Difference of Affective Response to Haptic Feedback

Joobong Song,Jihyoun Lim,Wonjoon Kim,Soochan Jee,Noh-Hoon Park,Myung Hwan Yun 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

Recently kansei-engineering approach on various products and feedback has been carried out, affective response on haptic modality also has gained greater attention. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of mode of haptic on affective response. In order to analyze the perception characteristics according to haptic mode, the experiments with jog dial were divided into active <haptic> where the participants were directly involved with controlling devices and into passive <haptic> where the participants remained uninvolved. 9 haptic feedbacks represented by specific sine wave having width, magnitude, detent type, and detent width were provided to users utilizing simulator devices. Six affective variables, perspicuity, smoothness, heaviness, elasticity, liltingness, and satisfaction, were evaluated by 25 subjects. Averages of affective elements in each mode were compared and change pattern according to haptic feedback parameter was investigated through statistical analysis. As a result, perspicuity, heaviness and elasticity were perceived larger when the mode was set to active haptic, while smoothness was perceived larger in passive haptic, and perspicuity and heaviness have shown significant difference according to haptic mode (α<0.05). Experiment result shows that the affective elements related with difference of force are largely evaluated in active haptic than in passive haptic and assessment according to magnitude of stimuli was not consistent in passive haptic. This study shows that haptic stimuli should be larger than intended to provide intended feedback to user under context of virtual reality using passive haptic mode.

공막 봉합고정술에서 단측과 양측 지지부 고정법의 단기적 임상성적 비교

우인호(In Ho Woo),조영욱(Young Wook Cho),장지혜(Ji Hye Jang) 대한안과학회 2016 대한안과학회지 Vol.57 No.5

목적: 공막 봉합고정술에서 두 개의 지지부를 가진 인공수정체의 단측 지지부 고정법과 양측 지지부 고정법의 수술방법의 차이에 따른 단기적 임상 성적을 비교하고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 2007년부터 2014년까지 외상이나, 망막의 문제로 시력호전을 기대할 수 없는 환자를 제외하고 두 개의 지지부를 가진 인공수정체를 사용하여 본원에서 공막 봉합고정술을 시행한 25명 26안을 대상으로 한쪽 지지부만 고정한 수술법(11안)과 양쪽 지지부를 모두 고정한 수술법(15안)을 후향적으로 연구하였으며, 수술 전후 시력, 굴절 오차, 술 전 인공수정체 이탈 정도, 수술 시간 및 술 후 합병증을 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 술 전 인공수정체의 중심 이탈 정도는 단측 고정법을 시행한 군과 양측 고정법을 시행한 군에서 각각 2.73 ± 2.88 mm, 4.59 ± 2.18 mm로 차이가 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으며, 시력, 굴절력 차이가 거의 없었고 통계적 유의성도 없었다. 수술시간은 각각 65.00 ± 22.69분, 93.66 ± 29.54분으로 단측 고정법이 통계적으로 유의하게 짧았다(p=0.020). 술 후 결과에서 두 군 모두 술 전에 비해 나안시력, 최대교정시력은 유의한 상승을 보였고(p<0.01), 술 후 굴절 오차와 술 후 인공수정체 중심 이탈 정도에 대한 값은 차이가 거의 없으며 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 공막 봉합고정술에서 두 가지 수술법을 비교한 결과 수술 후 단기적 임상결과 및 합병증에서 차이가 없었으며, 수술시간이 짧아 환자의 불편을 적게 하는 단측 고정법이 있음을 고려해 볼 수 있다. Purpose: To compare the short-term clinical outcomes of transscleral fixation intraocular lens (IOL) with two haptics or one haptic. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 patients with transscleral fixation of IOL (11 with one-haptic fixation, 15 with two-haptic fixation) except in patients whose visual acuity is not expected to improve due to retinal problems or ocular trauma. We analyzed the manifest refraction, visual acuity, refractive error preoperatively and postoperatively, preoperative IOL decentration, operating time, and postoperative complications. Results: When comparing the two groups preoperatively, the mean lens decentration in the one-haptic group was 2.73 ± 2.88 mm and 4.59 ± 2.18 mm in the two-haptics group. The decentration in the two-haptic group was greater than in the one-haptic group, but not significantly. Visual acuity and refractive power were not significantly different between the groups. The mean operation time (minutes) was 65.00 ± 22.69 and 93.66 ± 29.54 in the one-haptic and two-haptic groups, respectively. The operation time in the one-haptic group was significantly shorter than in the two-haptic group (p = 0.020). When comparing visual acuity preoperatively and postoperatively, both groups showed significant improvement (p < 0.01). However, refractive error and postoperative IOL decentration were similar between the groups. Conclusions: The short-term surgical results of transscleral fixation using the two surgical techniques were not different, one-haptic transscleral fixation was preferred due to shorter operation time and lower patient discomfort.

