정책대상조직의 참여반영성 비교 분석 : 이명박 정부와 박근혜 정부의 공무원연금개혁정책 비교를 중심으로

양승일 ( Yang Seung Il ) 한국행정연구원 2020 韓國行政硏究 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 Freidson의 참여반영성모형을 대폭 수정한 정책대상조직의 참여반영성모형을 조작화한 후, 이를 이명박 정부와 박근혜 정부의 공무원연금개혁정책에 각각 적용하여 정권별로 전공노, 공노총 등 정책대상조직의 참여반영성을 비교 분석하는 데 있다. 분석 결과, 이명박 정부에서는 정책대상조직들이 공대의라는 단일조직으로 1기 제도발전위원회에서는 배제된 채 2기 제도발전위원회에서만 참여하게 되지만 공대의 안에 구성된 전공노, 공노총 등 세부대상조직들이 복수 의견을 내게 되고 결국 2차 개혁안(공노총 주장)을 부분적으로 절충반영시키는 부분참여-부분반영 Ⅱ형을 나타낸 반면, 박근혜 정부에서는 정책대상조직들이 공투본이라는 단일조직으로 모든 기간에 국민대타협기구와 실무기구에 참여하게 되지만 공투본 안에 구성된 전공노, 공노총 등 세부대상 조직들이 복수의견을 내게 되고 결국 실무기구에서 공투본이 제시한 의견(공노총 주장)을 부분적으로 절충반영시키는 참여-부분반영 Ⅱ형을 보인다. 이를 근거로 한 시사점으로는 첫째, 정당성 측면에 있어서 정책대상조직의 참여가 진화론적 과정으로 이어지고 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 정책대상조직은 거시적 총론 측면에서는 결집할 수 있지만 미시적 각론 측면에서는 분산될 수 있다는 점이다. 셋째, 상대적으로 규모가 큰 정책대상조직에 대한 개혁은 당선 이후에 입장을 표명하는 경우가 많다는 것이다. 넷째, 정책대상조직과 야당이 높은 수준으로 연대할 경우 행정부에서 직접적 정책 결정을 추진할 것이 아니라 여당을 통해 대리적 정책 결정을 하는 경우가 많다는 점이다. 다섯째, 단계별로 상호작용의 수준은 다르게 나타날 수 있다는 점 등이다. The purpose of this study is to study participative reflection comparison of policy target organization about government employees pension reform policy of Lee, Myung-bak government and Park, Geun-hye government using participative reflection framework of policy target organization. According to the comparative analysis on the participative reflection of policy target organization, participative reflection of Lee, Myung-bak government appears with partial participation-partial reflection Ⅱ type. Whereas, participative reflection of Park, Geun-hye government appears with participation-partial reflection Ⅱ type. Implications as the basis of the foregoing analysis, in terms of the legitimacy, participation of policy target organization would develop into an evolutionary process. Policy target organization can unify in the macro side, but the microscopic aspects can be distributed. Relatively, reform of large policy target organization is expressed the stance after the election. If policy target organization and opposition party solidarity with high level, instead of promoting the direct decision-making in administration, often a vicarious decision-making through the ruling party. And level of interaction with the participation and reflection step can appear different, etc.

Targeting of poly(<small>l</small>-lysine) to organs that propagate prions

Lee, Hye-Mi,Ryou, Chongsuk SAGE Publications 2014 Journal of bioactive and compatible polymers Vol.29 No.5

<P>Poly(l-lysine) was recently discovered to inhibit prion propagation. To develop poly(l-lysine) as a potential therapeutic for prion diseases, the understanding of in vivo poly(l-lysine) behavior is pivotal. Therefore, to determine the poly(l-lysine) distribution in mouse spleen and brain, the primary and ultimate target organs for prions, we performed non-invasive longitudinal in vivo imaging and time course on live mice and ex vivo imaging on mouse organs to confirmed poly(l-lysine) was distributed, including the brain and spleen. By studying the in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence images, characteristic patterns of poly(l-lysine) accumulation and elimination depending on different administration routes were also found. Although only a portion of the administered poly(l-lysine) appears to target the brain and spleen, the specific poly(l-lysine) level in these organs was higher than that previously reported. Furthermore, the poly(l-lysine) retention in the brain and spleen was greater than that found in other organs. These results provide valuable information about poly(l-lysine) behavior in vivo, which will be an aid in designing optimal regimens for potential application of poly(l-lysine) in anti-prion therapeutics.</P>

