Goodness-of-fit tests for a proportional odds model

Lee, Hyun Yung The Korean Data and Information Science Society 2013 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

The chi-square type test statistic is the most commonly used test in terms of measuring testing goodness-of-fit for multinomial logistic regression model, which has its grouped data (binomial data) and ungrouped (binary) data classified by a covariate pattern. Chi-square type statistic is not a satisfactory gauge, however, because the ungrouped Pearson chi-square statistic does not adhere well to the chi-square statistic and the ungrouped Pearson chi-square statistic is also not a satisfactory form of measurement in itself. Currently, goodness-of-fit in the ordinal setting is often assessed using the Pearson chi-square statistic and deviance tests. These tests involve creating a contingency table in which rows consist of all possible cross-classifications of the model covariates, and columns consist of the levels of the ordinal response. I examined goodness-of-fit tests for a proportional odds logistic regression model-the most commonly used regression model for an ordinal response variable. Using a simulation study, I investigated the distribution and power properties of this test and compared these with those of three other goodness-of-fit tests. The new test had lower power than the existing tests; however, it was able to detect a greater number of the different types of lack of fit considered in this study. I illustrated the ability of the tests to detect lack of fit using a study of aftercare decisions for psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents.

Goodness-of-fit tests for a proportional odds model

Hyun Yung Lee 한국데이터정보과학회 2013 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

The chi-square type test statistic is the most commonly used test in terms of mea-suring testing goodness-of-fit for multinomial logistic regression model, which has its grouped data (binomial data) and ungrouped (binary) data classified by a covariate pattern. Chi-square type statistic is not a satisfactory gauge, however, because the ungrouped Pearson chi- square statis-tic does not adhere well to the chi-square statistic and the ungrouped Pearson chi-square statistic is also not a satisfactory form of measurement in itself. Currently, goodness-of-fit in the ordinal setting is often assessed using the Pearson chi-square statistic and deviance tests. These tests involve creat-ing a contingency table in which rows consist of all possible cross-classifications of the model covariates, and columns consist of the levels of the ordinal response. I exam-ined goodness-of-fit tests for a proportional odds logistic regression model-the most commonly used regression model for an ordinal response variable. Using a simulation study, I investigated the distribution and power properties of this test and compared these with those of three other goodness-of-fit tests. The new test had lower power than the existing tests; however, it was able to detect a greater number of the different types of lack of fit considered in this study. I illustrated the ability of the tests to detect lack of fit using a study of aftercare decisions for psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents.

성대 결절 및 폴립 병변 판별 예측모형에 대한 연구

박수정,심현섭,정성민,김한수,박애경,Park, Soo-Jung,Shim, Hyun-Sup,Chung, Sung-Min,Kim, Han-Soo,Park, Ae-Kyung 대한후두음성언어의학회 2004 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Background and Objectives : This study is purposed to investigate the statistically significant discrimination model for predicting vocal fold nodule and polyp's lesional grade, with patients' background data and objective voice evaluation parameters. Materials and Method : The retrospective research was carried out at the Ewha Womans University Hospital. 122 patients' voice examination data had been selected, and lesion screening (Grade I, II, and III) was conducted by 2 ENT specialists, with each patient's vocal fold pictures achieved during the laryngoscopy examination. Results : The Lesional Grade Discrimination Model with which the lesional grade of vocal fold nodules and polyps could be predicted was derived by the ordinal logistic regression analysis (using SPSS 10.0). With this model the lesional grades of 73 out of 122 patients(59.8%) were correctly predicted to their formerly screened ones. Conclusion : This model applied the multivariate approach, which statistically combined these currently used parameters, Jitter, Shimmer, MFR, MPT, and patient's background data such as gender and dysphonia period. It might explain the status of benign lesion of vocal folds, and furthermore expect the physiological function of vocal folds.

자율주행차의 사회적 수용성에 영향을 미치는 사회·경제적 요인

조선아,김규옥 한국교통연구원 2020 交通硏究 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study is to derive socio-economic parameters that have major effects on public acceptance on autonomous vehicles. Currently, advanced countries vigorously supporting vehicle technology development to stimulate its’ commercialization which raising concerns on social acceptance of the technology. To examine the perception, authors utilized survey results conducted by recruiting 912 respondents consisted of three groups depending on their expertise in vehicles technology, transportation engineers and vocational drivers, and general public. Ordinal logistic regression model was employed for analyzing the data and drew statistically significant socio-economic factors. The results show that gender, age and prior experiences of car accidents were significantly affects responders perception on autonomous vehicles. Authors expect that results of this research could contribute to the field by providing socio-economic factors that have effects on public acceptance on autonomous vehicle. 본 논문의 목적은 자율주행차의 사회적 수용성에 영향을 미치는 사회·경제적 요인을 파악하는 것이다. 현재 각국은 자율주행차의 상용화를 촉진하기 위해 기술개발과 정책지원을 하고 있다. 새로운 자율주행 기술이 자동차에 접목되면서 사회적 수용성의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 자율주행차의 사회적 수용성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 도출하고자 912명을 대상으로 일반인, 전문가, 직업 운전자 등 3개 그룹으로 구분하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과를 기반으로 순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석 모델을 개발·적용하여 사회·경제적 요인 중에서 통계적으로 유의한 요인을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 사회경제적 지표인 성별, 연령, 자동차 사고 경험이 자율주행차에 대한 수용성에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 자율주행차에 대한 일반 국민의 인식과 수용성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 제시하였다는 데 그 의의가 있다.

