Plenary Session 2 : PS-2-1 ; Outcomes of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation: a multicenter analysis in Korea

( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Jong Young Choi ),( Dong Goo Kim ),( Myoung Soo Kim ),( Soon Il Kim ),( Shin Hwang ),( Sung Gyu Lee ),( Kwang Woong Lee ),( Kyung Suk Suh ),( Young Seok Han ),( Dong Lak Choi ),( Se 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background: The outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after liver transplantation (LT) was improved by hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and nucles(t)ide analogue (NUA). However, HBV recurrence after LT is critical because the recurrence is occasionally accompanied by a progressive destruction of graft and poor survival. The aims of this study were to investigate the significance HBV recurrence and identity factors associated with HBV recurrence. Methods: From October 1999 to February 2011, a total of 2684 consecutive LT recipients who underwent HBV-associated LT were retrospectively enrolled from 7 transplantation centers in Korea. Results: Prophylaxis regimens were HBIG monotherapy (67.7%) or a combination of HBIG with NUA (22.3%). The recurrence rate of HBV was 6.1% (164 recipients) during mean follow-up duration of 10.9 years. The median time from transplantation to recurrence was 2.1 years (0.1-7.9 years). Of the 1,071 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to LT, 155 patients (14.5%) had HCC recurrence after transplantation, and 48 patients (31.0%) had HBV recurrence. Of the 48 patients with recurrence of both HBV and HCC, 25 patients (52.1%) experienced HBV recurrence after HCC recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, pretransplant HCC, pretransplant HBV DNA above 5.5 log copies/mL was independent clinical factors influencing HBV recurrence after LT. The mortality rate among the recipients with HBV recurrence was 34.1% (56 recipients). Mean overall survival was 6.4 years in the HBV-recurrence group and 9.9 years in the HBV-nonrecurrence group (p<0.001). HBV recurrence was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. HCC recurrence was the most important factor for overall survival. Conclusions: The overall outcome of LT in HBV-related liver disease was excellent with the current prophylaxis regimen Choon Hyuck David Kwon,8 Suk-Koo Lee8 Pretransplant HBV DNA and HCC were important factors for HBV recurrence. HBV recurrence after LT did not significantly influence on the overall survival without combining of HCC recurrence.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

Parthenogenetic Activity of Porcine Sperm Factor to In Vìtro Matured tured Porcine Oocyte

Park, Chun_Gyu,Jin-Ki Parκ,Sung-Woo Kim,Ju-Young Lee,Joo-hee Han,Seung-Eun Lee,Kyung-Nye Baek,Won-Chung Chang 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2004 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.28 No.2s

기능평가를 통한 장애유아의 행동지원 실험연구 분석 : 1997~2006년 사이의 연구를 중심으로

이미애,한성희,이규옥 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.2

이 연구는 유아를 대상으로 기능평가를 통한 행동지원을 제공한 실험연구를 분석하여 현재의 전반적인 특징과 경향을 분석하고 문제행동 기능의 결과가 중재와 어떻게 연결되는지 살펴봄으로써 문제행동 중재를 위한 향후의 방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 이 연구의 분석 대상 논문은 주로 중다기초선 설계법을 사용하며 중재는 일반교실이나 가정 등의 자연스러운 환경에서 교사나 부모 등의 자연스러운 중재자에 의해서 이루어지고 있었으며 목표행동은 대상유아의 바람직한 행동보다는 부정적인 행동이 많았으며 중재자의 행동을 목표행동으로 본 연구도 5-6편이 있었다. 연구의 질적 수준에 대한 변인들 중 관찰자간 신뢰도를 제외하고는 중재충실도, 사회적 타당도, 유지, 일반화 등에 대한 파악이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 기능평가는 주로 일반학급과 가정 등의 자연스러운 환경에서의 부모나 일반교사를 대상으로 한 인터뷰와 연구자나 가족, 교사 등에 의한 관칠 방법, 연구자에 의한 기능분석 방법이 많이 이용되었다. 기능평가 방법으로는 직접관찰과 인터뷰가 가장 많이 이용되었으며 평균 2~3가지 방법을 사용하고 있었으며 문제행동의 기능은 관심끌기가 가장 높았고 획득과 회피, 감각적 자극 순으로 나타났다. 행동의 기능에 따른 중재전략을 살펴보면 획득기능과 회피 기능을 가진 경우에는 선행사건 예방전략과 후속반응전략이 가장 많이 사용되었고 관심의 기능을 가진 경우에는 후속반응전략이, 감각적 자극을 목적으로 한 문제행동 중재에는 문제행동을 차단하는 전략이 사용되고 있었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze experimental studies that intervened young children's challenging behavior using functional assessment and to provide information and suggestions on future research. To accomplish this purpose, the elements of experimental study, the quality features of study(interobserver agreement, fidelity of intervention, social validity, maintenance and generalization of effect) and methods of functional assessment and intervention strategies were analyzed. The major findings of this study was followed. First, most of the analyzed articles used multi-baseline design, and the interventions were implemented were natural settings like classroom and home, and the interventionists were natural people like teachers and parents. Target behaviors were focused on problematic behaviors of subjects than desirable behaviors. Second, among the 5 quality features of study I chose, fidelity of intervention, social validity, maintenance and generalization of effect were identified poorly except interobserver agreement. Third, functional assessment was implemented by natural people like teachers and family members, and at the natural settings like classrooms and home routine. Interview to teachers and family members and direct observation by researchers, teachers and family members were used. The most common functional assessment methods were direct observation and interview. And 2 or 3 methods were used one study. The order of the function of problematic behavior was attention, obtain tangible, escape, and sensory stimulation. As an interventions strategies, antecedents events, alternative skills and consequent responding were applied comparatively the same rate. Based on this results, some recommendations are suggested.

