Mosquitocidal activity of anthraquinones isolated from symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus of entomopathogenic nematode

안준영,이준엽,양은주,이영진,송경식,이경열 한국응용곤충학회 2013 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.16 No.3

Two anthraquinones were isolated from the symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus temperata of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis spp. by repeated column chromatography. They were abundantly present in the culture medium and identified as 1,3-dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone and 3-methoxychrysazine by spectral analysis. The isolated anthraquinones were highly lethal to larvae of Culex pipiens pallens. Our results suggest that anthraquinones might be useful as biopesticides for the biological control of mosquitoes. © Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society andMalaysian Plant Protection Society,

폐기물처리시설의 적정성 평가를 위한 환경평가 고도화 연구

안준영,지민규,유재진 한국환경연구원 2021 기본연구보고서 Vol.2021 No.-

Ⅰ. 연구의 배경 □ 국내 폐기물 불법처리 및 폐기물처리시설 부족 문제가 지속적으로 나타나면서 환경영향평가의 기능과 역할의 중요성이 점점 커지고 있음. 특히 친환경적 자원순환 항목의 환경영향평가는 개발 공사 및 시설 운영 시 발생하는 다량의 폐기물에 대하여 발생지 처리 원칙에 기반한 근거리 처리를 강화할 수 있고, 지역 간 균형을 고려한 폐기물처리시설의 신설 및 증설 계획 수립을 유도할 수 있음. □ 이를 위해서는 환경영향평가 시 친환경적 자원순환 항목에서는 지역별 폐기물 처리 역량, 폐기물처리시설 용량, 폐기물 연계처리 여부 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 폐기물 처리시설의 적정성 평가가 이루어져야 함. 그러나 지금까지 친환경적 자원순환 항목에서는 폐기물 발생량을 산정하여 영향예측으로 제시하고, 「폐기물관리법」 등이 규정한 폐기물 처리 방법을 주요 저감 방안으로 제시할 뿐 폐기물처리시설의 적정성을 판단할 수 있는 기준과 근거에 기반한 평가는 이루지지 못하고 있음. Ⅱ. 연구의 목적 및 내용 □ 이에 본 연구에서는 친환경적 자원순환 항목의 환경영향평가를 개선하고자 폐기물처리시설의 적정성 평가 기법을 개발하고 이를 고도화하고자 폐기물처리시설의 적정성 평가 판단 기준 및 근거를 마련하여 폐기물처리시설의 적정성 의사결정모델 및 판단 프로세스를 구축함. 또한 17개 광역지자체 및 226개 기초지자체에 대한 폐기물처리시설의 적정성 평가를 자동화하기 위해 판단 프로세스를 프로그래밍하여 QGIS 기반 ‘폐기물처리시설의 적정성 평가를 위한 데이터 정보화 플랫폼’을 구축함. □ 본 연구를 통해 개발한 ‘폐기물처리시설 적정성 평가를 위한 데이터 정보화 플랫폼’ 분석 결과(부록 I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ 참조)를 활용하면 지역별 폐기물 처리 역량, 폐기물처리시설 용량, 폐기물 연계처리 여부 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 폐기물 처리 계획을 수립할 수 있을 것으로 기대함. 이는 환경영향평가 단계에서 폐기물처리시설의 지역 간 불균형에 따른 특정 지역으로의 폐기물 처리부하 가중과 그로 인한 환경적 영향을 선제적으로 저감할 수 있음을 의미함. □ 더 나아가 본 연구에서는 민간 또는 공공 폐기물처리시설 계획의 수립자 및 환경영향평가 이해관계자가 폐기물처리시설 계획 단계에서 지역별 균형을 고려하여 폐기물처리시설의 입지 지역의 타당성을 분석할 수 있도록 ‘폐기물처리시설 적정성 평가를 위한 데이터 정보화 플랫폼’과 ‘공간 정보(ArcGIS)를 활용한 폐기물처리시설 위치 기반 운송시간-거리 정보’에 관한 통합연구를 수행함. 지금까지 폐기물처리시설의 적정성 평가를 위한 기법이나 모델 등이 제시되지 않았기 때문에 본 연구 결과의 학술적 확장 가능성과 의미는 상당히 클 것으로 판단됨. □ 본 연구는 2차 연도로 계획되어 있고, 해당 연구는 1차 연도 연구로서 최종 연구 결과물은 논문 등으로 발표될 예정임. 본 연구에서 개발한 평가 기법 및 데이터 정보화 모델의 실효성을 제고하기 위해서는 먼저 환경영향평가 작정 규정 개선, 법률 개정을 통해 폐기물처리시설을 최적화하는 전략 수립, 국가 통계 데이터의 실효성을 제고하는 방안 마련이 필요하다고 판단됨. Ⅰ. Background and Aims of Research In South Korea, most household waste is processed in public landfill sites or incinerators the plans for their construction, operation, management, and etc. of which are established by local governments. Most of other wastes such as industrial waste, construction waste, and etc. are treated in private sector, in accordance with market economy principle, occupying more than 70% of total waste generated, and thus their role in waste treatment is very important in South Korea. In general, as most private enterprises select the economically efficient site or location for construction of their waste treatment facilities, the private landfill sites or incinerators have been unevenly distributed centering around some regions. And thus, environment impacts in the regions are aggravated by air-pollutants and odor. Moreover local governments have not responsibility for the management of other wastes excepts household waste, which could accelerate the uneven distribution of the private waste treatment facilities in the local governments. Currently private waste treatment facilities in South Korea are on their last legs, and it is viewed that EIA projects for the construction of new waste treatment facilities will be proposed. However, if construction sites for new waste treatment facilities are selected without considering regional balance in waste generation and treatment, not only it could be confronted by strong opposition of the local population but also environment impacts in the site region might be aggravated by air-pollutants and odor. Hence, steps in site selection of new waste treatment facilities needs to consider the regional capability of waste treatment facilities and the balance between waste generation and treatment in the 226 local governments of 17 metropolitan municipalities. To date, there is no methods for readily identifying the waste treatment capability and balance of the local governments. Hence, we developed ‘data informatization platform’, which was combined with ‘spacial information on waste transport time-distance’, to visualize the analyzed information on the waste treatment capability and balance of the local governments of 17 metropolitan municipalities. Ⅱ. Methodology South Korea consists of 17 metropolitan municipalities and 