촉감을 활용한 체험 공간의 구조에 관한 연구

김효선 ( Hyoseon Kim ),이재규 ( Jaegyu Lee ) 한국공간디자인학회 2015 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.10 No.5

(Background and purpose) Non-visual senses have not been noticed more than visual thinking in disciplines. However, non-visual senses should be emphasized as central to human life and communication. Among them, the tactile sense is the primal sense of humans at birth; it is the crucial sense that extends all senses, including vision. Recently, active research regarding the “haptic sense” has been conducted based on tactile experiences. Accordingly, spatial strategies based on experiences that induce direct contact with objects to fulfill various human tastes and needs are prominent. Thus, this study intends to identify and typify haptic experiential spaces. (Method) The first focus of this research was a review of the skin’s characteristics and roles to summarize the concept of the haptic sense, given that haptic perception is typically based on membranes. The next focus was on identifying and classifying three main qualities of the haptic sense based on theoretical investigations and discourses: tactile perception, effective temperature, and visual hapticity. The characters of haptic experiential space were typified into three, and three attributes of each of these were derived; thus, there were nine attributes ultimately identified: touching experience (memory, perception, reaction); temporal experience (past, moment, imagery); and possessive experience (trust, naffection, pleasure). With the analysis model founded on the haptic qualities and types of experiences described above, case studies of exhibition spaces have been conducted since 2000 to examine the complex experiences associated with various media. (Results) By comprehensive investigation, all cases showed complex experiences of two or more of the haptic qualities classified above. It should be noted that higher frequencies of such experiences occurred with effective temperatures and visual hapticity, which are probably less direct qualities of the haptic sense than the tactile experience. The experiences through the former two qualities went beyond simply feeling and judging the textures of objects through direct skin contact toward enabling experiences in virtual space, rather than in the past or present reality. (Conclusions) As the roles of the haptic sense go beyond simple judgments to sensuous thinking and imagination, many experiential spaces that reflect such changes tend to emerge. The advent of various media became an important means for them, playing the crucial role of preparing the experiential field in which humans can interact with space. The significance of this study is in providing the grounds to review the elements and direction of future research on haptic experiential space.

햅틱(haptic) 지각 연구 동향과 조직 및 소비자 심리학 영역으로의 응용: 만지고 접촉하는 것은 조직 및 소비 행동에 어떤 영향을 미치는가?

박인조,이주일 한국산업및조직심리학회 2013 한국심리학회지 산업 및 조직 Vol.26 No.2

Haptic perception is considered as very important for human being since we can perceive the world and feel emotional stability through it, and also it is one of perceptual channels related to interaction with objects daily life. Traditionally, researches about haptic have been performed in the area of perception. However, recently psychologists who study in the field of social, organization, and consumer behavior deal with the haptic. The purpose of this study was that psychologists taking haptic into their study in the future would use like a tutorial, as reviewing the biological foundation, the perceptual mechanism, and the theoretical issue. Also, the present study introduced studies involving haptic in the areas of general psychology so that it would be possible to extend the concept of haptic and apply into other domains of psychology as well as perception. Finally, the propositions with haptic in the field of both organizational consumer behavior were presented for psychologists of organization and consumer psychology who would be interested in haptic. 햅틱(haptic) 지각은 인간이 태어나서 세상을 인식하고 정서적인 안정을 가지는데 중요한 역할을 하며 일상에서 타인이나 사물과 상호작용하는 채널이다. 햅틱과 관련된 연구는 전통적으로 심리학의 지각 영역에서 이루어져 오다가 최근에 사회, 조직, 소비자 심리학과 같은 영역에서 응용되어 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 햅틱의 생물학적 기초, 지각 메카니즘, 이론적인 쟁점을 다룸으로서 햅틱을 응용하여 연구하고자 하는 연구자들에게 지침서가 될 수 있도록 하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 햅틱이 심리학 일반 영역에서 어떤 연구들이 진행되는지 소개함으로서 개념의 확장과 심리학 일반 영역으로 응용의 가능성을 내비췄다. 마지막으로, 조직 및 소비자 심리학 연구 영역에서 햅틱과 관련한 여러 명제들을 제안했다.