장기입원환자 관리 방해요인

이경석,윤석만,권희,이호,김혜경,조미자,한규남,김명성 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Background: Recently the health insurance review agency tried to cut off the cost of unnecessary hospital stay. It is important to reduce the prolonged occupation of the hospital beds. However, there are some obstacles of the management for the prolonged bed occupation. We report our experiences and the problems of bed-control. Methods: To increase the rate of effective bed-usage, a task force was made. This team was consisted of 4 dctors, 2 nurses and 2 personnel of the administrative department. From December 20th 2001 to May 17th 2002, the task force analysed the rate, number and causes of the prolonged (more than 60 days, regardless of the disease entities) bed occupation. We announced and explained the necessity of bed-control and actively pressed to reduce the prolonged bed occupation. Results: The number of the prolonged bed occupation was 71 at the beginning of the management. It was reduced to 46 at best, then turned back to 65 at the end. It seems to be impossible to reduce the prolonged bed occupation until there are sufficient numbers of long-term care facilities. Aggressive bed control makes the sick patients to move every two or three months, it is never desirable. Conclusion: We cannot expect any Quality Improvements without improvement of the wrong system. Prior to the management for the prolonged bed occupation, it is necessary to build a sufficient number of long-term care facilities.

人體에서 分離한 葡萄糖 非醱酵菌의 抗菌劑 耐性에 關한 硏究

李淵台,崔承求,朴哲熙,曺圭鳳 단국대학교 대학원 1991 學術論叢 Vol.15 No.-

This experiment was conducted to classify for the 82 strains of glucose nonfermentative bacteria obtained from K hospital, in 1988, on the biological differentials and to test the resistance reaction on the drugs for those strains. The results were as follows : 1. Eighty two strains were classified into 65 strains of 79.3% of Ps. aeruginosa, 10 strains of 12.2% of Ps. cepacia, and 7 strains of 8.5% of Ac. calcoaceticus as results of 0 F sugar test, oxidase test, and DNase test. 2. It showed that Ps. aeruginosa was coincided with AP, CM, GM, KM, CF, and TC from the disk and MIC methods in the test of resistance reaction to antimicrobial agent, and especially, that AK and TOB KM and GM were observed high resistance reactive from MIC method. Resistnace to antibiotics for Ps. cepacia showed the identical reaction to AP, CB, CM, AK, SPT, CF, TC, TOB, KM and GM were observed high resistance reative from MIC method. Ac. calcoaceticus was identified the same resistance reaction to antibiotics to CB, KM, GM, AK, CF, and TOB, AP, SPT and TC showed high resistance reaction from the disk method. 3. CF and AP were observed the highest resistance reactions among 10 kinds of drugs used in this experiment and following was CM, KM and TC in order. 4. Ps. aeruginosa, Ps. cepacia, and Ac. calcoaeticus showed all multiple resistance reactions in the test of resistance to drugs, and Ps. aeruginosa was identified high resistance reaction to 6 drugs in 24.6%, Ps. cepacia was 9 drugs in 60%, and Ac. calcoaceticus showed resistance reaction to various kinds of drugs. 5. It showed important question in result of these studies that resistance percentage of NFB decreased by optimal antimicrobial selection and effective treatment established from serious antimicrobial treatment.

