중층적 현실 인식을 위한 소설 감상 교육 - 윤흥길의 「장마」를 중심으로

고정혜 한국국어교육학회 2012 새국어교육 Vol.0 No.93

Novel education needs to show the recognition of multi-reality instead of unify-reality. There is not a objective unify-reality. The reality varies with the subjects and their viewpoint. In other words, the reality is constructed variously. In novel, there are many subjects and many different viewpoints. So there are multi-reality in a story. Novel readers recognize the world through the character’s viewpoint. And novel readers guess writer’s intention. Writer’s intention is revealed by his choice and arrangement of story. The vicarious experience through other’s viewpoint further expand the scope of reader’s thinking. 현실은 모두에게 단일하게 인식되는 객관적 실체가 아니다. 현실은 어떻게 서사화되느냐, 다시 말해 사건들을 어떠한 관점에서 성격 규정하고 어떠한 형식으로 서사화시키느냐에 따라 다른 모습으로 나타난다. 소설 작품을 통해 드러나는 ‘현실’ 역시 인식 주체와 관점에 따라 다르게 나타나며, 그에 따라 한 작품 안에서도 현실의 모습은 중층적이고 복합적인 형태로 나타난다. 독자는 자신의 현실 인식을 잠시 유보시킨 채 등장인물들의 관점에서 소설을 읽어 나가게 되는데 이 때 그들 각자의 관점에 따라 작품 내부에 존재하는 다양한 층위의 현실을 인식하고 체험할 수 있다. 또한 독자는 작품 외부에서 바라보는 조망적 시선을 통해 작가의 현실 인식과 창작 의도를 추정하기도 한다. 작품에 대한 메타 인식적 접근을 통해 내용의 선택과 표현 방식에서 드러나는 작가의 현실 인식을 추정하는 것이다. 소설을 통해 독자는 다양한 관점에서 나타나는 중층적 현실을 인식하고 체험하게 되며, 이를 통해 자신의 경험과 사고의 틀을 뛰어 넘을 수 있게 된다. 따라서 소설의 본질과 가치에 충실한 감상 교육을 위해서는 작품을 통해 독자가 중층적 현실 인식을 체험하고 그를 통해 자기 자신의 현실 인식을 확장시킬 수 있도록 해야 한다.

도시화와 청소년비행

고정혜 이화여자대학교 문리과대학 사회학과 사회학회 1972 社會學硏究 Vol.- No.10

대혜, 몽산, 고봉의 통합적 간화선 수행 요결 - 휴정의 『三家錄』을 중심으로 한 고찰 -

고정혜 한국불교선리연구원 2022 禪文化硏究 Vol.33 No.-

In this thesis, the Ganhwa-seon practice methods of the three houses of Daehye, Mongsan, and Gobong are analyzed and compared through 『Samgarok』, compiled by Cheonghuhhyujeong in the mid-Joseon period. The practice method of Mongsan and Gobong, developed and changed from practice method of Daehye, had detailed explanation of the stages and essential points of the practice. The essential points of Monsan's practice are the true doubt(眞疑心) and the clever and thorough Chamgu(concentrate to see through, 參究). And through this, the key phrase(話頭) naturally appears itself and becomes Mongjung-ilyeo(夢中一如) and Omae-ilyeo(寤寐一如), and subsequently breaks down the ball of doubt and gets sudden enlightenment(頓悟) through the realization of truth(證得). Gobong's Shilchamyogyeol is evoking true doubt(眞疑 心) and having sudden occurrence(頓發) of the mass of doubt(疑情) from Hwadu. As the mass of doubt occurs, Hwadu becomes Taseong Ilpyeon (striking hard and all becoming one, 打成一片), and the process of Hawdu naturallygetting to be held without trying to hold it develops. In this thesis, Mongsan and Gobong's practice method are contemplated, who developed independent practice method based on the practice system of Dahye's Gyeongjeolmoon(徑截 門), and I deduced the integrated Ganhwa-seon practice guidelines by consolidating the practice method of the three houses.

실러의 미적 교육과 소설 교육 -『미학 편지』를 중심으로-

고정혜 ( Jeong-hye Ko ) 청람어문교육학회 2015 청람어문교육 Vol.55 No.-

This study aims to determine the goal and the direction of novel education on the basis of aesthetic education. According to Schiller, aesthetic education is material to recover the totality of humanity. Youth is placed in a paradoxical situation between autonomy and dependence, which is similar to the process Getting the balance between the sensuous instinct and the formal instinct. Youth should depart from the sensuous instinct and free from traditional formal instinct. Therefore novel education should provide to youth ‘The discovery of the world’ and ‘The discovery of format.’ And Youth requires a special experience to overcome the contradictions and absurdities of real. Novel education can provide a different gaze as a special experience.