조직과 직무차원의 자원이 자긍심을 통해 종업원 몰입에 미치는 영향: 대상유사성 모형(Target Similarity Model)을 중심으로

백승근,신강현,원정선,조중연,이종현 한국산업및조직심리학회 2013 한국심리학회지 산업 및 조직 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of two self-esteem (organization-based self-esteem: OBSE; task-specific self-esteem: TSSE) in predicting two types of employee commitment (job involvement, organizational commitment) based on the framework of Lavelle, McMahan and Harris(2009)’s target similarity model. A sample of 746 south korean employees were participated in this study and data were analyzed by MPLUS 6.12. The main results are as follows. First, the indirect effects reflecting target similarity effect were supported, but another indirect effects which reflect spillover effect between two dimensions was not. Second, the result of comparison between target similarity effect and spillover effect, which has same predictor and criterion but different mediator in each dimensions, was significant in organization domain, but not in job domain. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed.

Genotoxic, biochemical and histological biomarkers of subacute concentrations of paraquat and glyphosate in Nile Tilapia

Oluwatosin Aderinola Aribisala,Temitope Olawunmi Sogbanmu,Kehinde Abike Kemabonta 환경독성보건학회 2022 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.37 No.2

The use of herbicides for increased food production may pose risk to non-target organisms. This study evaluated the acute toxicity, genotoxic, biochemical, and histological biomarkers of subacute concentrations of paraquat and glyphosate in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) for 28 days following standard methods. Glyphosate (96 hLC<SUB>50</SUB> value-1.23 mg/L) was 9x more toxic than paraquat (96 hLC<SUB>50</SUB> value-11.20 mg/L) against O. niloticus. Average micronucleated cells were significantly higher in the erythrocytes of O. niloticus exposed to the higher (1.12 mg/L) concentration of paraquat at day 14, both subacute concentrations of paraquat at day 28, and lower concentration (0.01 mg/L) of glyphosate at days 14 and 28 compared to the other treatments and controls. Biochemical biomarkers (MDA and GST) activities were significantly higher at both subacute concentrations of the herbicides in the exposed fish compared to the controls at day 28 only. GSH activity was significantly higher in the 0.11 mg/L paraquat concentration while SOD activity was significantly lower at both subacute concentrations of glyphosate in exposed fish compared to controls at day 28. Histological alterations observed were mild to severe shortening of the gill primary lamellar and hepatic portal inflammation of exposed fish compared to the controls. This study demonstrates the risk to non-target organisms due to herbicides’ run-off from agricultural farmlands into aquatic ecosystems at environmentally relevant or subacute concentrations. Sensitization on the responsible use of pesticides is recommended to promote responsible consumption and production and sustain life below water (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 12 and 14 respectively).

Two-Level Multi-Pinhole Collimator for SPECT Imaging Using a Small-Field-of-View Gamma Camera

배재근,배승빈,이소영,이기성,김용권,정진헌,김민호,김경민 한국물리학회 2017 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.70 No.2

The aim of this study was to develop a high-throughput imaging method for single-photon emission computed tomography. We developed a target-oriented multi-pinhole collimator and limitedangle method for scanning small organs such as the thyroid. To maximize the resolution and the sensitivity of the collimator, we designed a two-level multi-pinhole collimator whose levels were optimized for concave body contours. One level had a center hole whereas the other had surrounding holes. The limited-angle scanning method was employed to obtain tomographic images by using the collimator located near the body contour of the target, and a corresponding image reconstruction algorithm was implemented. A small-field-of-view gamma camera was used to achieve a smaller footprint. The design of the collimator also considered the dimensions of used gamma camera. Evaluation studies were conducted using the Geant4 application for tomographic emission. The results showed the resolution of the proposed collimator to be more than twice that of the previously designed multi-pinhole collimator while maintaining the same efficiency. Given that the designed collimator can be changed by simply replacing the center hole, the suggested imaging method is suitable for studying not only the thyroid but also any organ whose diameter is less than 90 mm.

