韓半島 南部地域 原三國時代 琉璃구슬에 대한 硏究

장효성 경주대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

新羅 古墳을 通한 古代 人口 硏究 : 慶山 林堂 및 大邱 時至 遺蹟을 中心으로

정상수 慶州大學校 2014 국내박사

This thesis is the population and the change within 4C - 6C middle period by Yimdang site and Siji aite in territory of Silla. The population and the change take advantage of tomb. But an estimation of population don't count up to construct grave mound. Because Yimdang site is the Grave mound's tombs, though Siji site is not it.

울산지역 출토 고식연화문수막새에 관한 연구 -울산 중구 반구동유적을 중심으로-

지윤미 경주대학교 일반대학원 2010 국내석사

A Study on Roof-End Tiles with Lotus Design of the Early Excavated in the Ulsan Area - Focused on the relics of Bangu-dong, Jung-gu, Ulsan - Ji, Yun Mi Department of Cultural Assets The Graduate School Gyeongju University (Supervised by Professor Kang Bong Won) (Abstract) This study examined the changing process and period of 278 roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early excavated in the Ulsan area by analyzing their attributes and categorizing them according to types. They were also compared with their counterparts excavated in Gyeongju to estimate their origin. Ulsan's local characteristics were considered to figure out why roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early, which used to be excavated in Shilla Kingdom, were excavated in the Ulsan area. Based on the categories according to types, the attributes of the roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early excavated in the Ulsan area and their accompanying artifacts were taken into consideration to determine three stages. The first stage is as follows: Type I is included in the stage and expresses typical roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early with six-leaf single lotus design and ridges in the middle of each lotus leaf. The second stage is as follows: Type II and III fall under this stage, which saw changes to the lotus leaves and ovaries. The lotus flowers have eight or ten leaves, and the roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early take the typical form. And the third stage is as follows: Type IV corresponds to the stage, which completely differs from the first and second stage. The compound leaf is divided in the middle by the ridge. The roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early of Ulsan were compared with their counterparts of Gyeongju in terms of accompanying artifacts, attributes, and male roof tiles. The comparison results show that the former were made in the early to middle 7th century and went through changes from Stage 1 through Stage 2 to Stage 3. As for the amount of artifacts excavated by the stages, Stage 1 of the early 7th century recorded the biggest amount. It's because all the artifacts were collected from the surface except for the relics in Bangu-dong and Yangsujeong. In addition, the construction of official buildings and Buddhist temples was the most active in the early 7th century with only maintenance efforts added since the construction until the unification. There are many dongbeomwas among the roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early excavated in Gyeongju, and it's the same with the roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early among the relics of Ulsan. The result suggests a possibility that they were manufaetured in Gyeongju and distributed to the city and Ulsan. In other words, the roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early excavated in Ulsan were the supply of Gyeongju roof tiles. Literatures and archeological data were examined to figure out why roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early were excavated in Ulsan. Adjacent to Gyeongju, the capital of Shilla, Ulsan played a very important role in the country evolving into an ancient kingdom. An outer port of Shilla, it was the gate to its exchanges and foreign diplomacy. As a result, Ulsan started its construction of official buildings and Buddhist temples early and developed the industry of roof tiles. Since the study is limited to the roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early excavated from the Bangu-dong relics, the results may contain a leap in logic. Another limitation is that it didn't investigate the artifacts excavated in the rest of the Ulsan area. Full-scale researches on Ulsan's roof tiles have not started yet, which means that new data can lead to revisions to the study. The significance of the study lies in that it reviewed and sorted out the roof-end tiles with lotus design of the early excavated in the Ulsan area. The results will hopefully make a contribution to the researches on Ulsan's roof tiles.