보조 지눌과 퇴옹 성철의 무심(無心) 비교 연구

고정혜 ( Ko Jeong-hye ),서왕모 ( Seo Wang-mo ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2020 동아시아불교문화 Vol.0 No.44

이 논문은 초기 선종(禪宗)부터 근현대 한국선에 이르기까지 깨달음과 관련된 심법(心法)으로 제시되었던 ‘無心’의 중요성을 고찰하고자 했다. 한국선에서는 보조(普照:1158~1210)와 성철(性徹:1912년~1993년)이 無心을 적극적으로 계승한 선사들이다. 그러므로 이들의 선사상에서 無心을 살펴보고 상통점과 상이점을 고찰하였다. 보조의 선(禪)에서는 『법집별행록절요병입사기(法集別行錄節要幷入私記)』와『간화결의론(看話決疑論)』에서 頓法과 경절문(徑截門)을 전개하는 과정에서 無心이 드러난다. 그리고 성철의 경우에는『선문정로(禪門正路) 』와『백일법문(百日法門) 』에서 수증론이 전개되는 과정에서 無心이 드러난다. ‘無心合道’로 드러나는 보조의 무심과 ‘究竟無心’으로 드러나는 성철의 無心은 수행과정에서 이를 증득하는 깨달음의 단계가 확연히 다를 수 있다. 보조의 경우 정혜쌍수(定慧雙修)의 수행이 無心과 상즉(相卽)하는 ‘공적영지심(空寂靈知心)’이 나타난다. 성철은 삼세육추(三細六麤)의 번뇌와 망념이 완전히 사라지는 궁극적 깨달음에서 증득하는 無心을 강조한다. 두 선사의 無心의 공통점은 첫째, 둘 다 이를 증득하는 선법이 화두를 통한 간화(看話)뿐만 아니라 방(榜)과 할(喝) 등의 선법이 포함된다. 둘째, 두 선사의 無心은 돈오(頓悟)와 상즉하면서 깨달음과 밀접한 관계에 있다. 셋째, 보조의 無心은 공적영지(空寂靈知), 성철의 無心은 상적상조(常寂常照)로 나타내고 있지만 둘 다 ‘고요하고 밝아져서 일체를 두루 알게 되는 경지’로 묘사된다. 즉, 두 선사의 선법에서 無心이 드러나는 ‘悟’의 단계는 상이할 수 있지만 無心을 증득한 경지에서 드러나는 공능(功能)은 일맥상통하다. 본 논은 한국의 禪에서 간화선을 발전시킨 두 선사의 無心을 비교 고찰하면서 禪에서 無心의 중요성과 가치를 새롭게 조명하는 데 의의가 있다. This paper is what lighting the importance of detachment which has being suggested as mind dharma to be continued to enlightenment from the early of Seon oder to modern Seon. In Korean Seon, Bojo and Sengchol accepted detachment with positively. After I compared their detachment, I considered What is different thing? What is same thing? Steps of practice which is based on ‘Daeseunggisinron’(大乘起信論) was set such as Sigak(始覺), Subungak(隨分覺), Sangsagak(相似覺), Gugyenggak (究竟覺) and so I compared their steps which detachment is appered. In Bojo’s Seon, detachment is said when it has been explaining as sudden enlightenment and entrance of Seon skipping the practice steps in ‘Ganwhagyelewiron’ (看話決疑論). In Sengchol’s case, when perpect attainment called Gugyenggak(究竟覺) has been explaining detachment is appered in the books such as ‘The right way of Seon entrance’ (禪門正路) and ‘Ddharma’s talk of one hundred days’(百日法門). Bojo’s detachment is used ‘Detachment conbined with enlightenment’(無心合道) and Sengchol’s detachment is used ‘Detachment conbined with ultimate enlightenment’(究竟 無心) may be different apparently each other. In Bojo’s case detachment is explained as practicing called Jeonghyessangsu(定慧雙修). The mind is regauarded as Gongjeokyoungjisim(空寂靈知心). Sengchol said detachment called ‘Detachment conbined with ultimate enlightenment’(究竟無心). It is appeared when delusion and agony are disappeared fully. Both way of them reaching detachment are with whadu(話頭) in common. Also, both of detachmenents are sudden awakening and closed connected enlightenment. Bojo’s detachment is said Gongjeokyoungji(空寂靈知), Sengchol’s detachment is said Sangjeoksangjo(常寂常照). Both of them are explained the stage in which people can realize all things. So though the stage of enlightenment which detachmenents is appered are different, the ways to reach to it and its efficacy are not different. This paper is relevant to light importance and value of detachmenents in Korean Seon

The Effect of Glucose Fluctuation on Apoptosis and Function of INS-1 Pancreatic Beta Cells

김미경,정혜숙,윤창신,고정혜,전혜정,김태균,권민정,이순희,고경수,이병두,박정현 대한당뇨병학회 2010 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.34 No.1

