도시지역에서의 바람길과 대기질 영향에 관한 연구

주현수,김석철,반지영,최순심 한국환경정책평가연구원 2006 한국환경정책평가연구원 연구보고서 Vol.- No.RE-04

생물과 기후의 관계를 연구하는 생물기후학은 바람, 기온 등과 같은 각종 기후요소를 상호 유기적으로 연결하여 기후와 생물활동과의 관계를 파악하기 위한 것으로, 특히 도시지역에서의 기후변화가 인간활동의 질에 많은 영향을 미치고 있음이 인식된 이후 더욱 그 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 전원지역에서는 기후가 자연적 특징에만 의존하지만, 전형적인 도시지역 기후는 자연지형뿐만 아니라 도시의 크기, 구조, 개방된 공간비율 등과 같은 도심지역의 건설환경에 의해서도 많은 영향을 받는다. 도시기후 중 최근 들어 주목을 받고 있는 기후요소 중의 하나가 바람이다. 바람길은 해당지역의 건물 형상이나 배치형태 등의 고정적 요인 뿐 아니라 기상학적 조건(풍향, 풍속, 대기안정도 등) 등의 가변적 요인에 따라서도 변화하며 이에 따른 기류의 소통혹은 차단 등에 의해 대기질에 직접적 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 바람길 변화 분석은 택지개발 계획 대상지역에서 미래의 대기오염을 원천적으로 최소화하여 도시민에게 좀 더 쾌적한 대기환경을 제공할 수 있는 방안을 제시할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 택지개발계획에서는 이러한 바람길의 대기환경영향이 전혀 고려되지 않는 경우가 많았으며, 바람길이 고려된 사례는 극히 일부에서만 찾을 수 있다. 바람길 분석이 이루어진 일부 경우에 있어서도 흐름방해와 정체, 와류현상의 방지차원에서 단순히 “井”, “C"" 자 형의 폐쇄형 배치를 지양하거나, 바람과 평행하게 건축물을 배치하는 등과 같은 원론적 수준의 택지개발전략을 제시하는 것에 그치고 있으며, 실제 그러한 건물배치를 통하여 얼마만큼의 대기질 개선효과를 얻을 수 있는지에 대한 정량적 접근은 시도되지 않았다. 이러한 경향은 외국의 관련 연구자료에서도 유사하게 발견되는데 이는 바람길 분석을 통한 대기환경의 정량적 해석이 결코 용이하지 않다는 것을 의미한다할 수 있겠다. 본 연구에서는 도시지역에서의 바람길과 대기환경의 영향관계를 정량적으로 파악할 수 있는 기초적 방법론을 제시하였는데, 이러한 작업은 국내에서 그동안 한 번도 시도되지 않았던 것으로 파악된다. 도시 개발 시 바람길을 해석하기 위한 가이드라인 등과 같은 방법론은 국내에서는 아직 명확하게 확립되지 않은 상태로 판단되며, 본 연구결과를 기초로 좀 더 심층적인 연구가 추가로 진행될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 바람길의 대기환경영향평가 방법론 확립을 위한 기초를 제시함과 더불어 2개의 사례연구에 대한 CFD 수치해석을 통해 바람길의 대기환경영향을 예측해 보았다. 대규모 택지개발의 경우, 국지순환풍은 광역바람장이 매우 약화된 상태(무풍조건)일때 중요한 역할을 한다. 한편, 기개발된 도심지역에서 건설되는 고층건물의 경우, 건물배치에 따라 통풍환경 및 대기질이 영향을 받으나 전자의 경우와 비교할 때, 그 영향범위가 상대적으로 국지적이며, 고층건물 주위에서 순간적으로 발생하는 돌풍과 같은 강풍의 생성으로 인한 보행환경이 대기질보다 주거환경에 더욱 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 두 가지 사례에 대한 바람길 분석을 통해 통풍환경, 대기질환경 및 보행자환경의 정량적 해석을 시도하였다. 이로부터 도출된 연구결과는 향후 도시개발시 대기환경 개선을 위한 바람길 설치계획의 기초자료로서 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서 수행 Bioclimatology is recently becoming more important as it is known that urban climate impacts human activity largely. Especially wind, one of three climate elements, is coming into the spotlight these days. Efficient wind flow network in urban terrain can afford a good air environment. In this study, we examined EIS"s(Environment Impact Statements) performed in Korea. It was found that some EIS"s did not analyse wind flow at all even though most of developing area has its topography showing mountain and valley winds would be dominant in wind environment. Some of EIS"s tried to analysed wind flow qualitatively for better air quality but only suggested ambiguous idea about urban plan. It is noticed that they analysed wind flow qualitatively not quantitatively. Therefore they could not show how much air quality in urban area can be improved through wind flow analysis. We brought up the CFD wind flow analysis method which is able to measure wind effect quantitatively in terms of impacts of ventilation, air quality and walking in street. As far as we know, this work is performed first in Korea. In addition, we applied this wind flow analysis method into two case studies. One of case studies aimed to examine the effect of new skyscraper construction in a civic center. We assumed imaginary urban development in Songmal-ri, Kyungki Province, Korea in the other case study. Songmal-ri is a typical terrain influenced by mountain and valley winds mainly according to its topography and weather observation. We could introduce some important factors which is able to enhance air environment from two case studies. This work can be a basis for urban planing to achieve better environment.