신라 문양전 연구 : 경주지역을 중심으로

김수희 경주대학교 일반대학원 2010 국내석사

A Study on Silla Design Brick - Centering on Gyeongju Region - Kim, Su - Hee Department of Resources Studies The Graduate School Gyeongju University (Supervised by Professor kang, bong won) (Abstract) Our country's brick was manufactured and used mainly from three kingdoms period, by being influenced and transmitted according to installation of China's Hansagun. Through the period of Guknae castle in Goguryeo and the period of Hanseong in Baekje, the brick in the early days can be examined. What the brick came to enter the Korean peninsula for the first time can be said to be around 2nd~1st century when Hansagun was installed. Along with the spreading in the manufacturing technique of roof-end tile, it brought about a big change in our country's architectural culture and residential life. The manufacturing technique in brick and the method of stamping design in three kingdoms period were progressed with similar stage to Korea's traditional roof-end tile. It was confirmed to be consistent in several aspects. The technique at that time can be presumed through the excavated relics. With entering the unified Silla period, the colorfully brick culture comes to be blossomed by absorbing the manufacturing technique of brick in Goguryeo and Baekje. The purpose of this study is to re-explore its value and to examine about the process of a change in design brick, which is estimated to be pavement brick, by researching into brick, which had been used as the architectural sub-material along with roof-end tile in building architecture from the old times. Especially through a research on Simun(施文:carving design) technique in design brick, which was excavated in Gyeongju, it analyzed and inquired into each attribute, thereby having been able to obtain the following decisions. First, a fact that the design brick was manufactured and used even in Silla region during three kingdoms period was proved by the excavated relic. Second, a method of stamping the upper design of the excavated brick in Gyeongju can be divided largely into the mould for roof-end tile and the mould for brick. The mould for roof-end tile had been used from three kingdoms period up to unified Silla period. The mould for brick is estimated to have been used from the late 7th century when the brick had been manufactured and started to be used in earnest due to building Silla's royal capital and temple. Third, the design, which had been prevailed the most in the design material during ancient Silla period, is lotus design. The floral medallian is carved design as the material that had not been seen in ancient Silla period when is the previous period, along with the use of the mould for brick from the unified Silla period. The brick of floral medallian can be seen to be characteristic that is indicated in the design brick of the unified Silla period. The Simun(施文:carving design) technique in ancient design brick has very close relationship with Simun technique in Korea's traditional roof-end tile. Owing to the use of mould for brick in the unified Silla period, the design brick comes to be independently developed in light of design.