혼합현실 내 시청각 단서가 촉감 인지에 미치는 영향

강남규(Namkyoo Kang),하태현(Taehyun Ha),이상원(Sangwon Lee) 대한인간공학회 2019 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Objective: This study examines the effects of visual and auditory cues on haptic illusion in mixed reality environments. Background: Previous studies have suggested that haptic in mixed reality was difficult to implement because it requires special wearable devices to generate haptics. To address this concern, we consider visual and auditory cues in mixed reality and examine its cross cross-modal effects generated by active and passive touches in mixed reality environments. Accordingly, we investigate possible ways of haptic illusion generation in mixed reality. Method: Two experiments with 3 auditory cue levels and 2 visual cue levels were designed to examine their effects on haptic illusion. Forty participants were asked to perform active and passive touch in mixed reality and to report their perception of roughness and stiffness illusion, respectively. Microsoft’s HoloLens was used for designing experimental materials. Results: Haptic illusion generated by active touch was significantly affected by auditory and visual cues. However, haptic illusion generated by passive touch was only significantly affected by auditory cues. Interaction effects for visual and auditory cues are not found for both active and passive touches. Conclusion: This study suggests how visual and auditory cues should be designed to generate haptic illusion for virtual objects in mixed reality (in terms of active and passive touch). Application: Findings of this study can be utilized to design haptic modality based on other sensations in mixed reality.

햅틱 보조 설계 기법에 기반한 의자의 등판 및 좌판의 설계

김영걸(Yongjie Jin),이상덕(Sang-duck Lee),송재복(Jae-Bok Song) 대한기계학회 2010 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.34 No.5

인간 중심 제품의 개발을 위해서는 사용자가 제품을 사용하며 느끼는 사용감이 중요하다. 기존의 제품 개발 방법은 제품의 사용감을 평가하기 위해서 반드시 시제품을 제작하여야 하는 불편함이 있었다. 이러한 제품 개발 과정은 시제품을 햅틱 시뮬레이터로 대체함으로써 단순화할 수 있으며, 이러한 제품개발 방법을 햅틱보조설계기법(Haptic-Aided Design, HAD)라고 한다. 본 논문은 맞춤형 의자의 제작에 효율적으로 사용될 수 있는 새로운 HAD 기법을 제안하였다. 햅틱의자와 직관적인 유저 인터페이스로 구성된 햅틱 시뮬레이터를 개발하였으며, 이를 이용하여 실시간으로 의자의 등판과 좌판의 임피던스를 조절하였다. 시제품을 대신하여 햅틱의자를 사용하여, 설계 초기에 설정된 의자의 등판과 좌판의 강성과 감쇠에 대한 안락감 평가를 실시하였다. 이를 통하여, 제안된 HAD 기법이 맞춤형 의자의 개발에 효율적으로 적용될 수 있고, 다른 제품의 개발에도 확장될 수 있다는 것을 보였다. The feeling that is evoked when products are handled has become increasingly important in the design of products primarily used by humans. In the traditional product design process, prototypes are built several times in order to evaluate the feeling evoked during use. However, these design processes can be optimized by adopting a haptic simulator that can serve as a prototype. The design method based on the use of the haptic simulator is called haptics-aided design (HAD), which is the main subject of this paper. Here, a new HAD method that can be effectively used to design a custom-made chair is proposed. A haptic simulator, which is composed of a haptic chair and an intuitive graphical user interface, was developed. The simulator can adjust the impedance of the backrest and seat pan of a chair in real time. The haptic chair was used instead of real prototypes in order to evaluate the comfort of the initially designed seat pan and backrest on the basis of their stiffness and damping values. It was shown that the HAD method can be effectively used to design a custom-made chair and can be extended to other product design processes.

등판 조절이 가능한 햅틱의자를 이용한 햅틱 보조 설계

허석행,이상덕,송재복 한국로봇학회 2009 로봇학회 논문지 Vol.4 No.3

In modern society, people spend most of their time on various types of chairs. However, it is not easy for a designer to design a comfortable chair because satisfaction with the chair depends not only on the quantitative elements such as size, but also on the qualitative element such as the user’s feeling. To deal with these problems, there have been many studies on designing ergonomic chairs. This paper proposes the haptic-aided design (HAD) system to design an ergonomic chair. Based on the HAD system, the designer can experience whether the chair is comfortable or not through the haptic device, and also can modify the design parameters instantaneously. The haptic chair capable of controlling the design parameters in real time was proposed as a haptic simulator. The controllable parameters, such as seat height, reclining angle, stiffness of the backrest, and so on were selected based on the previous research related to ergonomic chairs. The proposed methodology will help reduce the development cost and time by replacing the process of making the real mock-ups and prototypes with the haptic chair.