연구논문 : 정책대상조직에 의한 복지정책의 유지 분석: 비정규직보호정책을 중심으로

양승일 ( Seung Il Yang ),유홍림 ( Hong Lim Yoo ) 고려대학교 정부학연구소 2010 정부학연구 Vol.16 No.2

2-Methyl-4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl picolinamide의 o-toluidinyl 구조가 AHR 길항저해 활성에 미치는 영향

이효성 한국융합학회 2017 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.8 No.1

AHR(Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, 방향성탄화수소 수용체)은 리간드에 의해 활성화되어 체내 외래물질 의 대사를 조절하는 전사인자다. 생체 내에서 AHR의 생리학적 역할은 오랜 기간 연구되어 왔으나 antagonist를 비롯한 적절한 화학적 도구의 부재로 그 역할 규명이 제한되어 있다. AHR이 암을 비롯한 여러 질병의 발병기전에 관여되어 있다는 것이 밝혀짐에 따라 유효한 약물 표적으로 간주되나 화학적 도구의 부재로 인해 치료용 약물 개발 역시 제한되어 있다. 기존 antagonist 들은 저농도에서는 활성이 있으나 높은 농도에서는 AHR의 활성화를 유도하 는 부분적 antagonist이므로 순수 저해활성을 가지는 신규 antagonist의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 2-methyl-4-(2-methylphenyldiazenyl)phenyl picolinamide의 o-toluidinyl 고리구조의 변경하여 활성을 평가하 는 유기화학과 분자생물학의 융합연구를 통하여 o-toluidinyl 구조를 최적화하였다. AHR is a transcription factor activated by aryl hydrocarbons, regulating the expression of XMEs (xenobiotics Metabolizing Enzymes). Even though the role of AHR in human physiology has been intensively investigated for the past decades, our understandings are still largely limited due to the deficiency of adequate chemical agents. In addition, it has been demonstrated that AHR correlates to pathogeneses for some diseases. Furthermore, emerging data suggest that the study on the AHR may provide a valid therapeutic target. Classical antagonists in current use are reported to be partial agonistic whereas a pure antagonist is demanded. In this study, o-toluidinyl ring structure of 2-methyl-4- (2-methylphenyldiazenyl)phenyl picolinamide has been modified into various structures to optimize the AHR antagonistic activity by means of convergence study of organic synthesis and molecular biology.

ECVAM 등의 국제 독성시험법 국내 확립 및 적용

이진영 ( Jin Young Lee ),강미선 ( Mi Sun Kang ),김지명 ( Ji Myoung Kim ),곽승준 ( Seung Jun Kwack ),한의식 ( Eui Sik Han ),한범석 ( Beom Seok Han ),박순희 ( Sue Nie Park ),강태석 ( Tae Seok Kang ),한순영 ( Soon Young Han ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2010 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Repeated dose toxicity testing in rodents is used to have information on potential target organs in terms of toxicity, and the NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect-level). ECVAM and ICCVAM have not validated any non-animal methods for assessing chronic toxicity endpoints or repreated exposure target organ toxicity because in vivo systems often poorly resemble in vitro cell culture systems. However, recently ECVAM recommended a proposed approach for the assessment of repeated dose toxicity in vitro. We applied ECVAM`s proposal to assess target organ toxicity using liver and kidney cell lines. In order to predict liver and kidney target organ toxicities, we used three kinds of kidney toxicants(HgCl2, CH3HgCl, CdCl2) and two kinds of liver toxicants(acetaminophen, CuCl2) in human hepatoma(HepG2) cells, human renal tubular epithelial(HK-2) cells and human embryonic kidney(HEK293) cells. We performed cytotoxicity assays, mitochondria damage and calcium influx tests to predict target organ toxicity. Cell viability and cell proliferation were assessed by NRU assay and MTT assays, respectively. Mitochondria potential and cell calcium concentration([Ca2+]i) were estimated by a fluorescence microscopy using JC-1 dye and a fluorometer using Fluo-4/AM dye, respectively. The cytotoxicity of nephrotoxicants(HgCl2, CH3HgCl, CdCl2) from the result of NRU and MTT assay was higher in the kidney cells than in the liver cells. Also, the cytotoxicity of hepatotoxicants(acetaminophen, CuCl2) was higher in the liver cells than in the kidney cells. Mitochondria potential and [Ca2+]i show compatability with cytotoxicity results in the kidney cells but not in the liver cells. The results demonstrated that nephrotoxicants can predict target organ toxicity by in vitro tests like NRU, MTT assay, mitochondria potential and [Ca2+]i. However, hepatotoxicants can predict target organ toxicity by cytotoxicity assays like NRU and MTT assays but not by mitochondria potential and [Ca2+]i.

