Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake

( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.

The Effects of Physical Fitness and Satisfaction on According to Different Exercise Method in College Students

( Bog Ja Jeoung ),( Yu Jin Jeong ),( Eun Bin Kim ),( Eun Sol Cho ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose : In previous researches, we learned that exercising promotes physical fitness ,strength and positive change in the physical satisfaction level but reviewing previous researches, there was a limit in our finding as it was based on a singular physical activity or exercise and we could not exactly find out which exercise provided the most physical change and satisfaction level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find out effects of physical fitness and satisfaction according to participate in exercise method(circuit strength, weight bearing program and badminton). Method: Twelve college students participated exercise program(circuit strength program : n=4, weight bearing program : n=4 and badminton : n=4) who measured 20m PACER, push-up, grip strength, sit-up and sit-reach and body composition, and satisfaction which ``Sports Participants Satisfaction Questionnaire`` developed by Yoo et al(2010). The questionnaire covered improving physical function (3), improved exercise capacity (3), promote social and psychological benefits (3), two healthy living (2) which consisted of total of 14 questions with 5 multiple choices. With regard to the body satisfaction level survey, we have used the BSQ: Body Shape Questionnaire developed in 1987 by Cooper, Taylor and Fairvurn. Park, Eun-ah and Noh, Young-kyung was edited the BSQ questionnaire for this research. The body satisfaction level survey consisted of four sub-variables and a total of 27 questions. Result: First, there is a high level of increase overall in physical strength measurement results especially in sit-ups, flexibility, push-ups and cardiovascular endurance. However, there was little difference between the groups in terms stamina changes while we could not compare physical strength changes based on the type of exercise. Second, there was a slight decrease in weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference with regard to physical changes. However, the physical changes between groups were small while there was no physical change based on the type of exercise. In addition, the was no changes in the level of satisfaction based on after and before exercising while there was only slight difference exercise groups. Third, overall satisfaction level showed significant increase among the exercise groups while the health exercise showed the highest level of satisfaction followed by badminton and circuit training. In terms of exercise satisfaction level by category, physical function improvement and improved exercise capacity showed the highest level of increase and there was little difference in the exercise satisfaction level based on the exercise type. Fourth, if we look at the satisfaction level for physical strength change, satisfaction level was high for strength and agility category but showed no changes between exercise groups. Conclusion: This research is the study of the satisfaction level and changes in physical and physical strength based on three different exercises for different exercise groups. Based on the results of the study, exercising regularly helps increase the overall physical level in all exercise groups and the satisfaction level gradually increases. However, there was little difference between the exercise groups and this research was unable to verify the difference based on the exercise groups. Since the research was limited to 12 participants, a follow-up research should be conducted based on an extended level of participants.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

보건소의 노인정 운동프로그램 실시에 따른 노인의 인지지각요인, 건강증진행위 및 생활만족도 비교

김은영,전경자,Kim, Eun-Young,June, Kyung-Ja 한국지역사회간호학회 2000 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was designed to investigate effects on cognitive perception. health promotion activity and life satisfaction of elderly. The participants for this study were 292 in senior citizen's center in S-city. The participants were categorized by two groups. one have taken exercise regularly. at least more than one a week for 6 months, the other have not. The measurement tools were the Perceived Benefit Scale developed by Walker, et al. and translated by Kim. Hee Ja(1994), the Life Satisfaction Index developed by Neugarten. etc. and translated by Lee. Ga Ok(1994) and Self efficacy Scale developed by Kim. Hee Ja (1994). The data were collected by personal interviews. which were taken from January 11 to 16. 1999, and analyzed by SAS 6.12. The major results of this study were as follows 1) Scores of self-efficacy were higher regular exercise group than irregular group. 2) Regular exercise group have taken exercise such as jogging, climbing and the other hands irregular group have not. 3) When the participants were categorized by smoking, other health promotion behavior (weight control. diet), both scores of life satisfaction index were higher smoking group than non-smoking group, other health promotion behavior than non-health promotion behavior. 4) There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of perceived benefit, life satisfaction, From these findings, regular exercise program will be able to provide elderly with opportunity to change positively their lives in cognitive perception. health promotion activity.

