A Study on ICD-11 through Mapping to KCD-8 - Focusing on the Circulatory and Respiratory System -

이현경,부유경 한국웰빙융합학회 2023 웰빙융합연구 Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: This research aims to facilitate a smooth transition from KCD-8 to ICD-11 through the study of ICD-11. Research design, data and methodology: Skilled Health Information Managers (HIMs) in Korea performed manual mapping and conducted a study of the code structure of ICD-11 chapters 11 and 12. Results: When comparing the granularity between ICD-11 and KCD-8, 58.1% of ICD-11 codes showed higher granularity, and 38.6% had similar granularity. The granularity of the circulatory system was higher than that of the respiratory system. When comparing the KCD-8 codes mapped by ICD-11 with the total 924 KCD-8 codes, it was found that about 50% of KCD-8 codes were not mapped to ICD-11. This means that 50% of diseases in the KCD-8 do not have individual codes as they did in ICD-11. Conclusions: ICD-11 demonstrated high granularity, indicating its effectiveness in describing cutting-edge medical technology in modern society. However, we also observed that some diseases were removed from KCD-8, while others were added to ICD-11. To ensure smooth statistics transition from KCD-8 to ICD-11, especially for leading domestic diseases, integrated management, including the preparation of KCD-9 reflecting ICD-11 and ICD-11 training, will be necessary through the analysis of new codes and the removal of codes.

한국판 ICD-11 성격장애 심각도 평가 (PDS-ICD-11)의 타당화

권은정,김율리,김미리혜,곽경화,양재원 한국건강심리학회 2023 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.28 No.1

The 11th edition of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases(ICD-11) provides a new diagnostic approach for personality disorders. Accordingly, Bach et al.(2021) have recently developed a self-report measure, the Personality Disorder Severity ICD-11(PDS-ICD-11), to assess personality severity. This study aims to translate the PDS-ICD-11 into Korean and examine its reliability and validity in university students(N=433). Results are as follows. First, the PDS-ICD-11 showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Second, results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed that the Korean version of the PDS-ICD-11 consisted of three factors: self-functioning/psychological impairment/interpersonal-functioning, emotional manifestations, and behavioral manifestations. Third, as a result of confirmatory factor analysis, model fit indices of three-factor structure were acceptable as compared to the one-factor structure. Fourth, PDS-ICD-11 had significant positive correlations with negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, and psychoticism of K-PID-SF. It was also significantly correlated with negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, and borderline features among domains of the PAQ-11. However, it was not correlated with anankastia. Moreover, it was positively correlated with neuroticism but negatively correlated with extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness in the NEO-FFI. SAPAS-SR, SFQ, and DASS-21 were also significantly correlated with PDS-ICD-11. In COMOSWB, total score, satisfaction, and positive emotion had significant negative correlations with PDS-ICD-11. However, negative emotion had a significant positive correlation with PDS-ICD-11. This study suggested that the Korean version of the PDS-ICD-11 is a valid and reliable measure of ICD-11 personality severity. Implications and limitations of this study were also discussed.

ICD-11의 국내외 주요 이슈 및 향후 과제

김혜지,안미선,이여진,우혜경 한국보건정보통계학회 2022 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.47 No.4

The 11th revision the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is new classification system suitable for the pace of development of modern technology. Computerization and ontology-based design are expected to be highly scalable and interoperable in inte- gration and connection with other classification systems. However, when introduced in Korea, structural changes are feared to interfere with the linkage between disease codes. This study briefly introduced ICD-11 and examined related literature and mapping case trends. The interest in ICD-11 in Korea was lower than in other countries, and tend to pay attention to socio-economic repercussions. Research was mainly conducted focusing on ‘Chapter 2 Neoplasms’ and ‘Chapter 6 Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders’. Through a mapping case study, it was confirmed that ICD-11 is a highly useful classification system, and guidance on post-coordination, such as the sequence and criteria of the expansion code, is needed. Proper preparation is required until ICD-11 is officially implemented in Korea. The role of the government is important at all stages from the introduction to maintenance of ICD-11, and efforts and attention to adaptation of all classified users in the health care industry are needed. .

