한문과(漢文科) 질문형(質問型) 수행평가(遂行評價)의 운영(運營)과 그 성과(成果)

송영일 ( Young Il Song ) 韓國漢字漢文敎育學會 2009 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.22 No.-

中等學校 漢文은 `2007 개정 한문 과목 교육과정`에서 중학교는 재량선택 교과에, 고등학교는 교양 선택과목 군에 속해 있다. 새 敎育課程에서 漢文이 선택 교과인 점을 고려하여 漢文科 敎育은 교육 수요자의 관심과 요구를 적극 반영해야 하며, 지식 생성력을 배양하는 교육이 될 수 있도록 교육적 역량을 强化해야 한다. 本 硏究는 `漢文科 質問型 遂行評價의 運營과 그 成果`에 대한 現場 硏究物로써, 제1, 2차 년도의 設問調査 結果를 中心으로 요약·정리해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 效果的인 授業 活動을 가능케 하였다. 敎授·學習 活動 中 유창성과 융통성, 비지시성, 명확성, 효율적 의사소통 면에서 교육적 성과를 낳았다. 둘째, 學習動機와 興味 誘發에 효과적이었다. 학습내용 면에서는 지식·이해와 문제해결력 등에, 학습태도 면에서는 학습자의 동기와 흥미 유발에 敎育的 效果가 높았다. 셋째, 遂行評價의 役割을 强化하였다. 旣存 漢文科 遂行評價는 대부분 한자쓰기와 수업태도 등에 비중을 두고 운영한 사례가 많았다. 본 연구에서는 질문기술 개발과 다양한 질문유형 등을 활용하여 학습자의 능동적 수업 참여와 흥미도를 높여 수행평가의 역할을 强化하였다. 漢文科 敎育에서 質問 授業은 敎科 敎育의 立地를 더욱 견고히 해 줄 수 있으며, 授業의 質을 한 차원 끌어올릴 수 있는 原動力이 되어 줄 것이다. 특히 漢文科 質問型 遂行評價는 교수·학습 방법과 수행평가에 대한 竝行 硏究로, 第7次 改正 敎育課程期 수요자 중심 교육에 순응하고 학습자의 흥미와 호기심을 자극하여 교수·학습의 효과를 倍加시킬 수 있는 최적의 授業 模型 硏究라는 점에서 그 意義는 매우 크다. The question-answer type of performance evaluation of Sino-Korean subject is the combination of question-answer classes and performance evaluation, and is the synthetic observation and evaluation of the responses and thinking process of learners, such as understanding, problem-solving capability, and creativity of the Sino-Korean classes of learners. It was progressed in the order of the whole rangle of planning and application, and input and operation of the question-answer type of performance evaluation of Sino-Korean subject. Based on the analysis of the questionnaires, this study aimed to find out the effect and problems, and the strength and weakness in terms of the contents, methods, and evaluation of teaching and learning of the question-answer type of performance evaluation. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, as for the contents, they can be classified into the contents of Sino-Korean subject and Hanja phrases besides the subject. the question-answer type of performance evaluation was implemented, focusing on the phrases besides the subject in 1st year, and on the contents of the subject in the 2nd year. In the result of the questionnaires, the question-answer type of performance evaluation focusing on the phrases showed higher validity and reliability than the contents of the subject. This result shows that the contents of questions and the academic level of learners of that year were not the same as those of the previous year, and when the question-answer type of performance evaluation is conducted only focusing on the phrases, it is required to supplement and have measures as the education course of Sino-Korean subject can be carelessly handled. Second, as for the methods, the question-answer type of performance evaluation was more effective in inducing interest and motivation, attention, the communication between teachers and students, and the improvement of problem-solving capability, compared with other performance evaluation methods. In contrast, there was a relatively lower support in the areas of the understanding of the concept and principle of the contents of the subject, and the creativity, arrangement and integration of learners. It seems that the training of question-suggesting techniques of teachers, and the systemic research of teaching and learning method can supply the good clues of solving problems. Third, as for evaluation, the performance evaluation of Sino-Korean subject was mostly made up of the evaluation of writing, attitude, short-query, and portfolio, and the question-answer type of performance evaluation similar to this study was not almost implemented. Seeing the result of the questionnaires of 1st, 2nd year on the question-answer performance evaluation, 92.01% of learners answered that it was more effective, compared with other performance evaluation methods, which means that the question-answer type of performance evaluation of Sino-Korean subject is very successful, and the educational availability of the subject in the performance evaluation of Sino-Korean subject will increase in the future. Considering the results of this study, the question-answer type of performance evaluation made Sino-Korean subject class vital by stimulating the curiosity of learners, and made learners have interest and confidence in Sino-Korean classes by raising the degree of attending classes of the learners. And also, it created the chances to review and integrate the contents of the study that the learners learned before, and made the need and academic level of students diagnosed. Especially, by controlling the students effectively, it provided the conditions for us to hold the class, and in that it is possible for teachers to evaluate their classes, there is a meaning of this study. However, as it is easy to have a class focusing on the excellent students, difficult to have consistency and integration of thinking, and question items are exposed according to the time difference of classes, there is a problem that the reliability of evaluation can be dropped. Also, it is not easy to acquire the question-suggesting techniques for proceeding the question-answer type of performance evaluation, and it is required to take complementary measures as the poor operation of the question-answer type of performance evaluation can lower the quality of the class by making the object of subject study unclear, and the education course of Sino-Korean subject can be carelessly handled. With the knowledge-based society of 21C coming on, to make Sino-Korean Subject as a major one which succeeds to and develops our traditional culture and recreates the life and wisdom of ancestors, the position of subject education should be strengthened. Also, to do that, it is necessary for us to seek the improvement in quality of Sino-Korean education through the deepened research and spread of the various evaluation models, such as this kind of the question-answer type of performance evaluation.

