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Functional group effects on a metal-organic framework catalyst for CO2 cycloaddition
노진미,김영익,박효진,이지현,윤민영,박명환,김영조,김민 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.64 No.-
A variety of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been reported as efficient catalysts for CO2 fixation reactions, such as cycloaddition to cyclic carbonates. The permanent porosity of the frameworks and the Lewis acidity of the MOF metal sites have been considered as the major contributors to the catalytic activity in the cycloaddition of CO2. In this study, we have, instead, focused on the effects of the organic functional groups for effective catalytic ability. A total of eight different functionalized Zr-based MOFs were tested. It was revealed that the non-functionalized pristine UiO-66 MOF (UiO = University of Oslo) showed the best conversion at low temperature (77% at 50 °C), whereas the hydroxy-functionalized UiO-66-OH MOF displayed the best conversion at high temperature (91% at 140 °C). The Zr-MOF could be recycled up to four times without a significant decrease in the reactivity.
황윤영,김영조,정성노,차병헌,최수경,조율희,심성한,황기은,최부영 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.10
Dystrophin 이상에 의한 근이영양증[Dystrophin associated muscular dystrophy, dystrophinopathy]은 X-연관 열성 유전 질환으로 Xp21에 존재하는 dystrophin이라는 유전인자의 돌연변이에 의해 발생된다. Dystrophinopathy는 임상적으로 증상이 심한 Duchenne형 근이영양증[Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD]과 증상이 경미한 Becker형 근이영양증[Becker muscular dystrophy, BMD]으로 구분하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 임상적으로 DMD 및 BMD가 의심되는 환자들을 대상으로 근육생검을 시행하고 그 조직을 이용하여 면역조직화학 염색법과 Western blotting법으로 dystrophinopathy를 확진하였다. 또한 진단된 환자들에 대하여 dystrophin 유전인자의 돌연변이를 검색하였으며, 돌연변이를 찾지 못한 경우에 대하여서는 연관분석법에 의한 산전 진단을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 다음과 같은 순서에 의하여 진단을 시행하는 것이 유용하다는 결과를 얻었다. 1. 임상적으로 DMD가 의심되는 환자의 진단을 위해서는 우선 환자의 말초혈액에서 추출한 DNA로 multiplex PCR을 시행하여 결실이 존재하는가를 검사한다. 결실이 확인되면 확진이 이루어진 것이고 이를 바탕으로 산전 진단을 시행한다. 그러나 보인자 진단은 결실 분석만으로는 정확하지 못하므로 연관분석에 의하 진단한다. 2. 결실이 발견되지 않은 경우에는 근육생검을 시행하여 면역조직화학 염색법이나 Western blotting을 시행한다. Dystrophin이 정상적으로 존재하는 경우에는 dystrophinopathy가 아닌 다른 신경근육 질환에 대하여 검사해보아야 한다. Dystrophin이 전혀 검출되지 않거나 그 양이 감소되어 있거나, 분자량이 작은 단백질이 검출될 때에는 dystrophinopathy로 확진할 수 있으며, 산전 진단이나 보인자 진단은 연관분석을 이용한다. Dystrophin associated muscular dystrophies [dystrophinopathies] range from the severe Duchenne to the milder Becker muscular dystrophy [DMD and BMD]. Mapping and molecular genetic studies indicate that both are the result of mutations in the huge gene that encodes dystrophin. Approximately two-thirds of the mutations in both forms are deletions of one or many exons in the dystrophin gene. This study was performed in order to establish an diagnostic strategy for dystrophinopathy. In this study muscle biopsies were taken from the clinically suspected DMD and BMD patients, and immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting with anti-dystrophin antibodies were applied to the biopsy specimens. Also, the deletion analyses with multiplex PCRs for the 18 deletion prone exons, and linkage analyses for the diagnosis of carrier status and prenatal diagnosis were performed. We suggest that the following diagnostic strategy would be useful for the genetic counseling on dystrophinpathy families. 1. First of all clinically suspected dystrophinopathy patient should be subjected to deletion analysis with multiplex PCRs. If any deletions were found, the confirmatory diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis is possible. But the carrier diagnosis should be made with linkage analysis. 2. In the cases with no deletions, a muscle biopsy should be taken from the patient and protein study with immunohistochemistry or Western blotting should be performed. With normal dystrophin pattern, consider other neuromuscular diseases other than dystrophinopathy. If dystrophin is of reduced or increased size, with or without reduction in the amount of dystrophin, BMD should be suspected. If dystrophin is absent, DMD should be suspected. In this case prenatal and carrier diagnosis should be performed with linkage analysis.