Clinical Analysis of Symptoms and Oriental Medical Prescriptions According to Elapsed Time of Stroke in Oriental Medical Hospital Inpatients

윤현자,성강경 대한한의학방제학회 2012 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

The phase of disease is an important factor for diagnosis and prescription in the oriental medical area. Stroke patients have neurologic symptoms associated with damaged brain areas1). In addition to those protopathic symptoms, various secondary symptoms also are caused in the development process of stroke1). These successive symptoms are appeared diversely in a manner of physiologic or psychological side and become very important factors in terms of diagnosis and prescription of stroke patients in oriental medical treatment2). The symptom is affected by diverse factors such as damaged brain area, stroke type, sex, ages, elapsed time, complications, genetic factor and environmental factor3). However, it is not easy to understand the correlation between unique symptom, or oriental medicine prescription and the factors affecting stroke symptom. This study adopted a retrospective method which investigates medical records for 205 stroke patients admitted at the oriental medical hospital in the year 2010. We analyzed correlation between manifested symptoms, the oriental medicine prescription, and laboratory test results of stroke patients and elapsed time.

척수 경막내 종양의 임상적 특징 및 수술결과

김환정,구제윤,배경완,강종원,박건영,강성일,최원식 대한척추외과학회 2011 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Study Design: A retrospective study about spinal intradural tumor. Objectives: We analyzed clinical symptom, findings of MRI, and surgical outcome of spinal intradural tumor. Summary of Literature Review: Intradural tumors are not commonly reported and they show non-specific clinical features. Materials and Methods: In this study, 18 patients who underwent surgical treatment and radiologically and pathologically diagnosed as spinal intradural tumor from 1997 to 2009 were reviewed. We evaluated pain, neurological symptoms, location of tumor as well as degrees of signal intensity and its enhancement of MRI(T1 and T2). And clinical outcomes were analyzed according to Klekamp-Samii scoring system and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). Results: All patients were clinically suffered from back pain and radiating pain of lower extremity including 3 patients with neurological symptoms. We radiologically found single tumor in 16 cases and masses more than two lesion in 2 cases. 1 case was located on cord level(T7), 14 cases cauda equine level, and 3 cases sacral level. We performed laminectomy in 18 cases and posterior instrumentation was applied to 8 cases. In clinical features, mean Klekamp-Samii score was improved from 21.6 to 23.5(p<0.05) and VAS was recovered from 5.2 to 3.0 (p<0.05). Conclusions: Spinal intradural tumor has non-specific clinical symptoms. Therefore we should perform MRI to find intradural tumor and active management including surgical treatment should be performed due to clinically good results. Key Words: Spinal intradural tumor, MRI, Clinical symptom

흡연여부에 따른 남자 고등학생의 식행동, 영양소 섭취, 임상 증세 및 혈액성상의 차이

김기남,이순상,현태선 대한영양사협회 2002 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.8 No.3

The purpose of this study was to compare food behaviors, nutrient intake, clinical symptoms, and hematological findings by smoking status. Among the third grade male students from a high school in Jinchun-kun, 31 smokers and 31 non-smokers participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate food behaviors and clinical symptoms. Nutrient intake data were collected by 24-hour recall method. Blood sample was drawn from each subject to determine the levels of hemoglobin, protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, etc. The major findings were as follows: First, smokers consumed every food group except fat & oil less frequently than non-smokers, while they consumed instant food, coffee, alcoholic beverages more frequently than non-smokers. Dietary habits of smokers such as regularity, balanced diet skipping meals were worse than those of non-smokers. Second, intakes of energy, fat, carbohydrate, and β-carotene of smokers were tower than those of non-smokers. Third, smokers felt fatigue and other adverse symptoms more often than non-smokers. Fourth, the levels of hemoglobin, albumin and HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in smokers than nonsmokers. Fifth, Smoking history was negatively correlated with food behaviors, energy intake and clinical symptoms. These results suggest that food behaviors, nutrient intakes, hematological findings and clinical symptoms of male high school students were affected by smoking. Therefore, in order to decrease smoking rate of the students, the effect of smoking on nutritional and health status should be informed and nutrition education should be offered to the students.