유·초등학생 장애이해 교육

이유훈,권택환,김희규,유장순,최세민 국립특수교육원 2003 연구보고서 Vol.- No.1

특수교육이 장애학생을 포함한 모든 학생의 특성과 요구에 부응하는 통합교육으로 발전하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 장애인에 대한 편견과 차별이 없어야 한다. 장애인에 대한 편견과 부정적인 태도는 결국 장애인의 사회통합에 부정적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 우선적으로 해결해야 할 과제라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 「유ㆍ초등학생 장애이해 교육」자료를 개발ㆍ보급하여 장애인에 대한 편견과 차별을 해소하는데 그 목적을 두고, 전문가 협의회, 관련 문헌 탐색, 기존 장애이해 교육 자료 분석, 현장교사 설문 및 심층면담 등을 실시하였고, 이를 통해 얻은 연구 결과를 요약 정리하면 다음과 같다 첫째, 우리의 학교현장에서는 장애이해 교육 시간확보가 어려운 실정이다. 이런 현상은 교육경력이 낮은 교사일수록 또는 학교경영자와 일반교사의 이해가 부족할수록 더욱 심각하게 나타나는데, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 국립특수교육원이나 시ㆍ도교육청에서 장애 이해 교육에 따른 시간확보 방안을 제공할 필요가 있다. 장애이해 교육의 필요성에 대한 학교경영자 및 일반교사의 인식 부족을 해결하기 위해서는 학교경영자와 일반교사가 특수교육과 장애인에 대한 이해를 넓힐 수 있도록 하는 다양한 연수프로그램이 마련되어야 한다. 둘째, 장애이해 교육에 활용할 수 있는 자료의 양이 부족할 뿐 아니라, 기존에 개발된 자료를 활용할 수 있는 체계적인 방안이 마련되어 있지 많다는 점이다. 따라서 장애이해 교육에 활용할 수 있는 다양한 자료가 개발되어야 하고, 기존에 개발된 자료는 쉽게 활용될 수 있도록 종류별로 정리되어야 하고, 활용할 수 있는 구체적인 방법도 제시할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 장애이해 교육이 학기초나 '장애인의 날'과 같은 특정기간에 편중되어 있다는 점이다. 장애인식 개선을 위한 교육은 년 중 계획을 세워 일정기간 단위로 실시하여야 한다. 넷째, 장애이해 교육에 활용되는 모델이나 이해교육 방법이 주로 감각장애(시각장애ㆍ청각장애) 또는 지체부자유학생을 중심으로 되어 있다는 점이다. 교육현장에서는 발달장애학생도 많기 때문에 발달장애학생을 모델로 하는 장애이해 교육 프로그램이나 교수-학습방법도 지속적으로 개발되어야 한다. 다섯째, 장애이해 교육방법이 다양하지 못하다는 점이다. 장애이해 교육이 효율적으로 이루어지기 위해서는 장애인의 다양한 특성이 고려되어야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 교수활동 방법 또한 이들의 특성을 고려하여 보다 다양하게 이루어져야 할 것이다. 위에서 제시한 장애이해 교육 실태를 토대로 본 연구보고서에서는 현장교사들이 쉽게 활용할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 1부, 2부로 나누어「유ㆍ초등학생 장애이해 교육자료」를 안내하였다. 제 1부 「장애이해 교육의 개관」에서는 장애이해 교육자료 개발의 필요성, 목적, 연구방법 및 절차, 장애이해 관련 제이론, 장애이해 교육의 현황 및 문제점, 개선방안 등을 기술하여 학교현장의 교사들이 장애이해 교육에 대해 보다 폭 법은 이해를 도모하도록 하였다. 제 2부 「장애이해 프로그램 및 교육자료」에서는 장애유형별 즉, 시각장애, 청각장애, 정신지체, 정서장애, 자폐성장애, 학습장애, 지체부자유 등으로 나누어 제시하여 교사들이 장애 이해 지도를 보다 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 하였고, 아울러 기존에 개발된 장애이해 교육자료를 도서, 방송프로그램, 영화, 인터넷 웹사이트 등으로 분류 제시하여 학교현장에서 학생의 수준과 활동 내용에 따라서 다양하게 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 프로그램은 「유ㆍ초등학생 장애이해 교육자료」의 한 예에 불과하다. 학교 현장의 지도 교사는 프로그램의 수준을 상향 또는 하향 조정하여 지도할 수 있으며, 생활 주변의 다양한 소재로 프로그램의 내용을 수정 또는 대체할 수 있다. 나아가 창의적으로 새로운 상황을 전개할 수 있도록 하는 노력도 필요하겠다. 2004년에는 「중ㆍ고등학생 장애이해 교육자료」가 개발되어 학교현장에 보급될 계획이다. In order for special education to develop into an inclusive education system that meets the characteristics and needs of all children, including those who are disabled, there must be no prejudices and discriminations against children who are physically or mentally challenged. As the biases and negative attitudes toward persons with disabilities could eventually exert negative influences on their integration into society, these tasks must be effectively taken care of above all else. This study, with the aim of dissolving prejudice and discrimination against the persons with disabilities by developing and disseminating materials for the "Education for Non-disabled Preschoolers and Elementary School Children to Understand Disabilities", has had consultations with experts, researched related books and other documents, analyzed the existing educational materials for understanding individuals with disabilities and conducted surveys on and interviews with teachers in the field of education. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the fact remains that it is difficult to secure time to educate on how to understand the children with disabilities at the nation's schools. Such a phenomenon occurs more seriously among teachers with less educational experiences as well as school managers and general education teachers without adequate understanding of the children with disabilities. To resolve this problem, either the Korea Institute for Special Education or the municipal and provincial educational agencies need to provide ideas to secure time to educate the understanding of those who are challenged. In order to solve the lack of understanding of the children with disabilities among school managers and general education teachers, various programs must be created and implemented to train the school administrators and regular teachers to expand their understanding of the persons with disabilities. Second, not only is the amount of materials available for the education of the children with disabilities insufficient, but moreover there are no systematic measures to make the most of those materials that are already developed. Therefore, diverse resources must be developed to use for educating the understanding disabilities, and already developed materials must be classified into categories for easy use along with concrete methods for utilizing such resources. Third, education for understanding the children with disabilities is concentrated on specific periods, such as the early semester or the "Day for the Persons with Disabilities". Education to improve the perception of disabilities should be conducted in periods under an annual program. Fourth, the models or methods used to educate for understanding the persons with disabilities are centered mainly on the individuals with sensory injured (with visual or hearing impairments) or the persons with physically disabled. At educational sites, there are many children with developmentally disabled and so educational programs and teaching-learning methods to educate the understanding of the children with disabilities should be modeled after the children with developmentally challenged. Fifth, the methods to educate the understanding of the persons with disabilities are not diverse. For the efficient education of the understanding disabilities, the diverse characteristics of the persons with disabilities should be taken into account. To be successful in this matter, more diverse methods of teaching activities also need to be used by considering the characteristics of the people with disabilities. On the basis of the reality of developing an understanding and proper awareness of those who are disabled as presented above, this study report guides the "Education for non-disabled preschoolers and elementary school children to understand disabilities" in Part 1 and Part 2 for easy use by teachers on active duty. In Part 1, titled as "A General Survey of Educating the Understanding of the Children with Disabilities", I have described the necessity and purpose of educating the understanding of the children with disabilities, its study methods and procedures, various theories on educating the understanding of the children with disabilities, the current situations and problems of educating the understanding of the children with disabilities and their improvement measures to deepen the understanding about educating the understanding disabilities by teachers on active duty. In Part 2, titled the "Programs to Educate the Understanding Disabilities and Educational Materials," I have classified types of disabilities into visual impairment, hearing impairment, mental retardation, emotional disorder, autism, learning disability and the physical impairment for easy approach to educate the understanding disabilities by teachers. At the same time, I re-categorized the already developed materials to educate the understanding disabilities into books, broadcasting programs, movies, Internet web-sites and others for diverse use at schools according to the children' levels and activities. This program is just one example of the "Education for Non-disabled Preschoolers and Elementary School Children to Understand Disabilities". I have arranged it in such a way as to allow teachers to teach the children by upgrading or downgrading the program's level as well as modifying or replacing the contents of this program by using various materials that can be obtained in everyday lives. In 2004, I am planning to develop and distribute the "Education for non-disabled Middle-and High-school Students to Understand Disabilities".