농업인 손상조사 결합자료 생성 및 분석

이서현,김소라,박진우,이석훈 한국자료분석학회 2018 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.20 No.3

The 'Korean agricultural workers’ occupational disease and injury survey', which the rural development administration has been carrying out since 2009, is used as basic data for establishing policies for preventing and managing injuries by identifying the cause and magnitude of injuries caused by farmers' agricultural work. The survey is conducted annually since 2012, but in-depth investigations of disease and injury are being conducted every two years. In this study, we conducted a matching of survey data on occupational injury of farmers collected across three years in 2013, 2015, and 2017, so that we could better utilize the results of the survey. Based on the matched data for three years, we obtained information about the experience of injury for three years, and analyzed the factors influencing it. The random forest model and the ordinal logistic model were used for the analysis. 농촌진흥청이 2009년부터 수행하고 있는 ‘농업인의 업무상 질병 및 손상조사’는 농업인들의 농작업으로 인한 재해 원인과 규모를 파악하여 재해 예방과 관리를 위한 정책 수립의 기초자료로 활용되고 있다. 이 조사는 2012년부터 매년 수행되고 있으나 질병과 손상에 관한 심층조사는 격년으로 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2013년과 2015년, 2017년에 걸쳐 횡단적으로 수집된 농업인의 업무상 질병 및 손상조사 자료를 분석하여 향후 손상조사가 질병 및 손상을 예방하기 위한 보다 효과적, 효율적인 정책 수립에 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 조사하였다. 결합된 3개년의 자료를 바탕으로 단년도 분석에서는 알 수 없는 3개년도 손상 경험 여부에 관한 정보를 얻고, 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 보았다. 분석에는 랜덤포레스트 모형과 순서 로지스틱 모형을 사용하였고, 분석 결과 손상의 예측에 중요도가 높은 상위 5개 변수들은 농업활동 제한여부와 층, 연령, 농업 종사기간, 가구소득인 것으로 나타났다.

친환경농산물 소비의 건강증진 기여 인식도 분석

정학균,김창길,문동현,Jeong, Hak-Kyun,Kim, Chang-Gil,Moon, Dong-Hyun 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

The purposes of this study are to analyze the effect of consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products (EFAP) on improvement of family health, and to suggest directions for improvement of family health. A survey was conducted for qualitative analysis regarding relationship between EFAP consumption and family health. The method of his study was employed Cross-tabulation and an Ordinal Logistic Regression Model to derive more significant results in analyzing factors of improvement of family health. The result shows that improvement of health has a significant positive relationship with consumption of EFAP. In addition, those consumers with high reliability and quality contentment are more likely to experience improvement of health. As consumers constantly eat EFAP, they are more likely to experience improvement of health. In order to provide consumer reliability of EFAP, more strict certification management system with sound monitoring and an appropriate penalty for violation should be established.

친환경농산물 소비의 건강증진 기여 인식도 분석

정학균,김창길,문동현 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

The purposes of this study are to analyze the effect of consumption of environment- friendly agricultural products (EFAP) on improvement of family health, and to suggest directions for improvement of family health. A survey was conducted for qualitative analysis regarding relationship between EFAP consumption and family health. The method of his study was employed Cross-tabulation and an Ordinal Logistic Regression Model to derive more significant results in analyzing factors of improvement of family health. The result shows that improvement of health has a significant positive relationship with consumption of EFAP. In addition, those consumers with high reliability and quality contentment are more likely to experience improvement of health. As consumers constantly eat EFAP, they are more likely to experience improvement of health. In order to provide consumer reliability of EFAP, more strict certification management system with sound monitoring and an appropriate penalty for violation should be established

도시재생사업이 장소성 형성에 미친 영향 분석

오후(Oh Hoo),황희연(Hwang HeeYun) 한국주거환경학회 2017 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.15 No.1