노채(勞瘵)와 조선통신사 의학교류 - 의학문답 기록을 중심으로 -

함정식 조선통신사학회 2021 조선통신사연구 Vol.31 No.-

역병 유행 시기에 조선 의가는 조선통신사의 일원으로 에도[江 戶]를 방문하여 의학교류를 통해 전염병 질환, 특히 노채 증상 극 복을 위해 협력했다. 특히 일본 의사는 교류를 하며 노채에 대한 지식도 얻고 그것을 바탕으로 더 나은 대책을 마련할 수 있었다. 일본 역병 분야 발전 과정 중에 조선통신사의 의학교류가 학술 적․임상적 발전에 기여했다고 본다. 의학문답에서 일본 의사는 전염성 질환 노채에 대해 반복적으로 물었다. 노채는 18세기 모든 사행의 의학문답에 한 번도 거르지 않은 주제였으며, 계미사행까 지 관심이 줄지 않았다. 신묘사행 때의 노채에 대한 의학문답은 후대(後代) 사행에서 자주 거론되는 전형이 되었다. 당시 기두문의 설명은 간략했고 기해사행 당시 권도의 답변은 상대적으로 발전된 모습을 보였다. 권도의 답변만으로 온전한 평가를 내리기 어렵지 만, 적어도 기해사행의 의학교류가 신묘사행 교류에 비해 의가의 수준이 향상되고 성숙되어 가는 양상을 보였다. 무진사행 때는 고 방파가 문답에 참여하기 시작했고, 무진사행부터 15년 후인 계미 사행 시기에 일본 의사의 학문적 경향이 다양해졌다. 이때 의학문 답에 참여한 일본 의사는 이전 사행 때의 노채 관련 기록을 적극 활용했다. 가령, 노채 치료에 요코타 준타[橫田準大]가 최씨사화혈 (崔氏四花穴)을 언급했는데, 무진사행 시 언급했던 니와 세이하쿠 [丹羽正伯]의 영향을 받은 것이다. 전대(前代) 사행의 노채 관련 기록이 후대에 어떻게 활용되는지 알려주는 사례다. 한편, 의학문 답에 참여한 인사가 의사 신분이었다고 간주하는 경향이 있다. 의 학문답이기에 참가자는 의원(醫員) 신분이 당연한 것이라 생각할 수 있으나 현전하는 의학문답 기록을 보면 꼭 그런 것도 아니다. 의사가 아닌 일반 문사가 참여한 경우도 많았고 문사들로만 의학 문답이 진행되기도 했지만, 노채 의학문답에 참여한 사람만큼은 예외 없이 의사들이 참가했다. 노채가 의학 관련 주제 중에서도 고도의 전문성이 필요했던 이유라 생각한다. 끝으로, 노채 의학문 답 기록 중 사본 기록에 오류가 보이는데, 『상한필어(桑韓筆語)』에 는 기본적인 이법방약(理法方藥)에서조차 오류가 발견된다. When an infectious disease was raging, Korean doctors as a member of ‘JoseonTongsinsa(朝鮮通信使)’ delegation visited Edo(江戶). Korean and Japanese doctors tried hard to overcome infectious disease through the medical exchange in ‘JoseonTongsinsa’ delegation. In the course of developing the field of contagious disease in Japan, I think the medical exchange between Korean and Japanese doctors as a part of ‘JoseonTongsinsa’ contribute the success of academic and clinical progress in medical field. ‘Nochae(勞瘵)’ is an infectious disease and similar to tuberculosis. Japanese doctors asked Korean doctors lots of questions on ‘Nochae’ in medical exchange in ‘JoseonTongsinsa’ delegation. To state the obvious, they paid attention to the ‘Nochae’ Restricted to the 18th century, ‘Nochae’ disease was the subject it’s never omitted in ‘medical questions and answers’ between Korean and Japanese doctors every ‘JoseonTongsinsa’ dispatch. I assured Japanese steady interest about ‘Nochae’ disease through this research. The attention concerning ‘Nochae’ disease lasted to the end of the delegation. First of all, the ‘medical questions and answers’ on ‘Nochae’ in Sinmyo(辛卯) envoys served as a role model for other envoys. Because Gidoomoon(奇斗文)’s explanation in ‘medical questions and answers’ in SinMyo envoys on ‘Nochae’ was too short, Gwondo(權道)’s answer in Gihae(己亥) envoys was judged more detail