하루 콩단백질 25g 섭취를 위한 메뉴작성 및 영양성분 분석

한재숙,김정애,서봉순,이연정,서향순,조연숙,한경필,이신정,오옥희,우경자,조은자,구성자,김수진,李承彦,南出隆久 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop menus for daily intake of 25g soybean protein and to analyse nutrients of these foods. Analytical values were compared to the theoretical one using the food composition table and recommended dietary allowances for Koreans (7th revision). The results are as follows. 1. Soybean curd residue stew, Soybean curd, Kimchi saute, and hard boiled soybean and lotus root were selected for the menu for January, of which the content of soy bean protein(SBP) was 33.1g, soybean stew, soybean curd and soybean sprout saute, and Italian deep fried soybean curd were for February, of which the content of SBP was 35.0g. The content of SBP in soybean paste soup with soybean curd, fried soybean curd and fried soybean curd roll, the menu for March, was 24.9g. That of April were soybean curd gratin with soymilk, soybean curd and ham with garlic dressing and the content of SBP was 26.3g. That of May were soybean porridge, soybean flour cake with honey (Dasik), soybean sprout soup and the content of SBP was 26.7g. That of June were soymilk, pan-fried soybean curd, steamed soybean curd with chicken and the content of SBP was 28.4g. That of July were noodle with soymilk, mapatofu, soybean curd salad and the content of SBP was 24.7g. That of August were soybean sprout with mustard dressing, Tossed green pepper with raw soybean flour, Tofu and Kimchi stew, soybean curd steak and the content of SBP was 26.2g. That of September were Chinese cabbage soup with raw soybean flour, sweet and sour tofu and the content of SBP was 23.2g. That of Oct. were Fermented soybean stew, soybean pan cake and the content of SBP was 24.3g. That of November were not-pressed soybean curd casserole, pan-fried mashed soybean curd with egg, stir frying deep-fried soybean curd with vegetables and the content of SBP was 22.4g. That of December were soybean curd and mushroom casserole, fried soybean curd and vegetables, hard boiled soybean curd and the content of SBP was 28.9g. 2. The ratio of the analytical value over theoretical value (A/B%) of one serving in kcal, carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash and dietary fiber were 57.7~107.7%, 42.9~131.9%, 79.2~118.3%, 54.5~100%, 40.7~80.8% and 42.1~113.2%, respectively. 3. The ratio of A/B% of one serving in Ca, K, Na, P and Fe were 44.1~93.6%, 59.0~153.1%, 53.1~117.7% 64.6%~138.8 and 33.8~77.3%, respectively. That in Fe was the lowest among minerals. 4. The ratio of analytical value over Korean R.D.A(A/C%) in Ca was relatively higher (22.0~85.9%) than that in kcal(18~63%). 5. The ratio of A/C% in Fe was 25.1~64.3% and lower than that in Ca and protein in general.

자기 효능의 개념 분석

서순림,이은남,박송자,양영희,이동숙,최은옥,구미옥,김인자,이인숙,김성재,박영임,이은옥 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1997 간호학 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

Today human needs for health promotion and maintenance are increasing. The nursing progression has a great responsibility for helping clients to practice good health behavior. self efficacy was found to be potent predictor in initiating and maintaining the health-related behavior. Therefore, the concept is important in nursig intervention for change of health behavior. The purpose of this paper was to analyze and clarify the meaning of the concept, self efficacy. This study used Walder & Avant's process of concept analysis. Critical attributes of self efficacy were : 1) positive perception of his won capability; 2) intrapersonal strength; 3) possibility of being learned; 4) individuality; 5) specificity; 6) generalizability. Antecedents of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) new situation occurs; 2) individuals have needs to change the new situation; 3) there are some required actions in new situation. Consequences occurring as a result of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) individual initiates the of failure; 5) cope with the situation; 6) controls the situation; 7) the level of self efficacy is enhanced; 8) the level of self-esteem is enhanced.

만성 간질환에 대한 DDB(Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicaboxylate)의 임상적 효과

이헌영,임의혁,김성걸,김진희,육은주,성자원,김병호,정형용,강대영,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

To investigate the effects of short-term administration of DDB(Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate) for decreasing elevated serum aminotransferase levels in chronic liver diseases, authors applied 3 capsules of DDB per day at each meal time for 35 patients and compared with 35 patients treated with other conservative management. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels significantly decreased from 247.1± 180.0 IU/L of pretreatment level to 96.6±126.0 IU/L, 61.1±62.7 IU/L and 38.0±26.8 IU/L after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment(p<0.05) and effective rates were observed in 60.0%, 71.4% and 88.6% of patients after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. 2. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels decreased also significantly from 167.8±96.9 IU/L of pretreatment levels to 124.4±155.0 IU/L, 77.9±49.6 IU/L, 60.6± 46.9 IU/L after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment(p<0.05), but decreasing pattern of serum AST was less significant than that of serum ALT. 3. No significant difference were observed in the serum ALT and AST changes according to the cause and duration of hepatitis. 4. No significant adverse effects were observed in whole patients treated with DDB. It is suggested that small dose administration of DDB is effective for decreasing serum aminotrans ferase levels in chronic liver disease in which other conservative management was not effective.