수중 복합 센서를 이용한 수중로봇(ROV)의 햅틱 원격제어

이찬일,최창호,문광호,국영민 대한전자공학회 2023 전자공학회논문지 Vol.60 No.1

This paper proposes a haptic teleoperation method for a ROV with multiple underwater sensors. New type of 4-DOF haptic master device is proposed for ROV teloperation and several haptic teleoperation algorithms for increasing the intuitveness of the remote operation of ROV is introduced. Discrete haptic pattern generation method is introduced for providing a clicking feeling to the operator when they are controlling the depth of the ROV and it was experimentally tested. Adaptive haptic feedback method depends on approaching velocity to the obstacle is introduced and also experimentally tested. It is proposed to aptic feedback scheme to intuitively provide a speed difference between the desired speed command and the actual speed of the ROV, and a method to intuitively deliver information to the operator rather than the visual feedback scheme used in the past. The proposed scheme demonstrates the feasibility of teleoperation of haptic feedback schemes to improve teleoperation performance by intuitively communicating information to operators using haptic.

햅틱 제어 기술 동향

류제하(Jeha Ryu),김재하(Jaeha Kim),서창훈(Changhoon Seo),임요안(Yo-An Lim),김종필(Jong-Phil Kim) 대한기계학회 2009 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.33 No.4

Haptics technology allows one to interact with virtual environments, augmented environments, and real environments providing tactual sensory information. Science and technology of haptics can in general be classified into three groups: machine haptics, computer haptics, and human haptics. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art of haptic control technology for virtual environments and teleoperation (real environments) and then proposes possible future research directions in the following areas: haptic stability control, bilateral teleoperation control, and stability enhancement control.

학교 정원, 식물, 환경을 이용한 생태 미술 교육 프로젝트 연구

장용석(Yong Sock Chang) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2015 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.15 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 세 가지 개념, 햅틱(Haptic), 프레리(Freire)의 비평적 교수학, 존 듀이(John Dewey)의 “경험으로서의 예술”을 이용하여 생태미술 교육 프로젝트를 개발, 제시함에 있다. 햅틱(Haptic) 감각은 촉각으로 해석 할 수 있으나, 본 연구에서는 햅틱(Haptic)을 단순히 촉각뿐만 아니라 공간, 움직임 등을 파악할 수 있는 종합적 감각을 의미한다. 이 생태 미술 프로젝트는 햅틱(Haptic) 감각을 이용하여 어린이들이 시감각(visual sense)적 미술에서 더 나아가 직접 사물을 만져보고 공간을 느끼고 탐구하며 자신과 자연과의 관계에 대해 깊이 생각할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 또한 작품의 완성과 결과물 보다는 미술작품의 제작과정에서 미술을 “경험”하고 “느끼는” 미술교육에 중점을 두었다. 그리고 미술작품이 원래 의도와 다르게 만들어지고, 예상과 다르게 진행되더라도 그 대안을 모색하거나 다른 방식을 찾아 그 작품의 의미를 만들어 가는데 목적이있다. 이 생태 미술 교육은 교사에 의한 지식 전달 수업이 아닌 어린이 스스로 문제를 탐구하고, 해결책을 고민하여 자신의 힘으로 지식을 구성하는 과정이다. 이를 통하여 어린이들이 세상에 대해 스스로의 안목을 가지고 적극적으로 참여할 수 있는 기회를 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 생태미술 교육 프로젝트는 학교 정원이나 자연환경을 이용하였다. 따라서 학생들은 학교 안의 자연을 자세히 관찰하고 탐구며, 평소 무심히 지나쳤던 학교안의 생물들에 대해서 깊은 관심을 가질 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이러한 관심이 지역사회에 대한 애정으로 발전하여 지역 사회 발전의 기반이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Children are aware of ecological problems. In fact, when asked recently what the biggest problem is in the world today, almost 50% of children cited ecological problems. This research is conducted to encourage art education as an instrument to address higher concerns about ecological problems and to actively find solutions to the problems suggested. The concept of the haptic?multi-sensory perceptual system (Lee, 2010) in visual culture, Freire’s concept of critical pedagogy, John Dewey’s “art as experience,” and ecology art will be investigated to accomplish the objective of creating an art project in which children can enthusiastically engage. To the children engaged in the project created with the concept listed above, the process will not only elicit a sense of awareness of ecological problems and their solutions, but also a chance to develop social commitment, spiritual growth, and intellectual growth as well. The main purpose of the study provides various ecology art education projects using school gardens, plants, and environments to develop a sense of haptic, critical thinking, caring for the nature, and empathy for others.