통일신라 왕릉의 호석구조와 피장자 연구

이은경 慶州大學校 2018 국내석사

新羅 土偶 硏究 : 現況과 變遷을 中心으로

손명순 慶州大學校 2017 국내석사

This study is focused on Silla clay figurines excavated from the stone lined tombs in and in the vicinity of Hwangnam-dong, Gyeongju, Korea. A total of 451 clay figurines discovered from 40 sites were examined in terms of the types and their changes over time from the perspectives of the time period and site function. Silla clay figurines are divided into two different categories: before and after the 7th century. The clay figurines from the middle of the 5th to the 6th centuries were about 5cm tall, and attached to the earthenware in their form. In the case of human figures, particular parts of the body were exaggerated or omitted. In the mean time, singing, dancing and other entertaining gestures of human activities were noticeable. Animal figures were made up of various species such as mammals, fishes, birds and crustaceans. No figurine was discovered from the high-mounded royal tombs of Silla. The majority of them were collected mainly from the small or medium sized stone-compiled wooden chamber tombs and the stone lined tombs. Those figurines of the earlier times found to date seem the representation of human life, containing the expressions of human emotions of joy, anger, sorrow and happiness. Especially, the expression of the scene of funeral ceremony can be interpreted as a desire to comfort the soul of the dead, and to pray for reincarnation or for an eternal life in the afterlife. Since the 7th century, many changes seem to have appeared in Silla clay figurines in term of the types, the production techniques, the purpose of use and so on. The independent type of human figurines taller than 10cm emphasizing specific parts of the body disappeared, but they changed into the human form which showed courteous manners with the hands clasped in the front. The animal figurines of fish and crustacean disappeared, but the horseback riding figurines and horse-shaped figurines increased in number. The manufacturing techniques also changed into the hollow form in order to prevent figurines from cracking during the firing process. It is noted that the Old Silla clay figurines have strong characteristics of the burial accessories, which were for shamanistic purpose or primitive prayer for the eternal life of the dead. However, from the 7th century onwards, they have changed and seem to have various characteristics. First, burial mound figures in this time period appear to have functioned substitutes for the sacrificial burials to serve the dead. Second, the horseback riding figurines and horse-shaped figurines found from the dwelling sites are assumed to be used for rituals ceremonies. Third, the early form of the attached to the earthenware type is not completely discontinued, but they have been produced for the symbolic expression of Buddhism. Lastly, due to introduction and prevalence of Buddhism, the clay figurines seem to be transformed and developed into burial urns. The changes in the clay figurines since the 7th century are interpreted as related to the reduction of tombs in scale and the simplification of funeral ceremony according to Buddhist beliefs. In particular, the construction of the horizontal stone chamber, the prevalence of cremation and the appearance of the burial urns seem to be a direct influence of Buddhism. In addition, the changes in Silla clay figurines are also found in the course of the social changes, such as the development of earthenware production technique, the prohibition of sacrificial burials in 502 during King Jijeung reign, and the promulgation of laws by King Beopheung in 520 when the society began to be governed by the ordinances not by the customary laws. 본 논문은 경주 황남동 일대 소형 석곽묘 등에서 다량 출토되어 문화적 특성을 드러낸 신라 토우에 관한 연구이다. 경주지역의 40개 유적에서 출토된 451점의 토우를 정리하여 시대와 유적성격에 따른 토우의 종류와 변화상에 대해서 검토하였다.신라 토우는 시기적으로 7세기를 기준으로 그 이전과 이후로 구분된다. 먼저 5세기 중후반~6세기 대에 제작된 토우는 5㎝ 내외의 크기로서 토기에 부착된 형태이다. 인물 토우의 경우 신체의 특정부위를 과장하고 나머지는 생략하였으며, 가무, 잡기 등의 표현이 두드러진다. 동물 토우는 포유류, 어류, 조류, 갑각류 등 다양한 종류가 제작되었다. 왕릉급 대형무덤의 매장주체부에서는 출토 예가 거의 없고 주로 중․소형의 적석목곽분과 석곽묘에서 출토되었다. 현재까지 출토된 이른 시기 토우는 인간의 일대기를 표현한 것으로, 일상생활중의 희로애락이 담겨있다. 특히, 장례의식 장면을 표현한 것은 사자의 혼을 위로하고 부활을 기원하며, 저승에서도 영생을 기원하는 소망의 표현으로 해석하였다. 7세기 이후 신라 토우의 종류와 형식, 제작기법, 용도 등에 여러 가지 변화가 생긴 것으로 파악하였다. 크기가 10㎝ 이상의 독립형으로, 인물 토우의 경우 신체의 특정부위를 강조하였던 형식은 사라지고 양손을 모아서 예를 표하는 모습 등으로 변화하였다. 동물 토우의 경우 어류, 갑각류 등은 소멸되었으나 기마인물형 토우와 마형 토우의 양은 증가되었다. 그리고 제작기법에서도 소성 시 터짐 방지를 위해 가운데를 비운 중공(中空) 형태로 변화되었다. 아울러 고신라 토우는 신에 대한 원시적인 기원이나 주술적인 목적을 내포한 무덤부장품으로 매납되었으나 7세기 이후에는 다양한 용도로 변모하였다는 점이 부각된다. 첫째, 순장대용품으로 피장자에 대한 시봉자의 개념인 토용으로 변화되었다. 둘째, 생활유적에서 출토된 기마인물형 토우와 마형 토우는 제의에 사용된 것으로 추정된다. 셋째, 토기에 부착되었던 초기형식이 완전히 단절되지 않고 불교의 상징적 표현으로 제작된 것으로 보인다. 마지막으로, 불교의 도입과 성행으로 골호로 변화 발전하였던 것으로 추정된다. 7세기 이후 토우의 이러한 변화요인은 불교 신봉에 따른 무덤의 축소와 장례문화의 간소화와 관련이 있는 것으로 해석하였다. 특히, 횡혈식석실분의 축조와 화장제도의 보편화에 따른 골호의 등장이 불교의 직접적인 영향이었을 것으로 추정된다. 아울러 토기 제작기술의 발달과 지증왕의 순장금지(502년), 법흥왕의 율령반포(520) 등 관습법에 따른 사회가 아닌 법령의 규제를 받는 사회로 변모하는 과정에서 토우도 변화된것으로 보았다.