226 local governments (Sis/Guns/Gus), and there are many landfills and incineration facilities. In this study, we analyzed a national statistics, National Waste Generation and Treatment Status, from which unit data informations on the waste generation and treatment of 226 local governments were extracted. The unit informations were used to develop the decision-making models and judgment process to analyze the adequacy of waste treatment facilities for the local governments. Input data to the models were prepared from the data used for extraction of unit information. Then, the models and process developed were programed to automatically analyze the waste treatment capability of the metropolitan municipalities and their local governments, named as 'data informatization platform', which built based on QGIS. In addition, a study on visualization of information on waste transport time-distance to waste treatment facilitates was performed using ArcGIS for unification with 'data informatization platform'. Ⅲ. Results and Discussions Waste treatment capabilities of 226 local governments was compared using the results analyzed by ‘Data informatization platform’ (refer to Appendix I, II, III, IV). As the results, the capacity of the public landfills managed by the local governments was sufficient, but the capacity of the incinerators was found to be insufficient overall. Most of the local governments had incinerators, which are old and thus need new construction or replacement. The remaining capacity of industrial waste landfills nationwide is about 5 years, which means that EIA projects for new construction of public incinerators as well as private landfills will increase in near future. The other results combined with spacial information on waste transport time-distance to waste treatment facilitates showed potential site regions that is necessary for balancing waste treatment facilities among the local governments. We designed this study, planners of private or public waste treatment facilities, waste treatment facility approval agencies, consulting organizations, and environmental impact assessors, etc. considered the regional balance of waste treatment facilities in the waste treatment facility planning stage to determine the location of waste treatment facilities. In order to support feasibility analysis, a basic study was conducted for the integration of the 'data informatization platform for waste treatment facility adequacy evaluation' and 'waste treatment facility location-based transport time-distance information using spatial information (ArcGIS)'. In this study, we attempted to develop an analysis technique that can compare the waste treatment capability of 226 local governments and to readily identify which region needs waste treatment facilities in terms of regional balance of waste generation and treatment. Finally it was confirmed that using the data informatization platform developed through this study could make it possible for EIA stakeholders such as proponents, government officials, and so on to intuitively make a balanced planning of site regions for new construction of waste treatment plants. Ⅳ. Policy Suggestions 1) Improvement of regulations for environmental impact assessment Strategic environmental impact assessment (SEA) is performed only for public waste treatment facilities constituting the site selection committee. In contrary, private waste treatment plant projects are subjected to only environmental impact assessment (EIA) or small-scale environmental impact assessment (SEIA). Therefore, private waste treatment plant projects are focused on assessing short-term environmental impacts rather than strategic assessment such as considering the regional balance of waste treatment facilities among the local governments. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the regulations on the preparation of environmental impact assessment to enable strategic assessment of waste treatment facilities in the stage of EIA and SEIA. 2) Measures to improve the effectiveness of national statistical data The accuracy and effectiveness of the decision-making model and judgment process on the adequacy of waste treatment facilities constructed through this study are dependent on the accuracy of the source data, National Waste Generation and Treatment Status. A considerable number of N/A values can be confirmed from the analysis results of the data information platform presented in the appendix of this research report. It was confirmed that this was caused by omission of some data in the source data, or an error in data entry. Nevertheless, the decision-making model and decision-making process were built using this data because the above-mentioned issues were recognized as improvements rather than problems. In order to enhance the effectiveness of the data information platform, it is necessary to identify the cause of omission or error in data and improve it so that it can be supplemented.