and improvement medically than Gidoomoon’s. Gwondo’s answer in Gihae envoys is also fragmentary, therefore, it is difficult to make a full evaluation. But, at least the medical exchange in Gihae envoys more than that in Sinmyo envoys has shown improving medical standard. At that time of Mujin(戊辰) envoys, ‘Gobangpa(古方派)’ tendency doctors began taking part in the medical questions and answers. In Gyemi(癸未) envoys, fifteen years later from Mujin envoys, the academic trends of Japanese doctors have diversified. At this time of Gyemi envoys, Japanese doctors participated in the medical questions and answers actively used the records of medical questions and answers related ‘Nochae’ in previous envoys. For example, Treating the ‘Nochae’ in the medical questions and answers of Gyemi envoys, Dr. YokotaJunta(橫田準大) refer to ‘Chaessisahwahyeol (崔氏四花穴)’ moxibustion treatment. I think these are most clearly reflected in the medical questions and answers mentioned about ‘Chaessisahwahyeol’ moxibustion treatment in Mujin envoys. This is the example that inform us how Japanese doctors should use the records of medical questions and answers related ‘Nochae’ in previous envoys. We tend to think the people who participated in ‘medical questions and answers’ of ‘JoseonTongsinsa’ are only doctors without exception. Because of the questions and answers related medical, we take it for granted that the participant in medical questions and answers are only doctors. Nevertheless, according to the records remaining medical questions and answers in the medical exchange between Korean and Japanese doctors, that’s not necessarily the case. In the case of Japanese participants, there were quite a few cases in which men of letters not doctors participated in the ‘medical questions and answers’ related common disease. On some occasion, the medical questions and answers on general disease was carried out by only men of letters comprised of both Korean and Japan. People who participated in the medical questions and answers on ‘Nochae’ disease was no exception. Only doctors were present in the medical questions and answers on ‘Nochae’ disease. I estimate the subject related ‘Nochae’ disease among medical questions and answers requires a lot of professionality. Lastly, I assured to be a very basic error in the manuscript records of medical questions and answers related ‘Nochae’. Whatever the reason, there are wrong letters in Sanghanpilyeo (桑韓筆語) which is made up of the medical questions and answers on ‘Nochae’ in Gyemi envoys.

