청소년 호칭의 역사에 관한 연구 - 청소년 호칭 유형과 의미 변화를 중심으로 -

최윤진 한국청소년학회 2008 청소년학연구 Vol.15 No.7

The purpose of this study is to find out a proper term for young people in this post modern period by reviewing different approaches of scholarly works and changing historical perspectives on youth. Historically, there has been many terms for young people such as adolescence, youth, puberty, teenager and etc. Biological- psychologists, taking developmental perspective, regard 'adolescence' and 'puberty' as a stage in development unique to humans, the function of which is the preparation for adulthood. However, advocates who takes new socio-cultural perspectives of young people came to strongly question the developmental model of adolescence, and suggested that there is no single and universal experience or understanding of young people. The terms 'youth' and 'teenager' are more closely related to this socio-cultural perspectives. The largely agrarian world of pre-industrial society kept young people in a condition of semi-dependence. In this period, the term youth was more pervasively applied to people in this semi-dependent condition. The semidependence that previously had characterized 'youth' in the pre-industrial society gave away to even more depencence that characterized 'adolescence' in industrial society. In conclusion, in the twenty-first century, developmental models of 'adolescence' which have viewed as a stage of life characterized by dependency bring into question whether or not the historical concept has as much as uniformity as some experts implied it had in the twentieth century. Therefore, we need a new conceptual model for young people, which illustrates changing attitudes toward young people. 본 연구에서는 청소년 호칭의 유형과 의미 변화에 대한 분석을 통해서 청소년 및 청소년기에 대한 관점이 역사적으로 어떻게 변해왔는지 알아보고, 현 시대 청소년 호칭의 적합성을 진단해 보는데 주요 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 학문적 접근 방식 및 시대변화에 따른 청소년 호칭의 변화와 차이를 문헌 분석을 통해서 알아보았다. 주요 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 청소년을 지칭하는 여러 호칭 중에서 현시대까지 전 세계적으로 통용되는 대표적인 호칭들은 청소년(adolscence, youth), 사춘기(puberty), 십대(teenager)등을 들 수 있는데, 학문적 접근 방식과 관련해서는 청소년(adolescence)과 사춘기(puberty)의 개념이 주로 심리, 생리, 발달론의 학문 영역에서 창출되고 통용된 개념인데 반해서, 청소년(youth), 십대(teenager)의 개념은 사회문화론 등 사회적으로 규정되어지는 역할, 지위, 문화양상의 특징과 연계되어 출현하고 발전되어온 호칭들임을 알 수 있다. 또한 시대별 청소년 호칭 변화와 관련해서는 전산업사회에는 반자립적 시기의 의미를 지닌 youth의 개념이 근대산업사회에 들어와 완전 의존적 시기로 변하면서 adolescence의 개념으로 변해왔음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 주요결과에 근거해서 청소년 호칭은 시대상황에 따라 변해왔으며 오늘날 통용되는 청소년(adolescence)의 개념은 사회적 의존성 및 발달론 적 관점에 근거한 근대산업사회의 산물이며, 현시대 후기 산업사회에서의 청소년의 삶과 사회적 역할 등에 비추어 볼 때, 청소년을 지칭하는 호칭으로서의 한계를 보여주고 있으며, 따라서 현시대에 걸 맞는 새로운 호칭의 정립이 필요함을 시사해주고 있다.