The Radiological Response Rate Pattern Is Associated With Recurrence Free Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

안준영,박우찬,윤창익,백필선,조민경,YOO TAE KYUNG R 한국유방암학회 2022 Journal of breast cancer Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiological response rate patterns during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Patients who underwent NAC with two specific chemotherapy regimens (doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide or doxorubicin with docetaxel) and who underwent a response evaluation every two cycles were included in the study. The initial response ratio was defined as the ratio of the largest tumor diameter at diagnosis to that after two cycles of NAC. The latter response ratio was defined as the ratio between the tumor size after two cycles and that after four cycles of NAC. The radiological response rate pattern was divided into three groups: the fast-to-slow response group (F–S group, initial response ratio > latter response ratio + 20%), slow-to-fast response group (S–F group, latter response ratio > initial response ratio + 20%), and constant response group (less than 20% difference between the initial and latter response ratios). Results: In total, 177 patients were included in the analysis. Forty-two (23.9%) patients were categorized into the F–S group, 26 (14.8%) into the S–F group, and 108 (61.2%) into the constant group. Clinicopathologic factors did not differ according to radiologic response rate patterns. The median follow-up period was 50 months (range, 3–112) months. In the univariate analysis, the F–S group had a significantly worse recurrence-free survival than the S–F and constant groups (hazard ratio [HR], 3.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–12.46; p = 0.041). The F–S group also presented with significantly worse survival than the S–F group in the multivariate analysis (HR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.00–11.89; p = 0.049). Conclusion: The F–S group had a poorer survival rate than the S–F group. Radiological response rate patterns may be useful for accurate prognostic assessments, especially when considering post-neoadjuvant therapy.

