2%(leaf mold), respectively. The control value of oilegg yolk mixtures against tomato powdery mildew showed 97.6%. Fifteen tomato cultivars were evaluated for disease resistance against leaf mold and powdery mildew in organically cultivated tomato field. Among 15 tomato cultivars, seven cultivars including 'Super-top' were found to be high resistant to tomato leaf mold. Also 'Powerking', one of fifteen tomato cultivars, showed to be high resistant to tomato powdery mildew.

임간재배 시 광조절과 부엽토 처리에 따른 삽주의 생육 및 광합성 특성

전권석,송기선,최규성,김창환,박용배,김종진 한국약용작물학회 2015 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.23 No.2

This study was carried out to determine the effects of light controls and leaf mold on root growth and physiological responses of Atractylodes japonica growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by light controls (100%, 62.5%, 40.3% and 19.7% of full sunlight) and application of leaf mold to soil. Height, stem diameter, number of flower buds and root collar diameter were the highest in leaf mold within 62.5% of full sunlight (relative light intensity 62.5%). And these were the higher in leaf mold within each light level. As the shading level increased, light saturation point and maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. As the light level decreased, SPAD value increased in control and leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, A. japonica was judged worse root growth under the lower light level. It was concluded that the light level was one of the most important factors to produce A. japonica. Also, producing high-quality of A. japonica with the price competitiveness by using leaf mold like the experiment can be an effective way to increase incomes for farmers.

관수주기와 상토조성이 자생 골고사리(Asplenium scolopendrium)의 생육과 생리에 미치는 영향

주진희,방광자,Ju, Jin-Hee,Bang, Kwang-Ja 한국조경학회 2005 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

This study was conducted to examine the growth and physiological characteristics of Asplenium scolopendrium native fern as affected by irrigation times and soil media as an environment modeled on habitate where was sunken-condition. 1. Light intensity was lower in sunken than in non-sunken, but air humidity was higher in sunken about $2040\%$. Soil moisture content was higher with the leaf mold in sunken irrigating 2 times/week. The results of chemical analysis of medium showed that EC, pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, CEC, Exch-Ca, Exch-Mg and Exch-K were higher with leaf mold than sud: leafmold and field soil: sud: leaf mold. 2. In the case of irrigation 2 times/week Asplenium scolopendrium grew well sunken more than non-sunken. As non-sunken condition similar with, 7 times/week irrigation, plant height, frond width, frond length and stipe length increased. In case of soil media, growth of Asplenium scolopendrium was better with leaf mold than that of sand: leafmold or field soil: sand: leaf mold. 3. In the case of irrigation 2 times/week photosynthetic rate, $CO_2$ absorption rate and water efficiency were higher with non-sunken than that of sunken, expect of stomatal conduction, $CO_2$ use efficiency. The physiological characteristics of Asplenium scolopendrium were highest in non-sunken irrigating 7 times/week In case of soil media, physiological activity was higher with leaf mold than sand: leafmold or field soil: sand: leaf mold.

황토유황합제와 님오일을 이용한 토마토 잎곰팡이병 및 작은뿌리파리 방제

이문행,조숙경,김영식 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2017 농업생명과학연구 Vol.51 No.2

This study was carried out to elucidate suppressive effect of loess-sulfur complex and neem oil on the development of leaf mold and fungus gnat in no-pesticide tomato farming system. Since tomato leaf mold occurred 15%, neem oil, loess-sulfur mixture and boscalid(47%, water soluble chemicals) 2,000 times, 1,000 times and 2000 times diluted was treated three times, respectively. When disease incidence of tomato leaf mold was investigated 20 days after final treatment, it was recorded 17% in neem oil treatment(control efficacy 40%) and 12.3% in loess-sulfur mixture treatment(control efficacy 59%). Among three control agents used, Boscalid(47%, water soluble chemicals) showed the best control effect against tomato leaf mold. When neem oil was diluted 250 times, 330 times and 500 times and treated in coir bag infected with fungus gnat, its control values was 69, 59, and 55%, respectively. There was no significant difference among three treatments. As a result, 500-fold diluted neem oil treatment is considered a good measure to control fungus gnat in the field condition.