Effects of Roflumilast on chronic bronchitis symptom in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

주현수,김진우,김규연,윤형규,이진국 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2018 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.126 No.-

Background: Roflumiast is proven to reduce acute exacerbation in COPD patients with severe airflow limitations (FEV1<50%), chronic bronchitis symptoms, and history of frequent exacerbation. However, few studies have been performed on patients who are not eligible for these indications. Also, there is no study of how roflumilast affects cough and sputum. And there is little study on the effects of 250microgram of roflumilast. This study was designed to investigate the effect of roflumilast on chronic bronchitis symptom in COPD patients. Methods: Chronic bronchitis was defined using the result of CAT. If the patients answered either of CAT1 or CAT2 question more than 2, it is defined as chronic bronchitis. Roflumilast 250 microgram was prospectively administered to COPD patients with chronic bronchitis symptom, and the CAT score before and 3 months after administration were compared. Results: 16 COPD patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, one patient discontinued roflumilast due to side effects. Total CAT score before administration was 16.67 (±8.17), and total CAT score after 3 months was 14.67 (±6.79) (p=0.050). CAT1 score before administration was 2.13 (±1.51) and CAT1 score after 3 months was 1.20 (±1.15) (p=0.043). CAT2 score before administration was 3.27 (±1.16) and CAT2 score after 3 months was 2.60 (±1.45) (p=0.036). There was a significant decrease in CAT score. The percentage of patients who showed reduction of CAT score was 86.7% (13/15). Conclusion: Roflumilast was also effective in reducing chronic bronchitis symptoms.

Incidence of Adverse Effects and Discontinuation Rate between Patients Receiving 250 Micrograms and 500 Micrograms of Roflumilast: A Comparative Study

주현수,한덕재,이재하,이진국 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2018 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.81 No.4

Background: Roflumilast is the only approved oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with chronic bronchitis and a history of frequent exacerbations. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of adverse effects associated with roflumilast treatment in a real-world setting. Further, we compared the incidence of adverse effects and the discontinuation rate among patients receiving different doses. Methods: We identified all outpatients diagnosed with COPD at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital between May 2011 and September 2016 and retrospectively reviewed their medical records. Roflumilast was prescribed to patients in doses of 500 mg and 250 mg. Results: A total of 269 COPD patients were prescribed roflumilast in our hospital during the study period. Among them, 178 patients were treated with 500 mg and 91 patients were treated with 250 mg. The incidence of adverse effects was 38.2% in the 500 mg group and 25.3% in the 250 mg group (p=0.034). The discontinuation rate of roflumilast was 41.6% (n=74) in the 500 mg group and 23.1% (n=21) in the 250 mg group (p=0.003). When adjusted by age, sex, smoking status, and lung function, 500 mg dose was significantly associated with the discontinuation of roflumilast (odds ratio, 2.87; p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a lower incidence of adverse effects and discontinuation among patients treated with 250 mg compared with 500 mg dose. Further studies regarding the optimal dose of roflumilast are required.