Question Recommendation and Answer Extraction in Question Answering Community

Yang Xianfeng,Liu Pengfei 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.1

Every day, there are a large number of new questions produce in question answering community, how to find the answer user for the question and sort candidate answers is the research content of this paper. First of all ,we use statistical language model to model for user interest, make full use of the abundant personalized information in question answering community to find out user interest distribution, and obtain the user list of question recommendation by introducing the query likelihood language model to calculate the degree of user interest to the new question. Secondly, we calculate the matching degree of question and candidate answers through fusing the feature of word form, word order, distance and semantic. The candidate answers of question will be sorted automatically, making it easier for users to choose the best answer. Experiments are performed on data sets extracted from the Baidu know, experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has better performance.

조서 작성 방식의 개선방안에 대한 연구 - 문답식 조서를 중심으로 -

조균석,김영기 법조협회 2019 法曹 Vol.68 No.3

The question-answer format proces-verbal was not adopted as a result of intense review of its advantages and disadvantages ; but was institutionalized since 1960s based on general practice developed over a long period from Joseon Dynasty and through Korean Empire era and the Japanese colonial period. The question-answer format proces-verbal enables readers to understand the truth clarification process through interrogation and response between the investigator and a criminal suspect, and is also efficient in finding the facts. However, controversy about credibility of the question-answer format proces-verbal may be raised as statements by a criminal suspect may be recorded in distorted way. The question-answer format proces-verbal is also irrational due to excessive burden of proces-verbal formation, if all proces-verbal are to be prepared in such format in every criminal cases. Given that there are not sufficient evidential means with advantages that can replace the advantages of the question-answer format proces-verbal, it is necessary to devise ways to remedy disadvantages and maximize benefits of the question-answer format proces-verbal ; rather than to abolish the question-answer format proces-verbal. It is adequate to diversify investigation means through utilization of either the narrative format proces-verbal or the question-answer format proces-verbal depending on circumstances ; to prevent statement distortion controversy that may be associated especially with the question-answer format proces-verbal through visual recording of the entire investigation process ; and to amend the Criminal Procedure Act to enable usage of visually recorded material as independent evidence in criminal trial. It is crucial to obtain as many objective evidences as possible through scientific means before suspect interrogation. However, suspect statements are necessary in all cases in order to put such evidences together and accurately clarify the truth. As the responsibility of proving the truth clarification lies with the prosecutor under the Korean Criminal Procedure Act which is based on continental legal system, it must be ensured that the prosecutor is able to interrogate the suspect as the last means of truth clarification and to use the proces-verbal, which is the product of such interrogation, as evidence in the trial. It should be remembered that what must be seriously deliberated in connection with the question-answer format proces-verbal is finding ways to use suspect statements as evidence reflected in proces-verbal genuinely and not distorted by the investigator ; rather than blocking usage of the question-answer format proces-verbal as evidence with ease. 오늘날의 문답식 조서는 그 장단점에 관한 치열한 검토 끝에 채택된 것이 아니라 조선시대 이래 대한제국, 일본 식민지시대를 거치며 형성된 관행이 1960년대 이후 제도화된 것이라고 할 수 있다. 문답식 조서는 조사자와 피조사자 간 공방을 통해 진실 규명의 과정을 이해할 수 있고 실체발견에도 효율적이지만, 피조사자의 진술이 왜곡되어 기재될 수 있고 그 결과 조서의 신빙성 논란을 유발하기 쉽다. 모든 조서를 문답식으로 작성하는 경우 조서 작성의 부담으로 인해 불합리하기도 하다. 문답식 조서가 가지고 있는 장점을 대체할 수 있는 증거수단이 아직은 부족한 상황인 점을 감안할 때 문답식 조서를 버리기보다는 문답식 조서의 효용을 최대한 살리면서 문답식 조서의 단점을 보완하기 위한 방안을 강구할 필요가 있다. 사안에 맞춰 서술식 조서와 문답식 조서를 병행하는 등의 방법으로 조사 방식을 다양화하고, 조사의 전 과정을 영상녹화함으로써 특히 문답식 조서에 내포되어 있을 수 있는 진술 왜곡 논란을 방지하여야 하며, 영상녹화물의 독립적 증거사용도 가능하도록 형사소송법을 개정함이 타당하다. 피의자 조사에 앞서 중요한 것은 과학적 방법으로 객관적 증거를 최대한 확보하는 것이다. 다만 이와 같이 확보한 증거의 퍼즐을 맞춰 실체를 정확히 규명하기 위해서는 어느 사건에서든 피의자의 진술이 필요하다. 대륙법계의 국가소추주의를 기본으로 하는 우리 형사소송법 아래에서는 실체규명의 입증책임이 검사에게 있으므로 검사가 실체규명의 마지막 수단으로 피의자를 조사하고 그 조사결과인 조서를 공판단계에서 증거로 사용할 수 있도록 보장하여야 한다. 문답식 조서와 관련하여 진지하게 고민하여야 할 것은 문답식 조서의 증거사용을 손쉽게 차단하는 것이 아니라 피의자의 진술이 조사자에 의해 왜곡되지 않고 좀 더 순수한 상태로 조서에 담겨 증거로 충분히 활용될 수 있는 방안을 찾는데 있음을 잊지 말아야 할 것이다.