길항세균 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-2를 이용한 토마토 잎곰팡이병 방제용 미생물 제제

공현기,전옥주,최기혁,이광렬,백정우,이선우,문병주,센틸쿠마무루가이얀,김현주 한국식물병리학회 2010 식물병연구 Vol.16 No.1

토마토 시설재배에서 증가하는 토마토 잎곰팡이병을 방제할 미생물 제제를 병원균 Fulvia fulva에 길항력이 강한 미생물 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-2 균주를 이용하여 개발하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 미생물 A-2 균주를 현미유가 첨가된 배지에서 대량 발효배양하고 각종 전달매체와 첨가제를 혼합하고 건조하여 제조된 미생물 제제들의 효과를 검정하였다. 제조된 제제 A-2H가 방제효과가 가장 우수하였으나 처리에서 단점으로 인해 이를보완하며 효과가 동일한 제형인 A-2MP를 선발하였다. 선발된 A-2MP는 100배, 500배 희석처리 후 생육상에서 토마토에 처리한 경우 화학농약과 대등한 방제효과를 나타내었다. 더욱이 1,000배 희석처리에서도 화학농약보다 효과가 감소하였으나 72% 정도의 방제효과를 보였다. 토마토를 토경재배한 온실에서 A-2MP의 방제효과를 검정한 결과 100배 희석 처리구의 경우 79.4%의 방제효과를 나타내 화학농약 트리후미졸 처리구의 79.6%의 방제효과와 차이가 없었다. A-2MP 제제를 62.2%의 자연발병한 농가의 온실에서 방제효과 검정한 결과 100배 희석액을 일주일 간격으로 3회 처리한 경우 60%의 방제가로 화학농약 방제가 81.6%보다 낮았으나 화학농약 효과의 73% 수준으로 나타났다. 한편, A-2MP제제를 4℃나 25℃ 보관한 경우 모두 10개월동안 생균수 및 방제효과가 안정적으로 유지되었다. 본 연구결과는 저렴한 원료와 길항균 B.amyloliquefaciens A-2 균주를 활용한 A2-MP제제가 토마토 잎곰팡이병 방제용으로 쓰일 수 있음을 보여준다. This study was performed to develop a formulation using an antagonistic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-2 to control tomato leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva. B. amyloliquefaciens A-2 was grown in a medium with rice oil and mixed with various carrier and additives. One of the formulations, A2-MP, showed the best disease control value among the tested formulations. The disease control value of A2-MP at 100-fold and 500-fold diluted treatment was not significantly different from that of chemical fungicide triflumizole in a growth chamber. Although disease control effect was decreased by serial diluted treatment of the prepared A2-MP,1,000-fold diluted treatment of A2-MP still showed high disease control value of 72.0%. For the green house experiments, the disease control values of A2-MP was indicated as 79.4% which is similar to that of chemical fungicide, triflumizole showing 79.6%. When the disease control activity of the formulation A2-MP was compared in tomato production conditions, disease control values of 100-fold diluted A2-MP and 3,000 fold diluted triflumizole exhibited 60%, 81.6%, respectively. The disease control efficiency by A-2MP was 73% of the disease control value of chemical fungicide. The formulation A-2MP maintained the stable bacterial viability and disease control activity when stored at 4℃. This result suggested that A-2MP develped from B. amyloliquefaciens A-2 could be used to control tomato leaf mold.

임간재배 시 차광과 부엽토 처리에 따른 갯기름나물의 생장 및 광합성 특성

송기선 ( Ki Seon Song ),전권석 ( Kwon Seok Jeon ),최규성 ( Kyu Seong Choi ),김창환 ( Chang Hwan Kim ),박용배 ( Yong Bae Park ),김종진 ( Jong Jin Kim ) 한국임학회 2016 한국산림과학회지 Vol.105 No.1

본 연구는 수요가 증가되고 있는 산채인 갯기름나물을 대상으로 임간재배지 내 차광과 부엽토가 갯기름나물의 생장 및 광합성 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 보다 고품질의 갯기름나물을 생산하는 것뿐만아니라 생산량 증대 및 친환경 재배기술 개발에 이바지하고자 하였다. 실험은 전광 및 35%, 50%, 75% 차광으로 총 4차광처리와 부엽토처리(대조구, 침엽부엽토, 활엽부엽토)를 하였다. 초장, 줄기직경, 근원직경, 줄기수, 건중량은 전광 내 활엽부엽토에서 가장 높았으며, 엽면적, 엽장, 엽폭은 35% 차광 내 활엽부엽토에서 가장 높았다. 광합성, 기공전도도, 증산율, 수분이용효율은 전광 내 활엽부엽토에서 가장 높았다. 특히, 광합성률은 모든 차광에서 활엽부엽토가 높게 조사되었으며, 차광률이 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 갯기름나물을 친환경적으로 재배하기 위해서는 임간재배에서 35% 차광(상대광도 51.1%) 후 활엽부엽토를 이용하는 것이 가장 좋은 생장을 보여 생산량 증대와 고품질 갯기름나물의 생산에 가장 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. This study was carried out to determine the effects of shading and leaf mold treatment on growth characteristics and photosynthesis responses of Peucedanum japonicum in forest farming. It is very valuable as a sort of health food, so that the demand for the vegetable has increased recently. The experiment can not only increase the yield but also contribute to the development of eco-friendly technology for high-quality P. japonicum. It was performed by shading treatments (full sunlight, 35%, 50% and 75% shading) and leaf mold treatments (control, pine tree and chestnut tree). Height, stem diameter, root collar diameter, number of stem and dry weight were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under 35% shading. Photosynthetic rate, conductance to H2O, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Specially, photosynthetic rate was higher under chestnut-leaf mold in all shading treatment, and getting lower in the higher shading rate. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that P. japonicum grows nicely by maintaining 35% shading under chestnutleaf mold in forest farming. Thus, it is the most effective way to increase the yield for high-quality P. japonicum with eco-friendly technology.