도시 저소득층 노인들의 영양 및 건강상태 조사와 급식이 노인들의 영양 및 건강 상태의 개선에 미치는 영향 -IV. 급식이 도시 저소득층 노인들의 무기질 영양 상태 및 임상 증상에 미치는 영향-

손숙미,박양자,구재옥,김숙배,이경신,윤혜영 대한지역사회영양학회 1996 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.1 No.3

The effect of meal service for home-staying, urban elderly with low income on their mineral status and prevalence of clinical symptoms was evaluated. One hundred. One hundred and eighty three subjects were assigned to meal-served(served) and non-served(non-served)groups. A meal containing approximately one half of the RDA for energy, protein, calcium and iron was served as lunch every day to served group at a welfare center. Dietary, biochemical and clinical data were collected before and after 6 months of meal service and the changes of parameters were analyzed with paired t-test. served female showed significantly increased intake of calcium. The mean hemoglobin, serum iron, TIBC and serum copper of female were significantly increase with meal service. The proportion of anemic female compared to reference data on hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum iron were 45.5$\%$, 29.1$\%$ and 16.4$\%$ respectively, but were lowered to 18.2$\%$, 7.3$\%$, and 5.5$\%$ after 6 months of meal service. served male showed significant increase in MCHC, serum copper, and urinary Na. The urinary Ca/Creatinine, which is often used as an index of bone resorption, was decreased significantly in served group. The decrease in the proportion of served women suffering from edema of ankle and diarrhea was most apparent and less women reported feeling clinical symptoms of dizziness, constipation, difficulty in hearing, and coughing after meal service. The symptoms of benumbness of hands and feet and coughing was lowered most among men after meal service. Clinical symptoms of non-served elderly did not show improvement in feeling clinical symptoms except slightly decreased frequency in coughing of female and buzzing sound in the ears and diarrhea of male.

도시와 지방에 거주하는 남자 중학생의 두발 중 무기질 함량, 영양섭취상태, 및 임상증상과의 관련성

김미현(Mi Hyun Kim),최미경(Mi Kyeong Choi),전예숙(Ye Sook Jun),조혜경(Hye Kyung Cho),승정자(Chung Ja Sung) 대한지역사회영양학회 2007 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Minerals play important roles in biological processes. Hair mineral analysis has the advantages of conveniences in sampling and observing the profiles of multiple minerals simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to compare hair mineral contents between urban and local middle school students, and to find out the relation with nutrient intakes and clinical symptoms. Ten nutritional minerals and 7 environmental mineral contents were analyzed in the hair samples of 44 and 37 male students who resided in urban and local area, respectively. And their nutrient intake and clinical symptom score were estimated from questionnaire. The average age, height, and weight were 15.1 years, 168.4 cm, 56.8 kg in urban subjects and 15.4 years, 169.1 cm, 61.9 kg in local subjects, respectively. The residence types were apartment (63.6%) and small-sized apartment (22.7%) in urban subjects and apartment (51.4%) and house (37.8%) in local subjects. The primary water sources were purified water (38.3%), running water (18.2%) in urban subjects and purified water (32.4%), underground water (27.0%) in local subjects, respectively. Daily energy and nutrient intakes were not significantly different between two groups. Among the surveyed 17 clinical symptoms, the scores of constipation, cold, anxieties and total score of clinical symptoms in urban subjects were significantly lower than those in local subjects. Hair contents of Na, Mg, Ca, Cu, V, Al, As were significantly higher, while U was lower in urban subjects compared to those in rural subjects. Hair contents of Ni and U were significantly correlated with food intake, and Cr, V, Al, Sb, As, U showed a correlation with energy intake. Hair Mg level showed significantly negative correlation with total clinical symptom score. In conclusion, hair mineral profile between urban and local students was significantly different. And some of these minerals were significantly correlated with food and nutrient intakes. Especially hair magnesium was significantly correlated with total clinical symptom score. Therefore, hair mineral levels would be needed for more systematic study elucidating potentiality as a useful clinical tool. (Korean J Community Nutrition 12(2) : 133~141, 2007)