What Kind of Answers in Web Open Knowledge Resources? : for Quiz Questions in Education

Hyo-Jung Oh,Yong Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.9

Automatic Question Answering (QA) system aims an appropriate answer for a natural language question. There are several attempts to apply QA techniques to education field in terms of tutoring system. The ultimate goal of this paper is to discover reliable answer resources readily available knowledge in natural language within broad domains. To evaluate the usage of web open knowledge resources for QA in terms of educational purpose, we choose ‘quiz’ game as the target domain of television show. Based on experimental results of our QA system, we classified questions according to their clause structures and determined their complexity. We also analyzed correlation between question classes and answer knowledge resources.

에스겔 33-39장에 나타난 구원신탁의 기능

김래용 한국구약학회 2018 구약논단 Vol.24 No.1

This paper investigates the functions of the salvation oracles in Ezekiel 33-39. I will emphasize that the subjects of this pericope are the Lord's answers to questions/complaints of the house of Israel. Therefore, for this I will find questions/complaints of the house of Israel and then analyze the languages, structures, contents of both the questions/complaints and this pericope. The salvation oracles in Ezekiel 33-39 are the Lord's answers to the people's questions related to complaints and despairs which they experienced before or after the time of fall of Jerusalem. Ezekiel 33 shows one example to questions/complaints-answers, suggesting Ezekiel 34-39 is the Lord's answers to the people's questions/complaints in their mind. Ezekiel 34 deals with the restoration of leadership as the Lord's answer to a question/complaint of the elders of the house of Israel, "the Lord does not see us." Ezekiel 35 deals with the judgment of Edom as the Lord's answer to a question/complaint of the house of Israel and Judah, "the Lord does not see." Ezekiel 36 deals with the restoration of the land as the Lord's answer to a question/complaint of elders and people of the house of Israel and Judah, "the Lord has forsaken the land." Ezekiel 37 deals with the restoration of the whole house of Israel as the Lord's answer to a question/complaint of the whole house of Israel, "we are cut off completely." Ezekiel 38-39 deals with restoration of the Lord's sovereignty and his fame as the Lord's answer to a question/complaint of the house of Israel, "how can we live?" In sum, it is likely that several subjects of restoration related to the house of Israel and Judah in Ezekiel 33-39 might be related to the Lord's promises for captives in the period of exile. Readers might easily understand the subjects in Ezekiel 33-39 through the perspective of questions/complaints-answers. 