Design of a Biofilter Packed with Crab Shell and Operation of the Biofilter Fed with Leaf Mold Solution as a Nutrient

Hyeouk Man Kwon,Sung Ho Yeom 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.2

After measuring toluene adsorption (15.7 mg-toluene/g-material), water holding capacity (18.5%), organic content (53.8%), specific surface area (18.1 m2/g-material), and microbial attachment, crab shells were chosen as the main packing material for a biofilter design. The crab shells, cheap and abundant in the Gangneung area, also have relatively rigid structure, low density, and ability to neutralize acids generated during mineralization of toluene. Since towel scraps have water holding capacity as high as 301.2%, 10% of the total packing was supplemented with them to compensate for low water holding capacity of the crab shells. The biofilter fed with defined chemical medium under 0.8~1.3 mg/L of inlet toluene concentration and 18 seconds of residence time showed satisfactory removal efficiency of over 97% and 72.8 g/h·m3 of removal capacity. For the purpose of deceasing operation costs, leaf mold solution was tried as an alternative nutrient instead of a defined chemical medium. The removal efficiency and removal capacity were 85% and 56.3 g/h·m3, respectively, using the same inlet toluene concentration and residence time. This research shows the possibility of recycling crab shell waste as packing material for biofilter. In addition, leaf mold was able to serve as an alternative nutrient, which remarkably decreased the operating cost of the biofilter After measuring toluene adsorption (15.7 mg-toluene/g-material), water holding capacity (18.5%), organic content (53.8%), specific surface area (18.1 m2/g-material), and microbial attachment, crab shells were chosen as the main packing material for a biofilter design. The crab shells, cheap and abundant in the Gangneung area, also have relatively rigid structure, low density, and ability to neutralize acids generated during mineralization of toluene. Since towel scraps have water holding capacity as high as 301.2%, 10% of the total packing was supplemented with them to compensate for low water holding capacity of the crab shells. The biofilter fed with defined chemical medium under 0.8~1.3 mg/L of inlet toluene concentration and 18 seconds of residence time showed satisfactory removal efficiency of over 97% and 72.8 g/h·m3 of removal capacity. For the purpose of deceasing operation costs, leaf mold solution was tried as an alternative nutrient instead of a defined chemical medium. The removal efficiency and removal capacity were 85% and 56.3 g/h·m3, respectively, using the same inlet toluene concentration and residence time. This research shows the possibility of recycling crab shell waste as packing material for biofilter. In addition, leaf mold was able to serve as an alternative nutrient, which remarkably decreased the operating cost of the biofilter

Screening of Some Indigenous and Exotic Mulberry Varieties against Major Foliar Fungal and Bacterial Diseases

Maji M.D.,Sau H.,Das B.K.,Urs S. Raje Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.12 No.1

Fifty-six indigenous and twenty nine exotic mulberry varieties were screened against powdery mildew, Myrothecium leaf spot, Pseudocercospora leaf spot, sooty mold and bacterial leaf spot for a period of three years under field condition. The percent disease index (PDI) was recorded during peak season of the foliar diseases. Out of eighty-five varieties studied, ten varieties were highly resistant and eight were resistant to powdery mildew; six varieties were immune and seventy-eight varieties were highly resistant to Myrothecium leaf spot; sixty varieties were highly resistant and 21 were resistant to Pseudocercospora leaf spot; forty four varieties were highly resistant to sooty mold and two varieties were immune and fifty-eight were highly resistant to bacterial leaf spot. Lowest cumulatative disease index was observed in M. multicaulis (7.28) followed by Thailand lobed (7.85) and Italian mulberry (8.06).