임상간호사의 감정노동과 우울 간의 관계에서 소진의 매개효과

백지윤,현대성,정다이,장세진 한국보건사회학회 2017 보건과 사회과학 Vol.0 No.46

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the association between emotional labor and depressive symptom, and to find out the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between emotional labor and depressive symptom in Korean clinical nurses. We conducted a multiple regression analyses to determine the relationships between emotional labor, burnout and depressive symptom in a sample of 606 nurses from six Korean hospitals. The results show that five sub-scales of emotional labor was positively correlated with burnout and depressive symptom, and burnout partially mediates the relations of ‘emotional damage and hurt’, ‘organizational surveillance and monitoring’ to depressive symptom. Burnout did not have a significant mediating effect on the relationship of ‘emotional demands and regulations’, ‘overload and conflicts during customer service’ and ‘lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization’ to depressive symptom. This result indicates that it is required to develop the strategies that target both burnout and emotional labor, given that burnout partially mediated the effects of emotional labor on depressive symptom, and emotional labor was directly associated with depressive symptom, to reduce nurses’ depressive symptom. 본 연구는 임상간호사를 대상으로 감정노동 하위요인별 우울 간의 관련성을 분석하고 감정노동과우울 간의 관계에서 소진의 매개역할을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 감정노동으로 인해 발생할 수있는 정신건강문제 및 소진의 발생 과정에 대한 이해를 돕고 나아가서는 우울 및 소진을 관리할 수있는 적극적인 중재전략에 기여하고자 한다. 이를 위해 전국의 6개 3차 대학병원에 근무하는 임상간호사 606명을 대상으로 자료를 분석하였다. 통계분석방법은 감정노동과 우울과의 관계에서 소진의매개효과를 파악하기 위하여 단순 및 다중 회귀 분석을 시행하였고, Baron과 Kenny(1986)의 3단계매개효과 검증 절차를 이용하여 분석하였다. 간호사의 소진은 감정노동의 하부요인 중 감정부조화 및손상, 조직의 감시 및 모니터링 요인이 우울 간의 관계에서 부분적 매개효과가 있었다.

흡연이 정신분열병 환자의 임상 증상 및 혈청 Prolactin에 미치는 영향

우행원,임원정,연규월,Woo, Haing-Won,Lim, Weon-Jeong,Yun, Kyu-Wol 한국정신신체의학회 1997 정신신체의학 Vol.5 No.2