남한지역 통일신라말˜고려시대 扁甁?扁壺 硏究 : 기능과 編年을 中心으로

이윤경 경주대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

조선시대 진주성 외성과 진주목 관아지의 위치 비정 : 역사 및 고고학적 검토

박세원 경주대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

Jinju Castle, designated as Historical Site No. 118 located in Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do is the center of the administration, military and traffic of Gyeongnam with the memories of battles won and battles lost during JapaneseInvasion of Korea in 1952. There are lots of differences between the present and the past of Jinju Castle. In the late period of Joseon Dynasty, the background of this study, it was divided and operated the government office of Byeongyeongseong(military headquarters) and inner castle and outer castle of Jinju Castle. The government office and outer castle were all destroyed due to the order to evacuating Eupseong (town fortress: castle and wall) and urban development during the Japanese Colonial Period and only the inner castle and some buildings were restored as the part of Jinju Castle reorganization in 1970s, so it is used as the tourist attraction of Jinju Castle as we know.The writer participated in the excavation of Jinju Castle, and convinced that the foundations of outer rampart in the late period of Joseon Dynasty are remained in good condition under the ground of the original downtown. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to inform the original appearance of Jinju Castle by recognizing the original appearance of Jinju Castle by comprehending the correct location such as outer rampart and roads of the government office site etc of Jinju. As for the study method, it was comprehended the original appearance of the government office site and outer castle of Jinju Castle with the material such as excavation cases, pictures during Japanese Colonial Period, and the original map of cadastre of land made in 1912, literatures by focusing on the map of Jinju Castle drawn in the late period of Joseon Dynasty. The specific examinations of historical records to draw conclusions are as following. 1. The location of the government office site and outer castle drawn on the map of Jinju Castle was comprehended. 2. The general materials of the Jinju Castle were comprehended by collecting the records such as materials. 3. The facilities comprehended from the map of Jinju Castle were marked on the original map of cadastre of land. 4. The marked original map of cadastre of land was overlapped on the present map of cadastre of land to the same scale. 5. The facilities related to Jinju Castle were remarked on the overlapped present map of cadastre of land. 6. It was reconfirmed with the materials such as related facilities, excavation cases and pictures during the Japanese Colonial Period etc on the marked map of cadastre of land. 7. The numbers of land lot on the map of cadastre of land were comprehended and the correct locations were marked on the satellite picture. This study method confirmed the results as following: ① The moat of Dongjangdae (the command post of commander located in the east) of Munji(the gate) of outer rampart of Jinju Castle, ② the government facilities of Jinju Castle, and ③ the road network system f Jinju Castle. It was confirmed that the some parts of the line of outer rampart was same with the direction of present residential space. In addition, the location and direction of the road in the past were confirmed in some degree according to the study results although all the roads were destroyed in the city of Jinju at that time and nothing left. As the results according to the above-mentioned study, the purpose of this study was fulfilled. It is hard to mention to reveal all of the entire picture of Jinju Castle which was the center of administration, military and traffic of the southern area of Gyeongsang-do in the late period of Joseon Dynasty with such as small quantity historical records of excavation, the original map of cadastre of land and the map of Jinju Castle. However, it is expected that this study would help the study on Eupseong and government office in the late period of Joseon Dynasty as well as maintenance of restoration of Jinju Castle in the future.