세계보건기구 국제질병분류 1 판 베타버전 중 한의학 고유 상병의 로마자 표기 및 영문표현 검토연구

김진엽,안창식,조희진,김규리,강다현,이종란,김용석 대한침구의학회 2015 대한침구의학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review and propose improvements for the Roman- ization and English expressions in the WHO international classification of diseases 11th revision beta version (ICD-11b) traditional medicine chapter. Methods: ICD-11b as of October 5, 2015, was reviewed. Romanization and English expressions were analyzed with reference to existing standards such as the Basic Principles of Roman- ization stipulated by the National Institute of Korean Language, and the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD), suggested improvements followed. Results: Following the Basic Principles of Romanization, 131 ICD-11b rubrics need improvement in the Romanization of Korean. When compared to KCD-6 comparable rubrics, 161 ICD-11b rubrics are the same and 64 are different. When compared to KCD-7 comparable rubrics, 118 ICD-11b rubrics are the same, and 51 are different. In KCD-6, there are 127 rubrics that do not match with items in ICD-11b. In KCD-7, there are 123 rubrics that do not match with items in ICD-11b. Conclusions : ICD-11b may be improved by correcting the Romanization and consideration of English expressions suggested in this study.

ICD-11과의 비교를 통한 한의학 처방데이터 내의 인체부위 용어 분석 연구

김안나,이상훈,오용택,Kim, Anna,Lee, Sanghun,Oh, Yongtaek 대한한의학방제학회 2022 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

Objective : This study aims to analyze the current use of body part terminology in Korean medicine formula data by comparing with ICD-11 body part terminology as a criteria. Methods : Body part terminology was extracted from the main treatment data within the Korean Medicine formula ontology and was analyzed in comparison with the ICD-11 body part terminology. Results : Out of 113 body part terminologies in Korean medicine, 92 were corresponded with ICD in a one-to-one, one-to-multi, or multi-to-one relation. Also, most body part terminologies were corresponded to superordinate concepts of ICD while 21 terminologies were not able to be corresponded to ICD. Conclusion : A majority of body part terminology in formula data could be corresponded to ICD but mostly refered to superordinate concepts. Results showed various types of corresponding relation which requires further study for precise and detailed correspondence. Also, study showed some terminologies were not applicable for correspondence which were mostly a unique body part concept of Korean medicine which requires further study to present Korean Medicine knowledge accurately in the language of ICD.

ICD-11 기반 청소년 도박문제 선별 척도 개발 및 타당화

권선중,김에스더 한국청소년학회 2024 청소년학연구 Vol.31 No.2

This study was conducted to develop and validate an instrument to assess the level of gambling problem among Korean adolescents based on the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder. For this purpose, 12 preliminary items were selected through expert content validation after constructing basic items based on the three ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder. Then, a preliminary survey was conducted with 300 adolescents with gambling experience through an online panel to select 10 final items, and a main survey was conducted with 700 adolescents with gambling experience to verify the reliability and validity of the scale. As a result of the analysis, the developed scale was confirmed to have an appropriate structural model according to the three diagnostic criteria of ICD-11, and convergent validity was confirmed by showing a significant positive correlation with the frequency of Internet gambling behavior and the Korean version DSM-IV-MR-J, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability analysis showed stable reliability. Finally, the ROC curve analysis for screening the "problem group" confirmed that the diagnostic accuracy of the calculated cut-off point (10 points) was excellent. These results suggest that the developed adolescent problem gambling screening scale can reliably and validly assess problem gambling in adolescents. Finally, the significance, implications, and recommendations of this study are discussed in detail.