박지리 청소년 소설에 나타난 ‘악’의 양상 연구

김현정 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.4

A Study on the Patterns of Evil in Park Ji-ri’s AdolescentNovel Focused on “Darwin Young’s Origins of Evil”Hyunjung Kim Abstract: Korean adolescent literature contains the intention of adults and has an educational character, and has tended to flow to materialism without effectively revealing the subject. “Darwin Young’s Origins of Evil” is deflected from the limitations of these adolescent novel. Park Ji-ri points out the evil associated with human existence in serious language, but does not seek sensuous fun or derive the end of growth. In this regard, this paper selected Park Ji-ri’s “Darwin Young’s Origins of Evil” as a text and studied the aspect of evil through her work. This paper analyzed the aspect of evil by dividing it into two axes. One axis analyzed how evil has evolved over the three generations of Runner, Nice, and Darwin, and the other analyzed the absence of a sense of atonement that appeared over the three generations. Darwin, the main character, and his blood relatives intentionally commit crimes, do not reach reflection, and are incorporated into evil and show off their growth. The analysis of “Darwin Young’s Origins of Evil” will be meaningful at the point where it makes us wonder where the seeds of evil hidden in stable society and homes were planted. Key Words: Adolescent Novel, Evil, Patterns, Darwin Young, Society 박지리 청소년 소설에 나타난 ‘악’의 양상 연구김 현 정* 연구 목적: 이 연구는 한국 청소년 문학에서 깊이 있게 다루지 못했던 악을 다윈영의 악의 기원 에서 첨예하게 다뤘음을 발견하고 작품 속 악의 양상 연구를 목적으로 삼았다. 연구 방법: 본고는 악의 양상을 크게 두 축으로 나뉘어 분석했다. 한 축은 러너, 니스, 다윈 3대에 걸쳐 악이 어떤 방식으로 진화해 왔는지 분석하고 한 축은 3대에 걸쳐 나타난 속죄의식의 부재를 분석했다. 연구 내용: 다윈영의 악의 기원 작품을 통해 생존을 위해 살인을 저지른 러너, 명예를 위해 살인을 저지른 니스, 살인을 저지르고도 반성에 이르지 않고 악에 편입됨으로써 자신의 성장을 과시하는 주인공 다윈까지 3대에 걸쳐 진화하는 악의 양상을 연구하고 그들의 속죄의식의 부재에 대해 연구했다. 결론 및 제언: 악을 반성하지 않고 악을 거쳐 어른이 되는 주인공을 통해 안정적인 사회와 가정 속에 숨어 있는 악의 씨앗이 과연 어디에서 심어진 것인지 고민하게 만드는 지점에서 다윈영의 악의 기원 분석은 의의가 있을 것이다. 핵심어: 청소년소설, 악, 양상, 다윈영, 사회 □ 접수일: 2022년 7월 11일, 수정일: 2022년 7월 30일, 게재확정일: 2022년 8월 20일* 중앙대학교 문예창작학과 박사수료(Completion of Doctoral Course, Chung-Ang Univ., Email: langbau@naver.com)

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes in Children, Adolescents, and Young-adults with Hodgkin's Lymphoma: a KPHOG Lymphoma Working-party, Multicenter, Retrospective Study

Lee Jae Min,최정윤,홍경택,강형진,신희영,백희조,국훈,김성구,이재욱,정낙균,조빈,조석구,Kyung Mi Park,Eu Jeen Yang,임영탁,Jin Kyung Suh,강성한,Hyery Kim,고경남,임호준,서종진,Hee Won Cho,주희영,이지원,유건희,성기웅,구홍회,박경덕,하정옥,김민경,한정우,한승민,류철주,심예지,김흥식,도영록,유재원,임연정 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.46

Background: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) constitutes 10%–20% of all malignant lymphomas and has a high cure rate (5-year survival, around 90%). Recently, interest has increased concerning preventing secondary complications (secondary cancer, endocrine disorders) in long-term survivors. We aimed to study the epidemiologic features and therapeutic outcomes of HL in children, adolescents, and young adults in Korea. Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective study of 224 patients aged < 25 years diagnosed with HL at 22 participating institutes in Korea from January 2007 to August 2016. Results: A higher percentage of males was diagnosed at a younger age. Nodular sclerosis histopathological HL subtype was most common, followed by mixed cellularity subtype. Eighty-one (36.2%), 101 (45.1%), and 42 (18.8%) patients were classified into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups, respectively. Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine was the most common protocol (n = 102, 45.5%). Event-free survival rate was 86.0% ± 2.4%, while five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 96.1% ± 1.4%: 98.7% ± 1.3%, 97.7% ± 1.6%, and 86.5% ± 5.6% in the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups, respectively (P = 0.021). Five-year OS was worse in patients with B-symptoms, stage IV disease, high- risk, splenic involvement, extra-nodal lymphoma, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase level. In multivariate analysis, B-symptoms and extra-nodal involvement were prognostic factors for poor OS. Late complications of endocrine disorders and secondary malignancy were observed in 17 and 6 patients, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first study on the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of HL in children, adolescents, and young adults in Korea. Future prospective studies are indicated to develop therapies that minimize treatment toxicity while maximizing cure rates in children, adolescents, and young adults with HL.

