고혈압환자의 뇌척수액 소견

이영진 ( Y. J. Lee ),이성건 ( S. K. Lee ),문병욱 ( B. U. Moon ),구진일 ( J. I. Koo ),김춘택 ( C. T. Kim ) 대한내과학회 1971 대한내과학회지 Vol.14 No.4

C.S.F. plays an important dignostic role in various diseases and in some infectious brain diseases, itprovides clues to definite diagnosis. The authors have experienced 27 hypertensive cases with 7 cases of control group and have obtained the following sta

Consumer preferences for automobile energy-efficiency grades

Koo, Y.,Kim, C.S.,Hong, J.,Choi, I.J.,Lee, J. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2012 ENERGY ECONOMICS Vol.34 No.2

Recently, increases in energy prices have made energy conservation and efficiency improvements even more essential than in the past. However, consumers experience difficulty in obtaining reliable information regarding energy efficiency, so that many countries have implemented regulations to enforce energy-efficiency grade labeling. In this study, consumer preferences regarding energy efficiency grades are analyzed by the mixed logit and MDCEV model based on the revealed preference data of past automobile purchases. Findings show that consumers rationally apply information on energy efficiency grades when purchasing automobiles. However, they tend to show inefficiency in automobile usage patterns. This study discusses political implications of energy efficiency policies as they might impact consumer behaviors of automobile purchase and usage.

Influence of Annealing Temperature on Magnetoelectric Properties of CoFe2O4/Pt/Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 Thin Films

Eum, Y.J.,Hwang, S.-O.,Ryu, J.,Kim, J.-W.,Koo, C.Y.,Lee, J.-Y.,Lee, H.Y. Taylor Francis 2014 Ferroelectrics Vol.465 No.-

<P>CoFe2O4/Pt/Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O-3 thin films were grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate in order to investigate the magnetoelectric properties of ferromagnetic/ferroelectric multilayer thin films. Thin Pt layer was introduced to prevent inter-diffusion between CoFe2O4 and Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O-3 (PZT) layers. PZT thin film was grown directly on top of Pt substrate by utilizing sol-gel spin coating technique. In order to investigate the possible annealing effect on film microstructure and magnetoelectric properties, multilayer thin film stack was heat-treated at different temperatures ranging from 550 degrees C to 650 degrees C. The structural properties of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behaviors were analyzed by measuring polarization and magnetization - electric and magnetic field hysteresis. Magnetoelectric coefficients were calculated by measuring magnetoelectric voltages using magnetoelectric measurement system. Both the magnetoelectric properties and the coupling effect of CoFe2O4/Pt/PZT films on ferromagnetic and magnetoelectric properties are discussed as a function of heat-treatment temperature.</P>

박막자기헤드의 집적공정 기술개발에 관한 연구

이석윤,허명수,손동수,황병철,조동율,천희곤,오태희,송병무,송한식,이우형,이광철,김오규,권영규,구경완 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The thin film growing processes and the photolithographic techniques involved in the manufacturing of thin film magnetic heads are discussed. The thin film heads are composed of the hundreds of electromagnetic transducers on a single wafer and are made of Al_(2)O_(3)-TiC substrate on which Al_(2)O_(3) film as a insulating, protective layer and gap material, Cu film as a multi-turn coil and permalloy film as a magnetic material are deposited and patterned. In this article we will introduce how the thin film heads is fabricated and differ from an integrated semiconductor device. An effort is devoted to develop the formation of PR frame using a lithography process and finally the thin film heads manufacturing technologies.

일부 농촌주부들의 어린이 예방접종에 대한 지식, 태도 및 실천에 관한 조사 : 경기도 시흥군 의왕면 중심

강숙경,구연철,최삼섭 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1979 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.2 No.2

