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이인택 중국어문학회 2000 中國語文學誌 Vol.7 No.-
This paper deals with the existence and position of Dong-yi culture in ancient China viewed from mythic and linguistic perspective, and investigates that Dong-yi culture has played a considerably important role as the origin of Chinese culture. Basically, ancient China had formed the coexistence structure of pluralistic and diverse culture such as civilization of Yellow River, Yangzi River and Liaoning Province, and also consisted of multiple races such as Dong-yi, Hua-xia and Miao-man tribes, among which Dong-yi tribe, as major group, had presumably played an active part for more than thousands of years since prehistoric time. In conclusion, we can assume that Dong-yi culture has a couple of characteristics as follows: shaman culture, worship of sun and bird and so on. Moreover, Dong-yi's altaic language had effected on the structure of word order of ancient Chinese, which means the power of influence of Dong-yi culture. For example, it is easy to find the word order pattern of S+O+V of altaic language in Confucius Analects, Book of Songs, Sayings of Zuangzi, etc. In brief, ancient China had not formed a mono culture made by Han tribe only, but consisted of multiple cultures including Dong-yi culture.
타이완 원주민 인류기원 모티프 신화 분석- 排灣族, 卑南族, 魯凱族 신화를 중심으로 -
이인택 한국중국언어문화연구회 2013 한중언어문화연구 Vol.- No.33
This article deals with the characteristics of myths of Paiwan, Lukai and Beinan resided in Taiwan, and also tries to make a search for the relation among these tribes more deeply, based on the mythic stories. There are few world creation stories in Taiwan alpine tribe’s myths, but on the other hand there are plenty of myths related with the human origin. Accordingly, this article is mainly focusing on the creation of humankind, especially the progenitor of the tribes. Generally speaking, these three tribes have the common mythic patterns, which show us their strong blood and culture relation. At the same time, each tribe has different mythic elements, due to the frequent exchange with the other tribes besides these tribes in a tiny island. Especially, the coexistence of diverse patterns like birth by stone or bamboo and incubation of egg by the sun or snake in a tribe’s myths reflects the influence of the mutual relation or unity between tribes with different totems. And we can presume that the formation of Taiwan alpine culture originated from the culture of southern areas such as Indonesia, Philippine on the one hand, and the culture of southern China on the other hand, through the research on the bamboo myth and the close relation between Taiwan alpine language and Indonesian language, and in the light of the partial similarity of Taiwan alpine myth and Chinese one. Meanwhile, the pattern of egg birth by the sun in Taiwan alpine myth is slightly different from the type of oviparity by sunbird, which is popular in the cultural area of east sea including Dong-yi culture.
이인택 중국어문학회 2003 中國語文學誌 Vol.14 No.-
This article deals with the study on the application of myths in Chinese fiction of Tang & post-Tang period - especially Song & Yuan dynasties, for the myth has functioned as an origin of later literary works, and it is the case with the relation between Chinese myth and its literature. In conclusion, a lot of writers during Tang, Song & Yuan period continued to compose stories with the application of mythic materials, taking over the tradition of mythic application of the writings of Six Dynasties. Such stones as The Ancient Mirror, The Story cf the Pillow, The Governor of the Southern Tributary State, Li Tang, The White Monkey, Accounts cf Mysteries & Monsters, Taiping Miscellany, The White Snake, Tales of Xuan He Period, Tripitaka's Search for Buddhist Sutras used mythic materials like Emperor Huang, Western Mother, and also applied mythic motifs like rebirth, transfoxmation and so on, through which writers showed their various mind, will, thought and intention.
이인택,최규석,Liu Weidong,원동일,조민정,전수한 대한대장항문학회 2006 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.22 No.5
Purpose: The laparoscopic approach is thought to reduce postoperative immunologic and metabolic effects after surgery compared to the open approach. This study was designed to compare the systemic immune and metabolic responses after laparoscopic and open surgery in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: Forty-four patients with colorectal cancer were prospectively assigned to undergo either a laparoscopic (n=22) or open (n=22) approach. The postoperative immune and metabolic responses were assessed by measuring the serum level of the relative proportion of lymphocytes, the T-cell count, the natural killer cell (NK-cell) count, the human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression on monocytes, the interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) at specific time intervals. Results: Both approaches resulted in a significant decrease in lymphocyte count, T-cell count, NK-cell count, and HLA- DR expression on monocytes at 2, 24, and 72 hours postoperatively. However, the decrease in HLA-DR expression on monocytes was more significant in open surgery at 2 hour postoperatively (mean level, laparoscopic: 90.9% vs. open: 83.1%, P<0.001). Significant rises in IL-6 and CRP were demonstrated within 72 hour postoperatively in both groups. However, no significant difference between the two groups was seen. Conclusions: Although both laparoscopic and open surgery in patients with colorectal cancer evoked an alteration of the systemic inflammatory and immune response, our data showed that a HLA-DR expression on monocytes may be less compromised after laparoscopic approach for an immediate postoperative period. However, clearer evidence from large-scaled prospective randomized trials are needed.