感恩寺 建築特性에 관한 硏究

남시진 慶州大學校 大學院 2009 국내박사

A study on the characteristics of Gameunsa temple Nam, Si Jin Ph. D. Dissertation Department of Cultural Properties Studies The Graduate School Gyeongju University Supervised by Professor Kang, Bong Won (Abstract) Architectural characteristics of Gameunsa temple expressed in the idea of establishment as temple for defense of fatherland showed the presentation of power of spirit and quickening of architectural characteristics of United-Silla. Bunhwangsa temple had changed Goguryeo style to Silla style that one pagoda and three main halls were placed as like '品' and Hwangryongsa temple had arranged three main halls in a row. In United-Silla the layout of temple with two pagodas and the layout with two areas as like Gosunsa temple were appeared. The temple style with two pagodas was the unique style that had not been able to be seen in Silla period. The idea that before entering the temple it was to be divided with water that this world and the holy precincts was applied to building the temple strongly. These can be seen by the many historic documents and historic sites. The Gameunsa temple stone pagoda showed the factors with adaptation from wooden pagoda. So the beginning of stone pagoda of Silla had could be seen in wooden pagoda, too. We also can see from developmemt process in which the size of stone pagoda and members from stone pagoda at Mireuksaji temple site through that of Jungrimsaji temple site to the pagoda at Gameunsaji temple site. So the previous theory that the beginning of stone pagoda had been made after the model of brick pagoda would be needed reconsideration. And in case of wooden pagoda it should be regarded as advanced technique the method that the base stone of center column placed under ground had been developed to the method that it placed on the ground. In early Silla it had been used of footing digged-heaped up the soil, but in the united Silla it was used that linked or separated footing digged-heaped up the stones which could be shortened the labor and time of construction than the former method which should be put the great labor. In the united Silla they displayed their accumulated architectural technique to the full and it was appeared that supported member being one rectangular step under wall stone and extended part under cover stone. The previous rough stone stylobate was changed to the light and soft ornament through prominence and depression and we can see it in Sacheonwangsa themple and Gameunsa temple. Also by the technique let in wall stone the stylobate could contained much more light and soft effect. These can be said the characteristics of united Silla architecture. It was not used the method that supported column between the wall stones yet in Gameunsa temple, by using it the prominence and depression had ornamental effects more cts more. This lightnnce getting out of roughnnce can be regarded as unique techniquessupported in stone architecture. Later this warouet to the structural stylobate in united Silla architecture, The rectangular basestone of early Silla architecture was changed to the ornamental basestone being two steps with arc and angle on the circular surface for the column. It had been set in the characteristics of united Silla architecture so that it was been highed up of the buildings, Architecture of Silla had modeled on that of Baekje and it was been developed to have the peculiar aspects in the united Silla. Owing to the stone architectural techniques of Silla they could made the dabotap stone pagoda. It assumed that techniques using stone nail in the embankment and coupling irons in linkage between sones were realized from the united Silla period. Also it can be regarded as the stone architectural characteristics of Gameunsa temple and what is more that of the united Silla that the structural reinforcement by using coupling irons with supported column in stone pagoda positively.

新羅 東宮創建瓦塼 硏究

조성윤 慶州大學校 2014 국내박사

This study is concerned with roof tiles and bricks used during the construction period of the Donggung Palace, when Silla people made the most significant accomplishment with roof tiles. The Donggung Palace and Wolji(月池) pond are parts of the palace constructed in the 19th year of the King Munmu(文武)(A.D. 679). When this site was excavated, various roof tiles which are believed to have been manufactured in different periods of the Silla kingdom were discovered.