Background: Blood glucose level continuously fluctuates within a certain range in the human body. In diabetes patients, the extent of such fluctuation is large, despite the strict control of blood glucose. Blood glucose fluctuation has been shown to mediate more adverse effects on vascular endothelial cells and diabetes complications than chronic hyperglycemia, which has been explained as due to oxidative stress. As few previous studies have reported the effects of chronic and intermittent hyperglycemia on the apoptosis and function of pancreatic beta cells, this study reported herein was performed to investigate such effects on these cells. Methods: For chronic hyperglycemia, INS-1 cells were cultured for 5 days with changes of RPMI 1640 medium containing 33 mM glucose every 12 hours. For intermittent hyperglycemia, the medium containing 11 mM glucose was exchanged with the medium containing 33 mM glucose every 12 hours. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay Hoechst staining and cleaved caspase 3. Insulin secretory capacity was assessed, and the expression of Mn-SOD and Bcl-2 was measured by Western blotting. Results: In comparison to the control group, INS-1 cells exposed to chronic hyperglycemia and intermittent hyperglycemia showed an increase in apoptosis. The apoptosis of INS-1 cells exposed to intermittent hyperglycemia increased significantly more than the apoptosis of INS-1 cells exposed to chronic hyperglycemia. In comparison to the control group, the insulin secretory capacity in the two hyperglycemic states was decreased, and more with intermittent hyperglycemia than with chronic hyperglycemia. The expression of Mn-SOD and Bcl-2 increased more with chronic hyperglycemia than with intermittent hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Intermittent hyperglycemia induced a higher degree of apoptosis and decreased the insulin secretory capacity more in pancreatic beta cells than chronic hyperglycemia. This activity may be mediated by the anti-oxidative enzyme Mn-SOD and the anti-apoptotic signal Bcl-2.

The Effects of Glyburide on Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in INS-1 Cells in a Glucolipotoxic Condition

권민정,정혜숙,윤창신,고정혜,전혜정,김태균,이순희,고경수,이병두,김미경,박정현 대한당뇨병학회 2011 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.35 No.5

Background: β-cell death due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been regarded as an important pathogenic component of type 2 diabetes. The possibility has been suggested that sulfonylurea, currently being used as one of the main oral hypoglycemic agents of type 2 diabetes, increases ER stress, which could lead to sulfonylurea failure. The authors of the present study examined ER stress of β-cells in a glucolipotoxic condition using glyburide (GB) in an environment mimicking type 2 diabetes. Methods: Apoptosis was induced by adding various concentrations of GB (0.001 to 200 μM) to a glucolipotoxic condition using 33 mM glucose, and the effects of varied concentrations of palmitate were evaluated via annexin V staining. The markers of ER stress and pro-apoptotic markers were assessed by Western blotting and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the anti-apoptotic markers were evaluated. Results: Addition of any concentration of GB in 150 μM palmitate and 33 mM glucose did not increase apoptosis. The expression of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF-2α) was increased and cleaved caspase 3 was decreased by adding GB to a glucolipotoxic condition. However, other ER stress-associated markers such as Bip-1, X-box binding protein-1, ATF-4 and C/EBP-homologous protein transcription factor and anti-apoptotic markers phosphor-p85 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phosphorylation of Akt did not change significantly. Conclusion: GB did not show further deleterious effects on the degree of apoptosis or ER stress of INS-1 cells in a glucolipotoxic condition. Increased phosphorylation of eIF-2α may attenuate ER stress for adaptation to increased ER protein load.

CaCO₃로 제조한 생물막 담체의 오·하수 처리

안재영,서정목,류제욱,고정혜,류완호,이원묵,이병로 한국공업화학회 2003 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2003 No.1

1P-80 : CaCO₃로 제조한 생물막 담체의 오·하수 처리

안재영,서정목,류제욱,고정혜,류완호,이원묵,이병로 한국공업화학회 2003 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2003 No.-

Sol -gel 법에 의한 TiO2 박막 개발 및 그에 의한 NO 제거 효과

박지혜,이원묵,류완호,고정혜 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.1

유리 표면에 TiO2 막을 형성하여 광 촉매 특성을 최대로 나타내기 위해서는 초기 sol-gel process에서 용액의 조성 개발과 이를 유리 표면에 균일하게 코팅할 수 있는 기술이 필요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 친수성 TiO2 coating 막 제조 공정에 적합한 TiO2 sol을 titanium isopropoxide [Ti(O-nPr)4]를 전구체로 이용하여 합성하였다. 이때, TiO2 - sol 용액은 R(=물/alkoxide), pH, 열처리온도, 반응시간을 고려하여 실험을 수행하였고 이를 DTA, XRD, SEM으로 분석하였다. 또한, dip coating법을 이용하여 이를 유리표면에 코팅시킨 후, 박막 상에서 반응모델 물질인 NO의 광분해반응속도를 측정하였다. 반응물인 생성기체의 분석은 Qurdrupole Mass(Balzer Co,.)를 이용하였고, 코팅된 유리는 SEM(Hitachi Co,. M/N : S-2500), UV-Vis (Shimadzu, UV-2401PC)분광기를 이용하여 물성을 측정하였다.