저연령 학교 밖 청소년의 진로탐색 프로그램 개발 및 효과성 검증

이동혁,김재은,박종옥,이수연 한국청소년학회 2023 청소년학연구 Vol.30 No.9

본 연구는 저연령(만9-15세) 학교 밖 청소년의 심리, 환경적 특성과 요구에 부합한 진로탐색 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하고 효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 김창대 등(2011)이 제시한 프로그램 개발 모형에 따라 프로그램을 개발하였다. 기획 단계에서는 문헌연구와 포커스그룹 인터뷰(저연령 청소년 12명, 현장전문가 11명) 및 설문조사(저연령 청소년 61명, 현장전문가 96명)를 실시하였다. 기획단계의 결과를 바탕으로 진로적응성 5요인(관심, 통제, 헌신, 호기심, 자신감) 향상을 도모하는 4회기(회기당 2시간) 프로그램을 구성하여 저연령 학교 밖 청소년 13명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과성을 확인하기 위하여 대응표본 t-검정을 실시한 결과 학교 밖 청소년들은 프로그램 참여 후 진로적응성이 유의미하게 향상한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 만족도 분석 결과 본 프로그램이 매우 도움이 되었다고 보고하였을 뿐 아니라, 친구들에게 추천하고 싶은 재미있는 프로그램이라고 하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의 및 시사점을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop a career exploration group counseling program that meets the psychological and environmental characteristics and needs of young(9-15 years old) out-of-school adolescents and to verify its effectiveness. To this end, the program was developed according to the program development model proposed by Kim, Chang-dae, et al.(2011) in the order of program planning, organization, implementation, and evaluation. In the planning stage, a literature review was conducted, and focus group interviews and surveys were conducted with 12 young aged out-of-school adolescents and 11 field experts(61 young youth and 96 field experts). Based on the results of the planning phase, a four-session(2 hours per session) program to improve the five factors of career adaptability(interest, control, commitment, curiosity, and confidence) was designed and implemented for 13 young aged out-of-school adolescents. A paired sample t-test was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the developed program, and the results showed that the youth who didn’t attend a school in this study significantly improved their career adaptability after participating in the program. In addition, the results of the satisfaction analysis showed that the program was very helpful and that it was a fun and moderately difficult program that they would recommend to their friends. Based on these results, the significance and implications of the study are presented.