李仁澤 중국어문학연구회 2002 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.20
〉This article aims at close search for Korean native and inmate thoughts through the examination of myths of Korean, Altaic, and Dongyi area, which contain plenty of ancient Korean philosophy, culture, and thinking way. First of all, we can easily find the thought of the harmony between nature and human beings as well as the idea of the worship toward the sun and heaven, from the angle of natural viewpoint viewed in myth. Secondly, there remains a deep rooted shamanism in Korean myths in terms of religious perspective. Thirdly, Korean myths have reflected harmony and coexistence among peoples even under the social structure of multi races, and also retained the idea of esteem for female. Fourthly, there contain positive views on life such as the rebirth and eternity of life in a lot of mythic materials. Lastly, Korean people have kept the idea of Humanism focusing on human dignity, from a viewpoint of outlook on world viewed in myth, particularly in Tan-gun myth and some shaman songs. Those ideas above mentioned could be used as the basic thinking frame enough to resolve the worldwide issues such as pollution, disharmony among different races, and so on in the future.
청대 소설의 신화 운용 고찰 - 『聊齋志異』,『紅樓夢』을 중심으로
이인택 중국어문학연구회 2005 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.35
Chinese myths have influenced the later fiction to some extent. Under such a background, this paper deals with analyzing how and why the ancient myths have been applied and transformed in Chinese fiction of Qing dynasty, especially focusing on Liaozhaizhiyi and Hongloumeng. In conclusion, the writers of Qing dynasty applied in their works such mythic motifs as transformation, rebirth, stone, quest hero, and discard motif as well as such mythic materials as dragon, water god, Xiwangmu, queer country, Yi, and Heng-e. And we can summarize how the myth is applied or transformed in fiction as follows: the addition of imagination, the intentional combination of different mythic stories, the diverse application of mythic motifs, and the exaggerative or changed description of mythic feature or image. We can also presume what Chinese writers intend to do by applying myths as follows: the exposure of official corruption, the expression of hatred and emotion, the pursuit of ideal world, the description of hope for immortality, the ridicule of unreasonable social phenomena, the appeal of sexual equality and the expression of dissatisfaction. In summary, the writers of Qing dynasty expressed their feelings and ideals through using diverse mythic materials. Accordingly, we can reassure that Qing dynasty was a period of reproduction of myths, playing an important role as a bridge connecting the tradition using myths as fiction materials to modern literature.
A Comparative Study on Cosmology of Chinese and Korean Myths
이인택 한국중국학회 2004 國際中國學硏究 Vol.0 No.7
Ancient myths refer to the most basic problems of human life, for they are concerned with the ultimate meaning, not only of our own existence, but of the entire cosmos as well. This paper deals with the outlook on the universe, the type of creation of each country, and the mutual influence of the two countries on each other, focusing on Chinese and Korean myths. This article is subdivided into two sections: chaos and creation of the world, and cosmos after creation. In the Chinese case, some fragments of creation myths remain in the form of both written records and oral traditions. By contrast, some vestiges of creation myths can be found in Korean shaman songs.Concerning cosmology we can summarize as follows: (1) Conditions before the beginning of the world - Chaos in both countires; (2) Creator-gods - Pan Gu and Nu Wa in China; Hwan In, Miruk in Korea; (3) Methods of creation - Transformation, or spontaneous generation in China; Partial transformation, creation by a creator, or spontaneous generation in Korea (such motifs as chaos and pillar are common in both myths); (4) The creation of a human being out of yellow clay in both countries (the motif of the transformation of a super being into human beings is found only in the Chinese myth); (5) a clear-cut difference between the two myths is that later on the relationship between heaven and humans in Chinese myth suddenly stopped, whereas the rift between the two worlds never occurred in Korean myth.
이인택 중국어문학회 2002 中國語文學誌 Vol.12 No.-
It is generally said that the myth has functioned as an origin of later literary works. It is also the case with the relation between Chinese myth and its literature. This paper deals with the study on mythic application of the literature of Six dynasties, under such an understanding. The main contents are composed of the general relationship between myth and literature, and the mythic application of poetry & fiction in Six dynasties. As a result of investigation, we can find out that almost 30 novels and a lot of poems created by 7 famous poets have used myth as a material, which means a great influence of myth on literature in this period. We can also confirm that stories concerning Xiwangmu, tragic hero, and herdman & woman weaver have been frequently used as a fiction material, and myth has been transformed either intentionally or for interest, which proves that the fiction of this period got the position as a real one made with author's intention. Lastly, we assume that the literary works with mythic materials in Six Dynasties have been written with a various purpose, and writers of Tang & post-Tang dynasties have succeeded to the tradition of such a mythic application.