우리나라의 농촌지역 주부들의 어린이 예방접종에 관한 지식, 태도및 실천도를 파악하기 위하여 1978년 8월 1일부터 9월 15일까지 기간중에 경기도 시흥군의 왕면에 거주하는 6세미만 어린이를 가진 주부 250명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 조사대상주부 25~29세군이 39.2%(98명), 30~34세군이 34.8%(87명) 그리고 35세이상군이 14.4%(118명)이었다. 2)조사대상주부의 교육수준별 분포는 국졸이하가 47.2%(36명), 중졸이 35.6%(118명), 고졸이상이 17.2%(43명)이었다. 3) 디·피·티가 디프테리아, 백일해 및 파상풍을 예방하는 예방약품임을 정확히 알고 있는 주부는 250명중 10.4%(26명)였으며, 예방접종 경험주부군(192명에 있어서 13.6%(26명)%, 비경험주부군에 있어서 0.0%(10명)였다. 4) 비·씨·지가 결핵을 예방하는 예방약품임을 알고있는 주부는 전체적으로는 250명중 33.6%(84명)였으며, 예방접종경험주부군에 있어서는 39.8%(68명), 비경험주부군에 있어서는 20.3%(16명)이었다. 5) 폴리오기초기예방접종에 필요한 횟수가 3회임을 정확히 알고 있는 주부는 전체적으로 250명중 27.6%(69명)였으며, 예방접종 경험주부군에 있어서 32.8%, (60명) 비경험주부군에 있어서 13.4%(9명)이었다. 6) 연령 6세미만 어린이 250명의 예방접종 실태를 보면 디·피·티예방접종율은 76.8%(192명), 비·씨·지 예방접종율은 68.4%(171명) 그리고 폴리오예방접종율은 73.2%(183명)이었다. 7) 어린이 예방접종을 위한 의료시설벌 이용율은 주부 250명중 41.6%(104명)가 병의원시설을, 26.4%(66명)가 보건지소를, 24.8%(62명)가 병의원시설과 보건지소를 겸하여 이용하고 있었다. In order to know knowledge, attitude, and practice of rural housewives for vaccination; D.P.T., B.C.G., and Polio-Vaccine, a study was carried out from 1st of August to 15th of September, 1978 with questionaire for home visiting survey in the area of Eewang-Myun, Sihung Gun, Kzunggi Province. And the results were as follows: 1. Out of 250 housewives, 10.4% of them made correct answer that D.P.T, vaccine is effect for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus prevention, and the correct answer rate was 13.6% in the group of experienced and 0.0% in the group of no-experienced vaccination for children. 2. Out of 250 housewives, 33.6% made correct answer that B.C.G. vaccine is effect for tuberculosis prevention. And the correct answer rate was 39.8% in the group of experienced and 20.3% in the group of no-experienced vaccination for children. 3. Out of 250 housewives, 27.6% made correct answer that the number of base vaccination for poliomyelitis prevention is 3 times. And the correct answer rate was 27.6% in the group of experienced and 13.4% in the group of no-experienced vaccination for children. 4. The vaccination rate of 250 children aged under 6 years was 76.8% in D.PT., 68.4% in B.C.G., and 73.2% in Poliovaccine. 5. Out of 250 housewives, 41.6% of them used private clinics or hospitals for vaccination, 26.4% used health subcenter only, and 24.8% used both of private clinic and health subcenter.

한국인 Long Term Non Progressors로부터 분리된 HIV-1 env 및 nef 유전자와 이들의 면역 유전학적 특성 분석에 의한 질병진전 요인 규명

이주실,강춘,김성순,박근용,고운영,기미경,최병선,남정구,서순덕,이성래,구본기,박혜경,도경미,김태규,최희백,조현일,김요숙,김지영,이해정,안수진 국립보건연구원 1999 국립보건원보 Vol.36 No.-

Application of a New Portable Microscopic Somatic Cell Counter with Disposable Plastic Chip for Milk Analysis

Moon, J.S.,Koo, H.C.,Joo, Y.S.,Jeon, S.H.,Hur, D.S.,Chung, C.I.,Jo, H.S.,Park, Y.H. American Dairy Science Association 2007 Journal of dairy science Vol.90 No.5

The somatic cell count (SCC) is one of the international standards for monitoring milk quality, and it is a useful indicator of mastitis. The current reference method for determining the SCC in raw milk is direct microscopic analysis, but this method requires well-trained staff to maintain its accuracy and reproducibility. To overcome these inconveniences, we developed a portable system (the C-reader system) that utilizes the capillary flow of a microfluidic chamber by surface modification of the hydrophilicity. The microfluidic technology of disposable microchips allows for low consumption of reagents, and a combination of ready-to-use reagents makes the daily work easier. The repeatability test of the C-reader using 10 composite bovine milk samples satisfied the recommended values for SCC equipment. In addition, an acceptable accuracy level of the natural logarithmic-transformed SCC [ln(SCC/1,000):+/-0.059 to 0.112] was achieved using composite raw milk samples and various somatic cell standard solutions from the American Eastern Laboratory and the Korean National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service. After testing 875 composite milk samples, the C-reader showed a high correlation coefficient (R<SUP>2</SUP>0.935 to 0.964) and a low mean difference value in log-transformed SCC (-0.088 to 0.004) compared with 3 automatic commercialized somatic cell counters (Fossomatic 4000, Somacount 150, and Somascope). In conclusion, the C-reader system is a new, easy-to-use automatic on-farm method with acceptable repeatability and accuracy for measuring SCC in large dairies and smaller laboratories.

Comparison of 90‐day case‐fatality after ischemic stroke between two different stroke outcome registries using propensity score matching analysis

Yu, K‐,H.,Hong, K‐,S.,Lee, B‐,C.,Oh, M‐,S.,Cho, Y‐,J.,Koo, J‐,S.,Park, J‐,M.,Bae, H‐,J.,Han, M‐,K.,Ju, Y‐,S.,Kang, D‐,W.,Appelros, P. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Acta neurologica Scandinavica Vol.123 No.5