청소년의 분노에 대한 어머니의 반응 및 친구의 반응과 분노표현방식이 문제행동에 미치는 영향

김나현(Nahyeon Kim),김희화(Heehwa Kim) 인지발달중재학회 2021 인지발달중재학회지 Vol.12 No.4

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 초기 청소년의 분노에 대한 어머니 및 친구의 반응과 청소년의 분노표현방식이 문제행동에 미치는 인과적 영향을 이해함으로써 청소년의 분노조절향상과 문제행동을 예방할 수 있는 어머니 및 친구의 적절한 반응을 제시하는 것이다. 연구방법: 연구대상은 중학교에 재학 중인 중1, 2학년 561명이다. 초기 청소년의 분노에 대한 어머니 및 친구의 반응, 청소년의 분노표현방식, 문제행동 변수는 자기보고식 질문지를 통해 측정되었다. 자료 분석 방법은 신뢰도 계수 Cronbach’ α 산출, pearson 상관분석, 구조모형분석을 실시하였고 SPSS 25.0 버전과 Amos 25.0 버전을 사용하여 분석되었다. 연구결과: 첫째, 초기 청소년의 문제행동은 어머니의 분노거부 반응, 친구의 분노거부 반응, 분노표출, 어머니의 분노지원 반응, 친구의 분노지원 반응, 분노조절 순으로 상관이 있었다. 둘째, 어머니와 친구의 분노지원 반응은 분노조절을 매개하여 문제행동에 간접적 영향을 미쳤다. 어머니와 친구의 분노거부 반응은 분노표출을 매개하여 문제행동에 간접적 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 직접적 영향도 미쳤다. 청소년의 분노조절에는 어머니보다 친구의 분노지원 반응이 더 큰 영향을 미쳤고, 청소년의 문제행동에 대한 직⋅간접의 총효과는 어머니의 분노거부 반응이 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 결론: 청소년의 문제행동을 예방하기 위해서는 어머니와 친구가 분노지원 반응을 함으로써 청소년의 분노 조절을 향상시켜야 하며, 어머니와 친구가 분노거부 반응을 지양함으로써 청소년의 분노표출을 감소시켜야 할 것이다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the causal relationship between reactions of mothers and friends to early adolescents’ anger and the means the adolescents adopt to express anger, and their problematic behaviors. The resulting data is expected to improve anger control and prevent adolescents’ problematic behaviors by suggesting adequate reactions. Methods: A total of 561 young adolescents in 1st and 2nd grades in middle schools participated in the study. Their problematic behaviors, the reactions of mothers and friends to their anger, and the means of their anger expression were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Data analysis methods included Cronbach’s α, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and structural equestion modeling(SEM). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and Amos 25.0. Results: First, young adolescents’ problematic behaviors were correlated with in the order of mothers’ anger rejection, friends’ anger rejection, anger out, mothers’ anger support, friends’ anger support, and anger control. Second, the anger support of mothers and friends showed an indirect effect on problematic behaviors mediated by anger control. In addition, anger rejection of mothers and friends showed both direct and indirect effects on problematic behaviors mediated by anger out. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that mothers and friends need to increase anger support reactions and decrease anger rejection reactions in order to foster young adolescents’ anger control and to reduce anger expressions and problematic behaviors.

청소년기 자기애와 오이디푸스 갈등: 최인훈의 ‘광장’

장재용,하지현 한국정신분석학회 2022 精神分析 (Psychoanalysis) Vol.33 No.1

Adolescence is a period of finding one’s position through separation and individualization from parents during physical and psychological changes, and it is a period of establishing one’s identity, searching for a job, experiencing peer friendship, and deep intimacy with the opposite sex. At this time, there may be a narcissistic reaction to maintain and develop self-esteem, which has been lowered by experiencing the process of separation-individuation from parents. In adolescence, an egocentric tendency to harbor omnipotence, uniqueness, and indestructibility can be prominent. To form a healthy and normal identity and enter adulthood, addressing narcissism and the revisited Oedipus complex is an important psychological task in adolescence. Formation of the superego and ego ideal through competition and conflict with same-sex parents can facilitate the balanced development of narcissism. Additionally, the formation of intimacy with the opposite sex facilitated in reprocessing the Oedipal drive toward the opposite-sex parent and to overcome difficulties in one’s development.

아동·청소년 대상 한국어 능력 평가 개발 연구 -문항 개발 및 적용을 중심으로-

이정희,유선숙,이경,김정숙 이중언어학회 2018 이중언어학 Vol.70 No.-

본 연구에서는 이정회 외(2016)에서 수행된 아동‧청소년 대상 한국어능력평가의 대상 및 등급, 영역 등에 대한 제안을 바탕으로 구체적인 평가 문항을 개발하고, 그 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 국외 아동‧청소년을 대상으로 한 한국어능력 평가는 이들 학습자의 연령적, 인지적, 언어적 발달을 고려해야 하며, 특히 국외라는 응시 환경에서 나타나는 다양한 언어적, 환경적 요인을 반영해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 아동‧청소년 학습자의 한국어 의사소통능력을 측정할 수 있는 숙달도 지향 평가 개발에 목표를 두고, 이들의 발달적 요인과 환경적 특수성을 고려한 평가 문항을 제작하는 데에 초점을 맞추고자 하였다. 이를 위해 평가 문항 개발에 앞서 문헌 연구와 요구 분석을 통해 상세한 출제계획표를 작성하는 한편, 문항 개발, 검토, 수정 등의 단계를 회귀적으로 반복하여 평가 문항의 질을 안정적으로 확보하고자 하였다. 또한 문항 개발 과정에서 현지 교원의 의견을 수렴하고 반영함으로써 평가로서의 타당성과 신뢰성을 높이고자 하였다. This study aims to develop the question items of the test of proficiency in Korean for children and Adolescent learners. There is a lot of difficulty developing the evaluation with which children and adolescents’ Korean proficiency is accurately tested and examined. Particularly, when the test is administered in foreign countries whose social and cultural traits are different from Korea’s, the question items have to be developed considered with the learners’ linguistic and environmental characteristics. In this respect, This study was conducted as follows. First, three stages was repeated as development, review, and correction of test questions, and eventually the evaluation items was developed by section in two levels. Second, a simulation test was conducted with an area and a group of learners with representative characteristics. Third, through statistically analysis of collected data and the way of modification could be drawn. Based on it, this study could map out the improvements on test duration, question types, and difficulty level of the test of proficiency in Korean for the children and adolescent learners abroad. These findings will contribute to paving a ground for the principles and orientation of developing the questions for the test and lead to the stable development of the questions.