2021 서해상 대기질 입체관측(YES-AQ) 기간 중 항공관측 결과

안준영,박진수,최진수,김현재,성민영,김정호,유희정 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

장거리 이동물질에 의해 대기질 악화 현상이 발생하나, 서해상은 관측공백 지역으로 국내로 유입되는 오염물질의 특성과 변화과정에 대한 이해가 부족함에 따라 국립기상과학원이 주관하는 “서해상 대기질 입체관측(YES-AQ)” 캠페인에 참여하여 서해로 유입되는 오염물질과 황사에 대한 거동을 관측하였다. 특히 3월 23일은 기상청의 나라호 항공기와 서해상 대기질 관측비행을 수행하여 해상의 기상1호, PBL 아래 고도에서의 국립환경과학원 미세먼지감시항공기(한서대학교), 상층고도의 나라호로 연결된 입체관측이 수행되었다. 미세먼지감시항공기에는 고분해능 미세먼지 질량분석기(HR-ToF-AMS)등 9대의 실시간 관측장비가 관측에 활용되었으며, 내륙의 수도권과 경기권 대기환경연구소에서도 미세먼지 질량분석기의 동시관측이 진행되었다. 3월21일 내몽골과 고비사막에서 발원한 황사는 시베리아 고기압의 확장과 함께 남하하여 23일 새벽에는 발해만과 산둥반도까지 이동하였으며 황사와 함께 하층으로는 미세먼지(PM2.5) 또한 서해안으로 유입되었다. 22일 오후부터 시베리아 고기압이 변질되면서 서해상은 주로 남서풍이 주풍향이 됨에 따라 항공관측과 선박관측이 집중적으로 수행된 위도 34 - 37도, 경도 124도 10분 지역은 황사와 미세먼지(PM2.5)가 혼재된 양상이 관측되었다. 22일부터 유입된 미세먼지(PM1)은 서해 중부해상(위도 36도30분, 경도 124도40분)의 관측지점에서 가장 높은 농도인 17 ㎍/㎥ 수준이 나타났으며 주로 질산염과 유기물질이 주성분으로 확인되었다. 23일 오전과 오후 2회의 비행에서 모두 전일보다 낮은 미세먼지(PM₁) 농도가 관측되었다. 오전의 경우 이륙 직후 해안 근처에서 15 ㎍/㎥ 수준의 농도가 확인되었으나 중부해상 고도 300m 상공에서는 4.2 ∼ 5.0 ㎍/㎥ 농도가 관측되었고, 오후의 경우 보다 감소하여 3.2 ∼ 3.6 ㎍/㎥ 수준의 농도가 관측되었다. 주성분은 전일과 같이 질산염과 유기물질이었으며 황산염은 22일 관측결과보다 약 0.2 ㎍/㎥ 감소한 일정한 수준이었다. 항공기에 탑재된 SP₂의 scattering channel에서 나오는 산란값을 농도로 환산하여 산정한 상층에 부유하는 미세먼지는 오히려 23일 관측에서 점차 증가하여 황사의 영향이 서해중부에 나타나고 있음을 확인하였다. 23일 오전 서해 중부해상의 대기질은 PBL 아래 하층은 초미세먼지(PM-2.5), 상층의 황사의 영향이 확인된 사례이며 특히 하층으로만 장거리이동한 초미세먼지(PM-2.5)는 질산염과 유기물질이 주요성분인 이동사례로서 sea level에서는 농도가 더 높고 고도가 증가할수록 감소하며 PBL 이상에서는 영향이 없는 이동사례로 판단된다.

미세먼지 간이측정기 성능평가

안준영,박진수,전하은,김현재,이용환,성민영 한국분석과학회 2019 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

폐기물처리시설의 적정성 평가를 위한 환경평가 고도화 연구(Ⅱ)

안준영,지민규,유재진 한국환경연구원 2022 기본연구보고서 Vol.2022 No.-

인장시험 시 전기 저항 측정을 통한 손상 연구

안준영,이성진,박정덕,장택진,김종봉 대한기계학회 2023 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.47 No.3

