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문형준 21세기영어영문학회 2018 영어영문학21 Vol.31 No.4
This study explores the role of catastrophic narrative in the current age of ecological crises. ‘The Anthropocene,’ a neologism referring to our current geological age, makes us face the exigencies of ecological devastations around the world. News of heatwaves, tsunamis, hurricanes, micro dust and so on has become a global phenomenon. Scientific researche tells us that these disastrous ecological events have resulted mostly from the anthropocentric activities, driven by capitalism since the Industrial Revolution. In the times of the Anthropocene, therefore, everything human could be shifted: from human history to ecological history, from human agency to non-human environment, etc. So, what can this tell us about literature? Literature can be thought of as a narrative that deals with humans, with non-humans and nature only as a background. But in the age of the Anthropocene, this conventional concept of literature should be reinvented according to the changing environment. This study suggests that catastrophic narrative, which imagines and depicts the end of the current order, has features that fit the literature in the Anthropocene. Imagining a deadly situation for the collective human race, catastrophic narrative defamiliarizes familiar settings and themes of modern, humanist, realist fictions: it concretely, as well as metaphorically, imagines the end of human beings; it puts ecological issues above human issues; it accepts the post-human conditions; and it presents conventional humanist values as estranged. By analyzing zombie narrative as a case study for these arguments, this article proposes that now is the right time to read and think seriously about the possibilities of catastrophic narrative.
문형준,오진식,나운성,염민주,한상윤,김성재,박봉균,송대섭,강보규 대한면역학회 2016 Immune Network Vol.16 No.5
A pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus strain was isolated from a pig farm in Korea in December 2009. The strain was propagated in and isolated from both the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line and embryonated eggs. The partial and complete sequences of the strain were identical to those of A/California/04/2009, with >99% sequence similarity in the HA, NA, M, NS, NP, PA, PB1, and PB2 genes. The isolated strain was inactivated and used to prepare a swine influenza vaccine. This trial vaccine, containing the new isolate that has high sequence similarity with the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, resulted in seroconversion in Guinea pigs and piglets. This strain could therefore be a potential vaccine candidate for swine influenza control in commercial farms.
포스트아포칼립스적 민주주의: 영화 Zardoz와 민주주의의 역설
문형준 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.3
This essay tries to examine the relationship between democracy and political control under the regime of democracy by analyzing John Boorman’s post-apocalyptic film Zardoz. Frequently, democracy and political control support each other. Plato in the 5th century BC Athens and Tocqueville in the 19th century America, both the founding theorists of ancient and modern democratic theory, recognize this in their analysis of democracy. Equal condition of democratic society encourages its people to speak up their opinions; voices of people are so influential that they rule all the minority’s opinions. For Plato this leads to the regime of tyranny, while for Tocqueville this brings about the control of spirit by majority rule. The theme of equality that causes the oppression of minority opinions, which could be termed as ‘democratic paradox,’ can be found in Zardoz. In the futuristic world of Zardoz, where the transhuman elite (the Eternals) cut off itself from the brutal masses (the Brutals) by its utopian place, the abundant material life and the perfect democratic culture among the Eternals can only be possible not only by the harsh exploitation of the Brutals but also by the exclusion of the minorities among the Eternals. In general, the post-apocalyptic narrative depicts the future world where most of our present commonsensical beliefs such as democracy and human rights had gone missing. This essay argues that by reading seriously the post-apocalyptic narratives one could view the democratic values not as an everlasting truth but as a historical one that is sure to be changeable in a radically different condition of the dystopian future.
문형준,이현정,최재형,유병대,이정원 대한응급의학회 2013 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.24 No.1
Among members of the public, acupuncture has a reputation for being safe. Since 1965, many case reports of serious or even life-threatening incidents caused by acupuncture have been reported in the literature. A 55 year old male was admitted with complaints of abdominal pain after acupuncture therapy at an oriental medicine hospital. Abdominal Computerized Tomography (CT) scan showed a mass measuring 9.8 cm with active bleeding. Emergency operation was performed. He was diagnosed as ileocecal vein rupture following acupuncture. We report here on a case of an iliocecal vein rupture following acupuncture therapy and we review the relevant literature.
Comparison of the age-related porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) expression using duplex RT-PCR
문형준,김혜권,Seong Jun Park,Chul Seung Lee,Dae Sub Song,Bo Kyu Kang,박봉균 대한수의학회 2009 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.10 No.4
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are members of family Retroviridae, genus Gamma retrovirus, and transmitted by both horizontally and vertically like other endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). PERV was initially described in the 1970s having inserted its gene in the host genome of different pig breeds, and three classes, PERV-A, PERV-B, and PERV-C are known. The therapeutic use of living cells, tissues, and organs from animals called xenotransplantation might relieve the limited supply of allografts in the treatment of organ dysfunction. Because of ethical considerations, compatible organ sizes, and physiology, the pig has been regarded as an alternative source for xenotransplantation. Sensitive duplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocols for simultaneously detecting PERV gag mRNA and porcine glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA in one tube was established. To compare the age-related PERV expression patterns of the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and pancreas in commercial pigs, 20 pigs from four age groups (5 heads each in 10 days-, 40 days-, 70 days-, and 110 days-old, respectively) were used in this study. The expression patterns of PERV were statistically different among age groups in lung, liver, and kidney (ANOVA, p < 0.05). These data may support in the selection of appropriate donor pigs expressing low levels of PERV mRNA.