청소년 게임중독의 의료화 현상에 대한 연구

안재경 서울사이버대학교 미래사회전략연구소 2023 미래사회 Vol.14 No.2

In January 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially recognized “gaming disorder” as a mental illness and included it in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This decision categorized gaming as a form of addictive behavior disorder, thereby medicalizing it. Although medicalization can provide treatment options for individuals affected by gaming addiction, concerns about pathologizing normal behaviors and everyday problems arise. This study focused on the potential issues associated with medicalizing gaming addiction, particularly among adolescents by summarizing previously published studies. Findings highlight several key points. First, the ICD-11 gaming addiction diagnosis is unclear and lacks specificity because it distorts the distinction between excessive immersion in gaming and pathological addiction. Second, gaming addiction tends to be transient and primarily occurs during adolescence, suggesting that it may not persist in adulthood. Finally, a lack of empirical evidence determines whether problematic gaming behaviors stem from underlying mental disorders or are a direct consequence of the games. Labeling gaming addiction as a separate disorder lacks practical utility, and its validity remains uncertain. This study critically examines the medicalization process and its development and changes over time. Potential future directions regarding the medicalization phenomenon are also discussed. 세계보건기구(WHO)는 2022년 1월 발효된 국제질병분류 11차 개정안에서 ‘게임이용 장애(gaming disorder)’를 등재했다. 이 결정으로 인해, 게임중독은 정식 질병코드를 부여받고 정신적 질병의 한 종류로 지정되었다. 특정상태나 행동을 의학적 틀을 적용해 판단하는 ‘의료화’(medicalization)는 고통 받는 사람들을 위한 치료의 근거를 마련할 수 있지만, 동시에 정상적으로 여겨질 수 있는 일상생활의 문제를 병리적으로 해석한다는 비판을 받는다. 이러한 논의들에 근거해 본 연구는 게임중독의 의료화가 특히 청소년시기에 적용될 경우 발생할 잠재적 문제점들을 문헌연구를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 연구결과 세계보건기구의 국제질병표준분류기준(ICD-11)가 제시한 게임중독 진단은 기능적 손상을 강조하여 게임에 대한 ‘몰입’과 ‘병적인 중독’ 간의 경계를 구분하기 어렵게 만드는 등 기준이 모호하고, 게임중독의 문제가 청소년 시기에만 발생하는 일시적인 문제일 가능성이 있고, 게임중독이 다른 근본적인 정신 장애에 의해 발생하는 것인지 아니면 게임 자체로 인한 결과인지에 대한 실증적 근거가 충분하지않음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해, 게임중독을 별도의 장애로 구분하여 명명하는 실익은 높지않으며 그 타당성이 확보되지 않았음을 제시했다. 의료화 현상의 발달과 변화과정을 비판적으로 검토하고, 이에 대한 향후 전망을 서술하였다

게임 질병코드 도입에 따른 게임 이용장애인에 대한 낙인효과: 일반인의 자아 개념과 문화 차원의 성향을 중심으로

최호진,전종우 한국헬스커뮤니케이션학회 2020 헬스커뮤니케이션연구 Vol.19 No.2

This study explored stigma effects on people with gaming disorder when gaming disorder is included to ICD-11(International Classification Diseases-11). Using general samples, the roles of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and cultural dimensions on stigma perceptions are investigated. The findings of this study showed that female and older people reacted more sensitively on stigma perceptions. Self-esteem is negatively related to Impossibility to recover and Incompetence. For cultural orientation, power distance and masculinity positively influenced dangerousness and impossibility to recover. Distinguishability and incompetence are influenced by power distance, masculinity, and collectivism. People who agree to the inclusion of gaming disorder to ICD-11 positively perceived dangerousness, distinguishability, and incompetence. Relationship with impossibility to recover showed limited significance. These results could provide implications that inclusion of gaming disorder to ICD-11 could evoke stigma effects on people with gaming disorder. 본 연구는 게임이용장애의 질병코드 도입으로 인하여 발생하는 게임이용장애를 가진 사람들의 낙인효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 일반인들을 대상으로 설문 조사를 시행하여 인구통계 변인과 이용자의 자아 개념인 자존감, 자기효능감, 그리고 문화 차원이 낙인 인식에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 검증해보았다. 분석 결과, 낙인효과에 인구 통계적인 변인의 경우 여자가 더 민감하게 반응하였고, 자존감이 낮은 사람들이 회복 불능과 무능력과 관련된 낙인 인식이 강하였다. 문화적 차원의 영향력에서는 권력거리와 남성성이 위험과 회복 불능 인식을 높이고 있었고, 식별 가능과 무능력에는 권력거리와 남성성과 함께 집단주의 성향도 추가로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 불확실성 회피 성향은 낙인 인식을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 질병코드 도입에 찬성하는 사람들은 회복 불능을 제외하고 위험, 식별 가능, 무능력에 정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 이러한 결과는 게임이용장애 질병코드 도입이 게임이용장애를 가진 사람에게 낙인이 될 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