2023 Obesity Fact Sheet: Prevalence of Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Adults, Adolescents, and Children in Korea from 2012 to 2021

정수민,정진형,양예슬,김원석,조인영,이유빈,박계영,남가은,한경도,대한비만학회 비만 팩트시트 Taskforce Team 대한비만학회 2024 Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome Vol.33 No.1

Background: The 2023 Obesity Fact Sheet aims to present an updated overview of obesity prevalence across all age groups, including children and adolescents. Methods: This study included individuals aged ≥20 years (n=16,941,423 in 2021) who underwent health checkups provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2012 and 2021. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was standardized by age and sex using data from the 2010 population and housing census. For children and adolescents (6 to 18 years) (n=884 in 2021), we used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012 to 2021), and obesity was defined by the corresponding sex- and age-specific body mass index percentile of 95th or greater based on the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart for Children and Adolescents. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity in 2021 is 38.4% (49.2% in men and 27.8% in women), which is a 1.27-fold increase from 30.2% in 2012. The prevalence of obesity has increased across all age groups, particularly among those aged 20, 30, and 80 years. The prevalence of class III obesity substantially increased from 0.35% (men) and 0.42% (women) in 2012 to 1.21% and 0.97% in 2021, with 3.46- and 2.31-fold increases, respectively. This increase was particularly pronounced in young adults. The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has surged from 9.7% in 2012 to 19.3% in 2021, with a greater increase among boys. Conclusion: Our study provides information on the current status of obesity prevalence based on the 2023 Obesity Fact Sheet, emphasizing the urgency of implementing timely strategies to reverse this increasing trend.

유치와 미성숙 영구치의 치아 외상의 치료

송지수(Ji-Soo Song) 대한치과의사협회 2022 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.60 No.6

Dental traumatic injury is very common in children and adolescent, with the prevalence of 22.7% in primary teeth and 18.1% in 12-year-old children. It compromises esthetics and function, and can affect negatively on oral health-related quality of life in growing children and adolescent. Efforts should be made to restore normal condition and to minimize the psychological impacts of young patients and caregivers while treating dental trauma in emergency situations. Possible damage of permanent successors needs to be considered in primary dentition. For immature permanent teeth, it is necessary to make an effort to preserve the pulp vitality so that continuous root development can take place.

Prevalence of Neoplasms among Former Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients

Santtu Räsänen,Hannu Mäkelä,Pirkko Riipinen,Kaisa Riala,Helinä Hakko 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.8

Objective To examine the association between psychiatric disorders and neoplasms. Methods A follow-up study of a population-based cohort of patients admitted for psychiatric care between the ages 13–17 years. The cases were patients with a follow-up diagnosis of neoplasm. The K-SADS-PL interview was used to assess DSM-IV based psychiatric diagnoses at adolescence. The treatment episodes due to neoplasms and related psychiatric disorders were extracted from the National Health Care Registers. Results Of the original cohort, 6.3% of subjects had a neoplasm diagnosis. Male cases were characterized as taking snuff and females as having a fear of becoming obese. 75% of cases had smoked regularly and 47% suffered from substance misuse disorder already in adolescence. At a mean age of 22 years, the diagnoses of skin or soft tissue neoplasms were prevailing, three being malignant neoplasms of the skin, mouth or colon. Non-psychotic disorders were comorbid both two years before (26%) and after (33%) the neoplasm diagnosis. Conclusion Focus on psychiatric symptoms of patients with neoplasms may enhance their treatment outcome and quality of life.