중학생의 학교급식에 대한 음식기호도 : 광주,전남지역을 중심으로

김경애,김수자,정난희,전은례 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

A survey on meal preferences from 693 middle school students was conducted with the objective to enhance the quality of the school food service in Gwangju and the Chollanamdo area. Data were collected by questionnaires and analysed with the SAS program. The most preferred rice was cooked rice; the most unusual meal preference was laver rice; and the most-liked bread was sweet red bean jam bun. The noodle of choice was Tchajangmyon, and the most-liked rice cake was seasoned bar rice cake. The highest ranked korean soups were boiled fish paste soup, kimchi stew, and short rib soup. The most preferred fried meal included fried beef with sweet and sour sauce, and favorite side-dishes were seasoning vinegar squid and kimchi. Yogurt and strawberry were the preferred desserts. Agender difference in preferred foods was seen. The males tended to favor rice with blackish bean sauce, dumpling soup, beef bean curd soup, beef soup, short rib soup, beef bone and tripe soup, hot shredded beef soup, chopped roast chicken, pork roast, roast meat, steamed pork short-ribs, fried pork, fried ham, sausage, milk, and yogurt. Males were partial to staple foods and side dishes. The, females favored laver rice, seasoned bar rice cake, bean sprouts soup, fried squid ring, seasoned cucumber, seasoned bean sprouts, fried kimchi, fruits salad, corm salad and citrus fruits. Females tended to choose lighter meals. Meal preference according the residential area showed that, students in Gwangju had more preferences than students in the Chollanamdo area. Classified according the grades. third graders had the greatest meal preference.

지식기반사회의 학교 교육과정 개발을 위한 7차 초등 국어 교과서 분석

김경자,유솔아,유은경 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2001 교육과학연구 Vol.32 No.1

이 연구는 지식기반 사회에서의 학교 교육과정 개발을 위한 선행 연구로서, 국가 수준에서 개발된 7차 초등 국어와 교육과정이 초등 국어 교과서로 '어떻게', '얼마나' 잘 녹아들어 있는가를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다.특히, 학습자 중심 교수-학습의 일환으로, 현 7차 교육과정이 새롭게 시도한 수준별교육과정이 실제 초등 교과서에 어떻게 구현되고 있는가를 살펴보았다.이를 위해 먼저, 국가 고시 교육과정 문서의 교육 목표, 교육 내용, 교육 방법, 교육 평가 부분을 살펴보고, 이에 근거하여 교과서에의 반영 정도를 분석하였다.교과서 분석은 크게 '구성과 제시형식 분석'과 '내용 분석'으로 나뉘고, 내용 분석은 다시 목표, 내용, 방법, 평가로 나뉘어 전개되었다.분석결과, 교육과정 문서상의 목표와 내용은 교과서로 번역되는 과정에서 단편적이고 분절된 활동이나 사례들로 제시되고 있어, 교육과정과 교과서간의 연계성에 더 주의를 기울일 필요가 있음이 드러났다.방법적인 측면에 있어서도 교육과정 문서가 표방한 '자기주도적 학습'에 부합되지 않는 방식으로 교과서가 전개되는 경향이있고, 평가 부분에 대한 반영도 미흡한 것으로 나타났다.또한 7차 교육과정이 의도한 심화ㆍ보충형 수준별 교육과정은 외견상으로 교과서에 반영된 듯 보이나 실질적으로는 개인차를 반영한 것이라고 평가하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Koream Language Arts Textbooks for the 3rd graders developed in accordance with the 7th national curriculum.The analysis was proceeded focused on the following.(1) whether the consistency between the textbooks and the national curriculum exits in terms of goals and objectives, content, learning activities, and evaluation; (2) whether the textbooks are relevantly reflected the idea of the differentiated curriculum newly adopted in the 7th national amended curriculum. The major findings were as follows.(1) The textbooks for speaking/listening, reading, and writing were separately developed.Considering the goals and objectives of the Korean Language Arts curriculum such as creative ability, the relevance of separating the textbooks need to be discussed in the future amendation for the national curriculum.(2) The idea of the differentiated curriculum was reflected on the organization of the textbooks in a superficial way.The idea was reflected in ways of piecing the contents into pieces and have the students repeat the same pieces.