본 연구는 정신분열병 환자의 흡연성향 및 흡연이 임상양상이나 증상, 혈청 prolactin에 미치는 영향을 조사해 보고자 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 흡연군과 비흡연군의 연령, 발병연령, 이환기간, 복용하는 항정신병 약물 및 항파킨슨 약물의 용량은 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 기호 식품인 커피를 매일 한잔이상 마신다고 답한 경우가 흡연군에서 유의하게 많았다(p<0.05). 2) 흡연 이유는 긴장 완화(85.7%), 권태로움을 피하고 싶어서(45.2%), 습관(38.1%), 친구들과 어울리고 싶어서나 또는 친구를 모방(23.8%)하여 담배를 피운다고 응답했다. 80.1%가 금연을 시도했었으나, 94%에서 craving때문에 금연에 실패하였다. 금단증상으로 불안감(52.9%), 정신과적 증상의 악화(23.5%), 환청의 악화(8.8%), 약물부작용의 악화(14.7%), 졸리움의 증가(47.1%)등이 있었다. 3) BPRS 총점수는 흡연군과 비흡연군에서 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 불안척도가 흡연군에서 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). HAM-D에 의한 우울증상 및 SCL-90-R의 대인관계 민감도 항목과 공포증 항목이 흡연군에서 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). PANSS. AIMS는 두군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4) 흡연군에서는 혈청 prolactin이 비흡연군에 비해 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.01) 공변량분석결과 흡연이 혈청 prolactin에 의미 있는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.(p<0.05). 5) 정신 분열병 환자에서 금연 유도시 적절한 항불안 약물이나 항우울 약물의 일시적인 병합치료로서 금단증상을 최소화 시켜야 하며, 환자들의 낮은 자존심 및 높은 의존심을 충족시키는 정신치료가 병행되어야 될 것으로 사료된다.hromatography를 반복(反復)하여 stilbene 계열(系列)의 화합물(化合物)인 Rhapontigenin (Compound 1)과 Rhaponticin (Compound 2)을 얻었다. S. aureus SG 511에 대(對)해 Rhapontigenin은 50 mg/ml 이상(以上) 농도(濃度)에서 항균(抗菌) 효과(效果)를 나타내었고, Rhaponticin은 $200\;mg/m{\ell}$ 농도(濃度)에서 미약(微弱)하게 유효(有效)한 항균(抗菌) 효과(效果)를 나타내었으며, B. subtilis ATCC 6633에 대(對)해 Rhapontigenin은 50 mg/ml 이상(以上) 농도(濃度)에서 항균(抗菌) 효과(效果)를 나타내었고, Rhaponticin은 200 mg/ml 농도(濃度)에서 우수(優秀)한 항균(抗菌) 효과(效果)를 나타내었으며, 100 mg/ml 농도(濃度)에서 미약(微弱)하게 유효(有效)한 항균(抗菌) 효과(效果)를 나타내었다. 또한 E. coli 055에 대(對)해서는 Rhapontigenin과 Rhaponticin 모두 200 mg/ml 농도(濃度)에서 미약(微弱)하게 유효(有效)한 항균(抗菌) 효과(效果)를 나타내었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 보아 선방활명음(仙方活命飮)의 항균(抗菌) 효능(效能)은 군약(君藥)인 대황(大黃)의 성분(成分) 중(中)의 하나인 stilbene 계열(系列)의 화합물(化合物)인 Rhapontigenin과 Rhaponticin의 작용(作用)에 의(依)한 것이며, 이는 한의학(韓醫學) 방제(方劑) 원리(原理)인 군신좌사(君臣佐使) 이론(理論)에서 군약(君藥)이 주증(主症)에 주(主)로 작용(作用)하는 약물(藥物)이라는 것을 밝혀주는 것이라고 사료(思料)된다. This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of smoking behavior and the effects of smoking on clinical symptoms and level of serum prolactin in schizophrenic patients. Methods : 76 male schizophrenic patients answered the questionnaire about the characteristics of smoking patterns. And patients were assessed by brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS), positive and negative syndrome scle(PANSS), Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAM-D), assessment for involuntary movement scale(AIMS) and symptom checklist 90 R(SCL-90-R). Serum prolactin levels were measured by enzymeimmunoassay. Results: 1) The frequences of drinking coffee were significantly higher in smokers. The reasons for smoking were to relieve tension, to avoid boredom, due to habit and to do with friends. 80.1% of smokers tried quitting, but smoking was relapsed due to craving and withdrawal symptoms. 2) No significant difference was seen in mean neuropeltic doses, scores of PANSS and AIMS. But as for BPRS, scores of anxiety/depression subscale were significanly lower in smokers. Scores of HAM-D and scores of interpersonal sensitivity and phobia among SCL-90-R were significantly lower. 3) Levels of serum prolactin were significanlty lower in smokers. Conclusion : These findings suggest that in schisophrenia smoking relieves anxiety and depression subjectively But decreased prolactin levels may suggest that the possibility of increased dopamine in CNS.

Ginseng for managing menopause symptoms

Myung-Sunny Kim,Hyun-Ja Lim,Hye Jeong Yang,Myeong Soo Lee,Byung-Cheul Shin,Edzard Ernst 고려인삼학회 2013 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.37 No.1

The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of ginseng as a treatment option for managing menopause symptoms. We searched the literature using 11 databases from their inception to 26 September 2012 and included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that compared any type of ginseng to a placebo controls in postmenopausal women. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using a Cochrane risk of bias tool. Four RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Most RCTs had high risk of bias. One RCT showed that Korean red ginseng (KRG) significantly improved sexual arousal and global health compared with placebo. Another RCT reported the superiority of KRG over placebo for treating menopause symptoms on Kupperman’s index and menopausal rating score. The third RCT failed to show a significant effect of KRG on hot flash frequency compared to placebo. The fourth RCT found beneficial effects of ginseng compared to placebo on depression and well-being. In conclusion, the evidence on ginseng as an effective treatment for managing menopause symptoms is limited. Most of the RCTs are burdened with a high risk of bias. Thus firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Rigorous studies seem warranted.