“게임 이용행위”의 질병적 취급의 문제점에 관한 고찰

정정원 ( Jeong-won Jeong ) 한국법정책학회 2019 법과 정책연구 Vol.19 No.4

2019년 5월, 세계보건기구(WHO)는 “게임이용 장애(Gaming Disorder)”를 그 내용으로 포함하는 국제질병분류 11차 개정안(ICD-11)을 통과시켰다. ICD-11은 한국표준질병·사인분류(KCD)의 개정에 반영될 것으로 추정되고 있고, 향후 질병이나 보건문제와 관련한 국내의 법제도에도 영향을 미치게 될 것으로 예측되고 있다. “게임이용 장애”와 관련한 논의는 종래 진행되었던 이른바 “게임중독”과 관련한 논의와는 그 중점적 논의대상을 달리하는 것으로 파악하는 것이 적정하다고 할 것이다. 게임의 이용행위를 “게임이용 장애”의 이름 아래 질병적으로 취급하는 것은 다음과 같은 점들에서 문제점을 가지고 있는 것으로 파악할 수 있다. 1. “게임이용 장애”를 판단함에 있어 “게임의 이용행위” 및 “부정적 결과의 발생”의 개념 및 포섭 범위의 불명확성, 2. 다양한 디지털미디어 중 “게임”을 차별적으로 취급하는 것의 적정성 여부, 3. 「정신장애(의) 진단 및 통계 편람」 2013년판(DSM-5)에서 논의된 바 있는 “인터넷 게임(이용) 장애”와의 상이한 평가의 적정성 여부, 4. 국제기구 권고 사항의 무비판적 국내 수용의 적정성 여부, 5. 게임 이용행위의 긍정적인 효과를 고려할 필요성이 있는 점, 6. 게임 이용행위의 질병적 취급의 부수적 효과로서의 낙인 효과 등의 발생에 따른 문제, 7. “과잉규범화”의 가능성에 대한 우려 등이 그것이다. 게임 이용행위의 질병적 취급과 관련한 문제의 해결을 위해서는, 객관적이고 검증 가능한 연구에 기반하여 논의 사항을 명확하게 하고, 그 논의 과정에 있어 사회 전반의 적극적인 참여기회가 보장될 필요가 있다고 할 것이다. In May 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) passed the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), which included "Gaming Disorder". ICD-11 is estimated to be reflected in the revision of the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD), and is expected to affect Korean legal system regarding diseases and health issues in the future. It would be appropriate to realize that the discussion regarding "Gaming Disorder" differs from the discussion on so-called "Game Addiction". The pathological treatment of "Gaming Behaviors" under the name of "Gaming Disorder" can be identified as having problems in the following points: 1. Uncertainty in the concept and coverage of "(a) Gaming behavior" and "the occurrence of negative consequences" in determining "Gaming Disorder"; 2. Whether it is appropriate to treat "(the) Game" differently among various digital media; 3. Whether the different assessments of "Internet Gaming Disorder" discussed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) are appropriate; 4. Whether the uncriticized domestic acceptance of international organization recommendations is appropriate; 5. There is a need to consider the positive effects of "Gaming behaviors"; 6. Problems arising from the occurrence of such a "Labeling effect" as the incidental effect of be regarded as a disease of "Gaming behaviors"; 7. Concerns about the possibility of "Excessive normativeization". In order to solve the problem related to the pathological treatment of "(a) gaming behavior", it will be necessary to clarify the discussion based on objective and verifiable research and to ensure active participation opportunities across society in the course of the discussion.

한국판 사회기능척도를 이용한 성격장애의 심각도에 따른 사회적 기능 이상

김율리,황순택,김성곤,이홍석 대한신경정신의학회 2015 신경정신의학 Vol.54 No.4

Objectives The aims of this study were to examine validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Social Function Questionnaire (SFQ) and evaluated social function with SFQ in patients with personality disorder. Methods The SFQ was administered to 186 psychiatric patients (155 patients with personality disorder and 31 patients without personality disorder), and 22 healthy men were recruited to ex¬amine the test-retest reliability of SFQ. The severity of personality disorders was determined using the proposed the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11th revision (ICD-11) personality disorders. All participants completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory to examine the convergent validity of SFQ. Results The Korean version of the SFQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s al¬pha=0.811) and test-retest reliability (r=0.746). Patients with personality disorder had more social dysfunction than those without personality disorder. A graded increase in social dysfunction was observed with increasing severity of personality disorder. Social dysfunction showed a strong lin¬ear relationship with the 5 factor model. Conclusion The Korean version of the SFQ has good psychometric properties. The results of our study support the severity classification of personality disorder integrated to upcoming ICD-11.