오원천의 식물플랑크톤 군집에 대한 연구

주현수,김진,박종천,정원석,송현철,이용탁,이우범 國立麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2004 環境硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

We carried out a study on phytoplankton community at Owon stream, Jeollabukdo, Korea. The author have examined 83 taxa of the phytoplankton from researched area. These were composed of 5 classes, 11 orders, 21 families, 44 genera, 79 species, and 9 varieties. The composition of occurrence species were as follows: green algae are 48.2%, diatoms are 33.7%, blue green algae are 10.8% and etc(7.3%). Dominant species were Chlamydomonas angulosa, Pandorina morum, Coelastrum microporum, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Staurastrum gracile, Melosira varians, Me. italica, Synedra ulna, Sy. acus, Cocconeis placentula, and Cymbella tumida. The standing crops varied from 1,650cells/ℓ to 47,000cells/ℓ. Phytoplankton density of Owon stream were lower about 8.6 times to a 1,531 times than those of other lakes and rivers in Korea. So, to preserve the water quality in Owon stream we have to manage continuously on the nitrogen and phosphorus.

녹지의 대기환경영향에 관한 연구 -도심지역에서의 녹지와 국지적 대기환경영향과의 상관관계를 중심으로

주현수,김석철,최순심,배수영 한국환경정책평가연구원 2005 기본연구보고서 Vol.2005 No.-

Characteristics of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome Phenotype Groups

주현수,김세원,이화영,최준영,강지영,김승준,김석찬,이숙영,김영균,이진국 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.120 No.-

Background : Study of the classification and clinical feature of ACOS has been steadily. We previously proposed 4 phenotypes of ACOS according to eosinophilic inflammation, history of allergic disease, and smoke exposure. Each phenotype has a different underlying pathophysiology. And this approach is easily applicable in clinical practice. According to these phenotypes, we categorized patients and studied about the features. Methods : Patients with ACOS were eligible if their post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio is less than 0.70 and have positive response of brochondilator. The enrolled patients were divided into four phenotype groups according to blood eosinophil counts and smoke history. Results : In each of the four groups (ACOS phenotype A, B, C, D) it belonged 24, 18, 40, 21 patients. The mean age in each groups were 59±3.05, 62±2.69, 68±1.69, 70±2.66, respectively. And the percentage of male patients were 41.6%, 27.7%, 100%, 95.2%, respectively. There were relatively more female subjects in group A and B, but the majority of subjects in group C and D were male. The mean FEV1(%) in each groups were 67.0%, 58.9%, 62.8%, 61.9%, respectively, while FEV1/FVC were 63.1%, 62.5%, 51.5%, 53.8% respectively. Phenotype C group had the lowest mean FEV1/FVC. ICS+LABA was the most commonly used inhaler in all phenotype groups, while the percentage of LAMA usage was 20.8%, 33.3%, 40.0%, 52.4%, respectively. Conclusions : Our results showed differences in PFT values and medications usage according to ACOS phenotypes, which should be taken into consideration during treatment.

Impact of financial friction on productivity and international reserves with heterogeneous production functions

주현수 한양대학교 경제연구소 2017 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Vol.22 No.1

During a sudden stop period in developing countries, the subsequent productivity drop is an interesting yet unexplained phenomenon. By assuming different capital levels for production, we show that a lack of capital caused by a sudden stop in developing countries may lead to a drop in output production and productivity. Furthermore, the optimal level of international reserves under an economy with indivisible technology increases more than the level under a benchmark economy with divisible technology because the cost of a sudden stop is larger.

도시지역에서의 바람길과 대기질 영향에 관한 연구

주현수,김석철,반지영,최순심 한국환경정책평가연구원 2006 기본연구보고서 Vol.2006 No.-

셰일가스 국내 도입에 따른 에너지,환경 정책 수립을 위한 기초연구

주현수,조한나 한국환경정책평가연구원 2012 한국환경정책평가연구원 기초연구보고서 Vol.2012 No.-

저서동물을 이용한 진양호 유입하천의 수질평가

주현수,박종천,이원교 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 1999 環境硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

This study was conducted to evaluate the biological water quality by aquatic benthos community analysis in the upper stream of Lake Jinyang of Kyungsangnamdo province. The total of benthic animal during surveyed period was indentified in all sites 31 species, 31 genera, 27 famillies 15 orders 7class in 4 phylums; In phylum platyhelmites 1 species, 1genus 1 family 1 order 3 class , in annelida 3 species 3 genera, 3 famillies 3 orders 2 class, in mollesca, 4 species, 4 genera, 3 famillies 3 orders 2 class, and in arthropoda 29 species, 24 genera, 20 famillies 8 orders 2 class were recorded. According to the analysis of biological indices of dominance index(DI), water quality of majority was either ? -mesosaprobic or polysaprobic but site 1 and 4 were polysaprobic at all seasons. In case of diversity index(H'). however, water quality in all sites were polysaprobic.