Ginseng for managing menopause symptoms: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Kim, Myung-Sunny,Lim, Hyun-Ja,Yang, Hye Jeong,Lee, Myeong Soo,Shin, Byung-Cheul,Ernst, Edzard The Korean Society of Ginseng 2013 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.37 No.1

The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of ginseng as a treatment option for managing menopause symptoms. We searched the literature using ll databases from their inception to 26 September 2012 and included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that compared any type of ginseng to a placebo controls in postmenopausal women. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using a Cochrane risk of bias tool. Four RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Most RCTs had high risk of bias. One RCT showed that Korean red ginseng (KRG) significantly improved sexual arousal and global health compared with placebo. Another RCT reported the superiority of KRG over placebo for treating menopause symptoms on Kupperman's index and menopausal rating score. The third RCT failed to show a significant effect of KRG on hot flash frequency compared to placebo. The fourth RCT found beneficial effects of ginseng compared to placebo on depression and well-being. In conclusion, the evidence on ginseng as an effective treatment for managing menopause symptoms is limited. Most of the RCTs are burdened with a high risk of bias. Thus firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Rigorous studies seem warranted.

주의력결핍/과잉행동장애와 양극성장애 공존 환아군과 주의력결핍/과잉행동장애 환아군의 비교연구

정동선,하규섭,정희연,구훈정,황준원,김붕년,신민섭,조수철,홍강의 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.6

Objective : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently comorbid with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Among them, bipolar disorder (BPD) has especially attracted growing interest. This is partly due to the fact that early onset BPD has been frequently misdiagnosed as ADHD because of symptomatic overlap. The aim of the present study is to find the differences in demographic data and clinical features of ADHD+BPD and ADHD in children and adolescents. Method : Children and adolescents patients participating in the present study have been enrolled at the child psychiatric clinic since 2004. 14 patients meeting the DSM-IV chteria for ADHD+BPD and 19 patients meeting the criteria for ADHD and 15 healthy comparison subjects were recruited. All groups were evaluated through the Schedule for Affective disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Life Time version-Korean version (K-SADS-PL-K). Demographic data and clinical charactehstics of the subjects were also collected. Parents were asked to complete the Child Behavior Check List(CBCL) and the Toddler Temperamental Scale (TTS) clinical ratings were obtained using the Young Mania Rating Scale(YMRS), the Children's Depression Iventory (CDI) and the Dupaul ADHD scale. Clinical variables between ADHD+BPD and ADHD were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. YMRS, CDI, Dupaul ADHD scale (inattention and hyperactivity), CBCL, and TTS among the three groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test. Results : 1) ADHD+BPD group had an earlier onset age of ADHD than ADHD group 2) ADHD+BPD group had more co-morbid psychiathc disorders than ADHD group. 3) Compared to ADHD group, ADHD+BPD had more psychiathc family history, especially mood disorders. 4) ADHD+BPD group had prodromal symptoms such as irritability, anger dyscontrol and academic dysfunction, compared to ADHD group who rarely showed prodromal symptoms. 5) ADHD+BPD group had higher ADHD scores than the ADHD group in the Dupaul ADHD inattentive scale. 6) In global functions of CBCL, ADHD+BPD group showed more impaired functions at home and school than ADHD group. 7) In Attention diagnostic system (ADS), ADHD+BPD group had more omission and commission errors than ADHD group, especially in the visual system. 8) In the subtests of the IQ profile, ADHD+BPD group had lower arithmetic and block design scores than ADHD group. Conclusion : Clinicians have to rule out underlying bipolarity in children and adolescents with ADHD who show earlier age of onset and severe clinical features. Bipolarity should be explored intensively in ADHD children and adolescents who have early onset of symptoms and severe functional impairment.