연구논문 : ECVAM 등의 국제 독성시험법 국내 확립 및 적용

이진영 ( Jin Young Lee ),강미선 ( Mi Sun Kang ),김지명 ( Ji Myoung Kim ),곽승준 ( Seung Jun Kwack ),한의식 ( Eui Sik Han ),한범석 ( Beom Seok Han ),박순희 ( Sue Nie Park ),강태석 ( Tae Seok Kang ),한순영 ( Soon Young Han ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2010 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Repeated dose toxicity testing in rodents is used to have information on potential target organs in terms of toxicity, and the NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect-level). ECVAM and ICCVAM have not validated any non-animal methods for assessing chronic toxicity endpoints or repreated exposure target organ toxicity because in vivo systems often poorly resemble in vitro cell culture systems. However, recently ECVAM recommended a proposed approach for the assessment of repeated dose toxicity in vitro. We applied ECVAM`s proposal to assess target organ toxicity using liver and kidney cell lines. In order to predict liver and kidney target organ toxicities, we used three kinds of kidney toxicants(HgCl2, CH3HgCl, CdCl2) and two kinds of liver toxicants(acetaminophen, CuCl2) in human hepatoma(HepG2) cells, human renal tubular epithelial(HK-2) cells and human embryonic kidney(HEK293) cells. We performed cytotoxicity assays, mitochondria damage and calcium influx tests to predict target organ toxicity. Cell viability and cell proliferation were assessed by NRU assay and MTT assays, respectively. Mitochondria potential and cell calcium concentration([Ca2+]i) were estimated by a fluorescence microscopy using JC-1 dye and a fluorometer using Fluo-4/AM dye, respectively. The cytotoxicity of nephrotoxicants(HgCl2, CH3HgCl, CdCl2) from the result of NRU and MTT assay was higher in the kidney cells than in the liver cells. Also, the cytotoxicity of hepatotoxicants(acetaminophen, CuCl2) was higher in the liver cells than in the kidney cells. Mitochondria potential and [Ca2+]i show compatability with cytotoxicity results in the kidney cells but not in the liver cells. The results demonstrated that nephrotoxicants can predict target organ toxicity by in vitro tests like NRU, MTT assay, mitochondria potential and [Ca2+]i. However, hepatotoxicants can predict target organ toxicity by cytotoxicity assays like NRU and MTT assays but not by mitochondria potential and [Ca2+]i.

고혈압 환자의 혈압 일중변동 양상과 관련된 장기장애

최창균(Chang Keun Choi),윤광식(Kwang Sik Yoon),이승복(Seung Bock Lee),정안철(An Chul Jeong),안병진(Byung Jun Ahn),문도호(Do Ho Moon),도승경(Sung Kyoung Doh),곽현진(Hyun Jun Kwak),김용훈(Yong Hoon Kim),이홍순(Hong Soon Lee),유수웅(Soo 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.55 No.1

N/A Objective : Pattern with essential hypertension g ally shows the same circadian pattern as the normothensive person with a night-time reduction or DIP in blood pressure in sleep. The definition of Dipper and Non-dipper are assigned according to arbitrary criteria e.g. a night time average blood pressure which is at least 10% less than the average daytime blood pressure. Prospective evidence that the absence of an overnight dip is a strong adverse prognostic. indicator for target organ damage .Thus we investigate circardian rhythm of blood pressure, related target organ damage, its frequency & drug in hypertensive subjects. Method: 24hr ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, history taking, physical examination, fundoscopy, ECG, chest X ray, dipstick urinanlysis, serum creatinine level are performed in essential hypertensive subjects. Exclusion criteria are duration of hypertension over 5 years, DM, renovascular hypertension & heart failure. Results : Total 42 patients performed study.17 subjects classify dipper group,25 subjects classify non-dipper group. Between dipper 8c non-dipper group shows no significantly difference at stroke history, C/T ratio over 0.5 in chest X-ray, left ventrcular hypertrophy in ECG,ST-T change in ECG, proteinuria & serum creatinine level. Non-dipper group shows significantly difference to dipper group in frequency of hypertensive retinopathy and number of combined drug used subjects. Conclusion Number of hypertensive retinopathy is significantly frequency in non-dipper group. Hypertensive retinopathy is atherosclerotic complication, thus we predict other target organ damage, therefore non-dipper type circardian rhythm of blood pressure is adverse prognostic factor for target organ damage of hypertensive subjects.