M68000 마이크로컴퓨터 시스템용 간이형 In-Circuit Emulator의 개발

이석규,박희원 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1991 연구보고 Vol.19 No.2

A simple microcomputer development system is designed and developed. The system is designed to download the executable object file whose source file is edited, compiled and linked by its host computer, IBM PC. In addition, the system that consists of simple in-circuit emulator(RICE) board and supporting software can be used to improve microcomputer system effectively.

저압전로의 단락사고에 대한 보호협조 연구

이은우,조규판,김이국,김동희,이광식 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.28 No.2

This paper describes the protection from line to line fault current caused by the trouble of source the low voltage power line. The decision of interrupting capacity in the low voltage circuit breaker is based on foreign rules, environment and actual condition within a country. Congregation of full capacity rating, selective breaking method and cascade breaking method is based on relevance reference and catalog of a manufacturing company. From above result, we obtain the method of optimum coordination and contrive the convenience of actual experience application according to the importance of electricity installation. The calculation of breaking capacity and the application of breaking method investigate actual condition in the case of design of electricity installation established and enlarged for personal use in Gumi, Chilgok area recently and present the point at issue and countermeasure. In the future, I think that this data contribute not only the preventing of electricity installation accident but also of electricity installation accident.

포사맥스 정(알렌드론산나트륨 70mg)에 대한 대웅 알렌드로네이트 정 70mg의 생물학적 동등성

이예리,정선경,양승권,최기호,신용철,전형규,강승우,이희주 한국약제학회 2006 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.36 No.2