Urban regeneration project site turns a meaningless ‘space’ into a meaningful ‘place’ where people live and share their lives. When place meets people’ identity, it forms ‘Placeness’ and express the characteristics of the place. Especially, the psychological impact that plays an important role in placeness formation is represented by the ‘place image’ and ‘place attachment’. By visualizing the true meaning of the ‘place’ and allowing social bonding between people and the place, Urban regeneration project can achieve its goal by commercializing the placeness. In this sense, Urban regeneration project plays an important role by turning a declining city into a meaningful ‘place’. However, there is lack of detailed discussion on the process of forming placeness within the urban regeneration project site. Thus, this study is to analyze the impact of visitor’s recognition of the physical environment and activity program of the urban regeneration project site, and place image and place attachment. In order to derive the results, Junangdong, Cheongju was selected as the study site. Placeness in Junangdong is consisted of physical factors, behavioral factors, and psychological factors. User survey was conducted to measure the formative factors of Placeness in Junangdong, and ordinal logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect relationship. Based on these results, it was confirmed that Junangdong visitors recognize physical and behavioral factors, and form a specific place image and place attachment. These results indicate that placeness was formed in the Junangdong. This study is meaningful as psychology of visitors was evaluated, and analyzed the placeness formation process focused on an actual urban regeneration project sites.

청년의 취업선호가 지역정착에 미치는 영향요인 분석

엄창옥 ( Changok Um ),나주몽 ( Jumong Na ),백경호 ( Kyungho Baek ) 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2021 지역개발연구 Vol.53 No.2

청년 일자리 부족과 노동시장의 미스매치 문제는 지역에서 수도권으로의 청년 유출의 중요한 원인으로 지적되고 있다. 이러한 청년 유출을 방지하기 위해 지금까지 지역에서는 한편으로는 지역전략산업 육성을 통해 일자리를 창출하고 있으며, 다른 한편으로는 청년 일ㆍ경험 지원 정책을 실시하며 노동시장의 미스매칭 해소를 위해 노력하고 있으나 청년유출은 지속되고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구는 지역노동시장의 미스매칭으로 인한 청년유출문제를 지역청년의 취업선호에서 찾고자 하였다. 다시 말하자면 지역청년의 취업선호에 맞는 지역노동시장 구조를 개선함으로써 지역청년의 지역정착을 유도할 수 있다는 관점이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지역청년의 취업선호를 조사하고, 이 취업선호의 어떤 요인이 청년들의 지역정착에 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 광주, 대구, 강원의 청년을 대상으로 조사된 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 취업선호의 어떤 요소가 지역정착에 영향을 미치는지를 순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 살펴보았다. 분석 결과를 보면, ‘자신의 기능과 능력 활용’, ‘회사의 규모와 지명도’, ‘직무의 사회적 의미’, ‘능력중시 회사’, ‘전근이 없거나 한정된 지역 내에서의 전근’ 요인이 지역정착에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들 설명변수가 강원에 비해 대구와 광주에서 적극적 정착에 더 큰 영향을 주었으며, 연령대가 높을수록, 여성보다 남성이 적극정착에 영향을 더 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 지방자치단체가 청년들이 지역 내에서 사회ㆍ경제적 역할을 키우고, 능력을 활용할 수 있는 다양한 방식을 제공할 경우 청년의 지역정착이 높아질 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. Lack of employment opportunities for youth and job mismatch are the main reasons for the problem of youth outflow from the region to the metropolitan area along with the youth unemployment problem. In order to reduce the outflow of youth, local governments are actively implementing policies to support youth work experience and trying to resolve the mismatch, but the achievements are not showing well. If local governments provide 「work-experience」 policies based on youth job preferences and reduce mismatches successfully, the possibility of youth settling in the local area will increase. Based on these predictions, this study analyzed the factors that influence youth job preferences on local settlement using Ordinal Logistic Regression model(OLR). The survey data of youth in Daegu, Gwangju, and Gangwon was used in this analysis process. As a result, factors such as ‘use of one's own skills and capabilities’, ‘the size and reputation of the company’, ‘social meaning’, ‘capacity-oriented companies’, and ‘areas with no commuting or limited commuting’ have a significant effect on local settlement of youth. There was a some difference in the influence from region to region. the job preference factors of youth in Daegu and Gwangju had a greater influence on local settlement compared to youth in Gangwon. It is thought to reflect the geographical factor that Gangwon is close to the metropolitan area. In addition, we confirmed that the older group, the more males than females had an influence on local settlement. This means that if local governments provide various ways for youth to develop their social and economic roles and utilize their abilities within the region, the local settlement of young people can increase.