제 16대 대통령선거와 TV뉴스 보도연구

김훈순,최자은 이화여자대학교 2004 사회과학연구논총 Vol.12 No.-

제 16대 대통령선거는 미디어 선거의 경향이 뚜렷했으며 특히 신문보다는 방송의 영향력이 증가했던 선거로 평가된다. 또한 어느 때보다 선거 쟁점이 중요한 변수로 부각되었다. 따라서 주요 선거 쟁점에 대한 텔레비전 방송뉴스의 보도방식은 정치 현실에 참여하는 각 후보는 물론 유권자에게도 중요하였다. 선거 기간에 등장한 주요 쟁점은 정치개혁 ∙ 한미관계 ∙ 대북관계 ∙ 행정수도 이전 등이었다. 텔레비전 뉴스에서 각 쟁점들은 개별 특성과 관계없이 보수 ∙ 개혁 프레임으로 규정되는 경향을 발견하였다. 쟁점에 대한 각 후보자의 입장은 정책에 대한 지지 ∙ 반대보다는 김대중 정부의 정책에 대한 동조 ∙ 비판의 대립구도로 나타났으며 이는 이회창 후보의 보수 성향, 노무현 후보의 개혁 성향과 연관지어 부각되었다. 선거 전 ∙ 후에 방송 3사의 보도는 각 쟁점에 대해 MBC ∙ KBS1이 유사한 입장을 취한 반면, SBS는 보도태도의 변화를 통해 기회주의적인 보도성향을 보였다. SBS는 선거 전에는 이회창 후보의 입장을 지지하여 보수적인 성향을 유지하였으나, 선거 이후에는 타방송사와 마찬가지로 노무현 당선자의 개혁성향을 지지하여 보도태도의 변화를 나타냈다. 그러나 방송 3사 모두 선거 후에는 공통적으로 노무현 당선자와 인수위의 입장을 긍정적으로 평가하여, 새로운 정치 주체에 대해 호의적으로 보도하는 정권교체 초기의 관행적인 보도성향을 보였다. 그러나 분석대상인 네 쟁점의 내용이 다양하고 신정부에 중요한 정책 과제임에도 불구하고, 텔레비전 뉴스에서 구체적인 논의와 해결방안은 제시되지 않고 각 후보자 및 당선자를 중심으로 한 대결 ∙ 갈등 프레임이 일관되게 유지되고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. Television news reflects and constructs political reality, and, furthermore, acts as a primary factor that affects viewer's political cognition. For example, in a president campaign, a voter recognizes the campaign issues and determines one's attitude through television news. Therefore, it is important to investigate how television news interpretate and manipulate campaign issues. It evaluates campaign news and shows the connection between political reality and broadcasting. Frame analysis is used to find out message-structures in campaign issues. The 16th president electron was called 'Media election' and it was shown increased influence of broadcasting rather than that of newspaper. Especially, in this campaign, confrontations among generations had been more focused rather than regional conflicts since the two Presidential candidate were pitted against each other practically. Principal campaign issues were 'Politics Reformation', 'Korea-America Relationship', 'North-Korea Relationship' and 'Administration - Capital Relocation' and these four principal issues of 16th president election were more emphasized in the confrontation of Mr. Roh, Moo-Hyun, and Mr. Lee, Hoi-Chang. At pre-election, the four issues in campaign were framed into two different types: conservation versus reformation. The standpoints of two leading candidates were evaluated as conservation-reformation and as connected support or de-support of the present government. During the campaign period, MBC and KBS-1 revealed the same position, however, SBS revealed another position. AT pre-election SBS preserved conservative position to support Lee's standpoint and de-support of the present government. After election, SBS turned it's a point of view and supported Roh's reformation propensity. So, Attitude of SBS is evaluated opportunism. In sum. all broadcasting station affirmatively evaluated Roh after election. This findings confirm the habitual attitude alternation that was revealed at the early regime. Television news in 16th president election period showed the conflict and confrontation framing like the past election campaign.