<P>Yu K‐H, Hong K‐S, Lee B‐C, Oh M‐S, Cho Y‐J, Koo J‐S, Park J‐M, Bae H‐J, Han M‐K, Ju Y‐S, Kang D‐W, Appelros P, Norrving B, Terent A. Comparison of 90‐day case‐fatality after ischemic stroke between two different stroke outcome registries using propensity score matching analysis. 
Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 123: 325–331. 
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.</P><P><B>Background – </B> It has not been clarified whether the disparity in ischemic stroke outcome between populations is caused by ethnic and geographic differences or by variations in case mix. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis can overcome some analytical problems but is rarely used in stroke outcome research. This study was to compare the ischemic stroke case‐fatality between two PSM cohorts of Sweden and Korea.</P><P><B>Methods – </B> Prognostic variables related to baseline characteristics and stroke care were included in our PSM model. Then, we selected 7675 Swedish and 1220 Korean patients with ischemic stroke from each stroke registers and performed one‐to‐one matching based on propensity scores of each patient.</P><P><B>Results – </B> After PSM, all measured variables were well balanced in 1163 matched subjects, and the 90‐day case‐fatality was identical 6.2% (HR 0.997, 95%CI 0.905–1.099) in Sweden and Korea.</P><P><B>Conclusions – </B> No difference is found in the 90‐day case‐fatality in propensity score‐matched Swedish and Korean patients with ischemic stroke.</P>

Comparison of the Haas and the Oxford classifications for prediction of renal outcome in patients with IgA nephropathy

Park, K.S.,Han, S.H.,Kie, J.H.,Nam, K.H.,Lee, M.J.,Lim, B.J.,Kwon, Y.E.,Kim, Y.L.,An, S.Y.,Kim, C.H.,Doh, F.M.,Koo, H.M.,Oh, H.J.,Kang, S.W.,Choi, K.H.,Jeong, H.J.,Yoo, T.H. W. B. Saunders Co ; Centrum Philadelphia 2014 Human pathology Vol.45 No.2

Pathologic features can provide valuable information for determining prognosis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, it is uncertain whether the Oxford classification, a new classification of IgAN, can predict renal outcome better than previous ones. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 500 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN between January 2002 and December 2010 to compare the ability of the Haas and the Oxford classifications to predict renal outcome. Primary outcome was a doubling of the baseline serum creatinine concentration (D-SCr). During a mean follow-up of 68months, 52 (10.4%) and 35 (7.0%) developed D-SCr and end-stage renal disease, respectively. There were graded increases in the development of D-SCr in the higher Haas classes. In addition, the primary endpoint of D-SCr occurred more in patients with the Oxford M and T lesions than those without such lesions. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, the Haas class V (HR, 12.19; P=.002) and the Oxford T1 (hazard ratio [HR], 6.68; P<.001) and T2 (HR, 12.16; P<.001) lesions were independently associated with an increased risk of reaching D-SCr. Harrell's C index of each multivariate model with the Haas and the Oxford classification was 0.867 (P=.015) and 0.881 (P=.004), respectively. This was significantly higher than that of model with clinical factors only (C=0.819). However, there was no difference in C-statistics between the 2 models with the Haas and the Oxford classifications (P=.348). This study suggests that the Haas and the Oxford classifications are comparable in predicting progression of IgAN.

실험실 발암 자료의 용량-반응관계

구정완,박정일 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 2002 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.41 No.2

용량 반응 분석은 실험실 발암 자료로부터 인과율을 결정하고, 저농도 위험을 추정하고 가설의 기전을 평가하기 위한 유력한 도구로서 이용된다. 그러나 발암성 용량-반응 자료의 해석은 용량과 반응을 어떻게 정의하는 지에 따라서 좌우된다. 예를 들면, butadiene에 노출된 마우스의 치명적 임파종의 초기 발생을 보정하기 위한 poly-3 quantal response 방법은 이 화학물질에 의해 발생되는 말기암에 대한 용량-반응 관계를 더 잘 나타내는 수단으로 사용된다. chloroprene과 butadiene에 대한 생존 보정후 암 자료에 대하여 Weibull model을 적용하는 것은 마우스에서 이러한 화학물질에 대한 유사한 발암 성질을 보여 준다. 국립 독성 프로그램(National Toxicology Program)에 의해 진행되는 설치류 독성과 발암성 연구와 관련하여 독성체내속도론(toxicokinetics) 연구는 모 화합물과 대사물의 노출과 조직 농도사이의 연관성을 기술하기 위한 방법이다. butadiene 선량측정(dosimetry)을 위한 생리적 약물체내속도론 모델(physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; PBPK)은 래트와 마우스에서 발암 작용의 차이가 epoxybutene(돌연변이 대사 중간물질) 조직 농도의 차이에서 단순히 기인하는 것이아니라는 것을 설명해준다. 그러므로, 이 대사물질의 조직 선량측정 이상의 요소들이 butadine의 발암성에 있어서 중요한 것임에 틀림이 없다. isoprene의 PBPK 모델은isoprene epoxides 혈중 농도가 isoprene 노출 농도의 측정보다 신장 발암 위험의 더 좋은 표식자라는 것을 설명해 준다. trihalomethanes에 의해 유도되는 세포독성, 재생성 과형성(regenerative hyperplasia), 암에 대한 용량-반응 관계의 평가는 이러한 화학물질 군에 있어서 세포 증식이 암 반응의 확실한 예측치는 아니라는 것을 나타낸다.