중등교사들의 교육과정-수업-평가-기록 일체화 실행수준 점검 및 자기평가 분석

이재창(Lee Jae Chang),최정원(Choi Jeong Won) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.10

목적 본 연구는 중학교와 고등학교 교사를 대상으로 교육과정-수업-평가-기록 일체화 실행수준을 파악하고 일체화 실행수준에 대해 스스로 어떠한 평가를 하고 있는지 확인하였다. 또한, 교사들의 교육경력, 학교급, 일체화 관련 연수 이수 경험, 일체화 관련 교사학습공동체 활동 경험과 교육과정-수업-평가-기록 일체화 관련 실행 사이의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 더불어 이러한 배경변인들이 일체화 실행에 미치는 직접적인 효과를 살펴보았다.방법 설문조사는 관심기반실행모형에서 제시하는 실행수준 척도를 수정하여 사용함으로써 실행수준을 확인하였고, 선행연구에서 제시한 교육과정-수업-평가-기록 일체화의 절차를 토대로 본 연구자가 개발한 문항을 이용하여 각 요소별 실행수준에 대한 자기평가를 확인하였다. 설문진행은 2019년 8월부터 2020년 1월까지 이루어졌으며 대상 학교는 ○지역 중학교 5개교, 고등학교 5개교였다. 중학교 교사 110명, 고등학교 교사 132명으로 총 242명의 응답에 대해 분석하였다. 분석방법은 기술통계, 교차분석, 상관분석, 순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다.결과 주요 연구결과로는 첫째, 학교급에 상관없이 교사들의 실행수준이 전반적으로 낮았다. 그리고 고급수준인 갱신단계(6수준)에 이르는 비율이 극히 적은 것으로 파악되었다. 둘째, 중학교 교사들은 학습자중심 수업 수행여부와 일체화에서의 모든 요소들을 연계하여 운영한다는 응답비율에서도 고등학교 교사보다 더 높은 비율을 보였다. 셋째, 일체화 관련 교사학습공동체 활동 경험이 있는 교사들은 일체화 요소들을 더 긴밀하게 연계하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 교육경력, 일체화 관련 연수, 관련 교사학습공동체 활동은 모두 실행수준 0수준에 통계적으로 유의미한 부적 효과를 보이고 3, 4, 5수준에는 통계적으로 유의미한 정적효과를 보이는 것으로 밝혀졌다.결론 제언사항은 첫째, 중등교사들의 교육과정-수업-평가-기록 일체화 관련 실행역량을 강화하기 위하여 교사 연수나 교사학습공동체와 같은 전문성 신장을 위한 기회를 확대하여 제공할 것, 둘째, 연수와 교사학습공동체 활동에 있어서 목표, 내용, 주제, 수준을 다양화하고 각각을 전문화⋅차별화하여 구성할 것, 셋째, 교육과정-수업-평가-기록 일체화에서 수업이 나머지 요소들에 미치는 영향 및 수업방식과 일체화 요소 간 연계성에 대한 심도 있는 후속 연구를 실시할 것을 제시하였다. Objectives This study identified the level of use on the alignment with curriculum - instruction - evaluation - record and self-evaluation with teachers in middle and high schools. In addition, the study analyzed correlation between teacher s educational career, level of school, experience in alignment-related training and experience in alignment-related teacher learning community activities and alignment with curriculum - instruction - evaluation - record. It also reviewed the direct effect of these background variables on adoption with alignment. Methods The survey identified overall adoption level by modifying and using scale of adoption level presented by concerns-based adoption model, and teacher’s self-evaluation was identified by using questions developed this researcher based on the procedures of alignment with curriculum - instruction - evaluation - record presented by pilot study. The survey was conducted from August 2019 to January 2020 and the subject schools included 5 middle schools and 5 high schools in the area of ○. A total of 242 responses were analyzed including 110 middle school teachers and 132 high school teachers. Descriptive statistics, crossover analysis, correlation analysis and ordinal logistic regression were used for analysis. Results The results of the study are as follows. First, regardless of level of school, the teacher’s level of adoption of the alignment with curriculum-instruction-evaluation-record are overall low. And there are very few teacher who reach the renewal level(level six). Second, middle school teather’s response rate are higher than high school teather’s not only student centered instruction factor but also connecting all the element of the alignment with curriculum-instruction-evaluation-record. Third, the teacher who has participated in alignment-related teacher learning community activities connects all the element of the alignment with curriculum-instruction-evaluation- record more. Fourth, teacher s educational career, experience in alignment-related training and experience in alignment-related teacher learning community activities have negative effectiveness in level 0 and positive effectiveness in level 3, 4, 5. Conclusions The suggestions were given as follows. First, opportunities to develop professionalism such as teacher s training and teacher s learning community must be expanded and provided to strengthen adoption capacity related to alignment with curriculum - instruction - evaluation - record of secondary school teachers. Second, goals, contents, topics and levels must be diversified in training and activities of teacher s learning community and each of them must be specialized and differentiated. Third, in-depth follow-up study on the effect of instruction on remaining factors in the alignment with curriculum - instruction - evaluation - record and on connectivity between factors of alignment must be conducted.