The stress-strain relation is typically used to obtain mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, yield stress, and elongation. The stress-strain relation is particularly important in the forming process design using engineering software such as finite element analysis. Recently, damage and material softening by damage has been frequently used in the analysis of plastic deformation. To consider the damage softening, the stress-strain relation of a pure material without damage should be used in the analysis. However, the mechanical properties obtained by the simple tensile test are not the pure properties of the material, but those that reveal internal defects, such as voids, inside the material. In this study, to obtain the stress-strain relation of a pure material without damage was obtained by correcting the measured stress-strain relation using the electric resistance change during the plastic deformation. 응력-변형률 선도를 이용하여 금속의 인장강도, 항복강도, 연신율 등의 기계적 물성은 기계 산업 분야에서 매우 중요하게 활용되고 있다. 특히, 응력-변형률 선도는 유한요소 해석 등의 공학적 소프트웨어를 활용한 해석 및 설계를 수행하는데 매우 중요한 자료이다. 최근에는, 손상과 손상에 의한 연화를 고려하여 소성변형을 해석하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 단순 인장 시험으로 얻어지는 소성변형 이후의 응력-변형률 관계는 재료의 순수한 물성치가 아닌, 재료 내부의 공극 생성과 같은 내부 결함이 포함되어 손상된 물성치라고 할 수 있다. 결함 또는 손상에 의한 재료 연화가 중요시되지 않는 설계에서는 큰 문제없이 측정된 응력-변형률 선도를 활용할 수 있지만, 손상에 의한 연화를 고려하여 수행되는 설계나 해석에서는 소성변형에 따른 결함을 측정하고 반영할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는, 결함이 없는 상태의 응력-변형률을 얻기 위해 소성변형에 따른 전기 저항의 변화를 이용하였다. 전류는 물질의 내부를 통과해 흐르기 때문에 재료의 내부 결함(공극)을 충분히 반영할 수 있기 때문이다. 인장 시험에서 측정한 응력-변형률 관계를 측정한 전기 저항의 변화를 고려하여 공극이 없는 상태의 응력-변형률 선도를 얻고자한다.

우리나라 산성가하물의 분포와 특징 및 강하량 산정 ; 2005~2007년

안준영,이상덕,신선아,신아윤,손정석,홍유덕,한진석,정일록 한국대기환경학회 2008 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Codeless Deep Learning of COVID-19 Chest X-Ray Image Dataset with KNIME Analytics Platform

안준영,서호석,김영곤,이규은,김성완,공현중 대한의료정보학회 2021 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.27 No.1

Objectives: This paper proposes a method for computer-assisted diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughchest X-ray imaging using a deep learning model without writing a single line of code using the Konstanz Information Miner(KNIME) analytics platform. Methods: We obtained 155 samples of posteroanterior chest X-ray images from COVID-19open dataset repositories to develop a classification model using a simple convolutional neural network (CNN). All of theimages contained diagnostic information for COVID-19 and other diseases. The model would classify whether a patient wasinfected with COVID-19 or not. Eighty percent of the images were used for model training, and the rest were used for testing. The graphic user interface-based programming in the KNIME enabled class label annotation, data preprocessing, CNNmodel training and testing, performance evaluation, and so on. Results: 1,000 epochs training were performed to test thesimple CNN model. The lower and upper bounds of positive predictive value (precision), sensitivity (recall), specificity, andf-measure are 92.3% and 94.4%. Both bounds of the model’s accuracies were equal to 93.5% and 96.6% of the area under thereceiver operating characteristic curve for the test set. Conclusions: In this study, a researcher who does not have basic knowledgeof python programming successfully performed deep learning analysis of chest x-ray image dataset using the KNIME independently. The KNIME will reduce the time spent and lower the threshold for deep learning research applied to healthcare.

대도시 PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>의 물리화학적 조성에 관한 연구

안준영,김현재,문광주,이민도,전하은,오준,최진수,박승명,박종성,송인호,김선정,정선아,조미라,김정수,김종춘,이석조,한진석,이상욱,조정구,박기형,이순진,도화석,하현섭,유희종,서광엽,김승호,이봉우,하덕호,박선호,김도순 한국대기환경학회 2010 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10월