이 연구는 에스겔 33-39장에 나타난 구원신탁의 기능을 조사한다. 본 연구자는 이 단락에 나타난 주제들이 이스라엘 족속의 질문/불평에 대한 야웨의 답변임을 주장할 것이다. 이것을 위해 본 연구자는 질문/불평을 찾고, 그러고 나서 그 질문들/불평들과 더불어 에스겔 33-39장의 언어와 구조와 내용을 분석할 것이다. 에스겔 33-39장에 언급된 구원신탁은 예루살렘 멸망 전후에 백성들이 경험했던 불평과 절망과 관련된 질문에 대한 야웨의 답변이다. 에스겔 33장은 서론으로 백성들의 질문/불평과 야웨의 답변의 실례를 제시하고 있으며, 동시에 에스겔 34-39장이 백성들이 이미 마음에 품었던 질문/불평에 대한 답변임을 암시하는 역할을 한다. 에스겔 34장은 지도력의 회복을 다루는데, 이것은 “야웨가 우리를 보지 않는다”는 이스라엘 족속의 장로들의 질문/불평에 대한 야웨의 답변이다. 에스겔 35장은 에돔의 심판을 다루는데, 이것은 “야웨게서 보지 아니하신다”는 이스라엘과 유다 족속의 질문/불평에 대한 야웨의 답변이다. 에스겔 36장은 땅의 회복을 다루는데, 이것은 “야웨께서 이 땅을 버렸다”는 이스라엘과 유다 족속의 장로들과 백성들의 질문/불평에 대한 답변이다. 에스겔 37장은 이스라엘 모든 족속의 회복을 다루는데, 이것은 “우리가 온전히 멸절되었다”는 이스라엘 모든 족속의 질문/불평에 대한 야웨의 답변이다. 에스겔 38-39장은 야웨의 주권과 명예의 회복을 다루는데, 이것은 “어떻게 우리가 살 수 있는가?”에 대한 이스라엘 족속의 질문/불평에 대한 답변이다. 따라서 에스겔 33-39장에 언급된 이스라엘과 유다 족속과 관련된 다양한 회복의 주제들은 포로기의 포로들을 위한 야웨의 약속과 관련되었다 볼 수 있다. 이러한 질문/불평-답변의 관점을 통해 독자들은 다양한 회복의 주제들을 쉽게 이해할 수 있을 것이다.

Question Answering System beyond Factoid Type Questions

Satoshi Nakakura,Junichi Fukumoto 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7

In this paper, we describe answer extraction method for non-factoid questions. We classified non-factoid type questions into three types: why type, definition type and how type. We analyzed each type of questions and developed answer extraction patterns for these types of questions. For each question type, we have expanded question analysis modules to determine non-factoid question types and developed answer extraction modules based on the analysis of answer expression patterns in large document set. For evaluation, we used 104 questions which are mainly developed at Question Answering evaluation workshop (NTCIR6-QAC4).

A Study on Output Sentence Generation Method for Question Answering Using Statistical Machine Translation

Tessei Yamada,Tatsuya Arakawa 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Question answering generally generates the answer to the question by extracting the named entity from the sentences containing the answer to the question from information sources. However, it is not always true that a named entity is an answer to the question. So we propose a method for generating the answer sentence using statistical machine translation. The probability models are constructed by learning from enormous samples of the set of question sentence, extracted sentence, and answer sentence. The question sentence and the sentence extracted by the question answering from information source are regarded as an input of machine translation. They are translated to a suitable answer sentence to the question. In this paper, we attempted to apply our method to several simple types questions that can also be answered by the named entity extraction.

허구적 문답으로 표출된 현실 고발적 산문에 대한 고찰

우지영 ( Jee-young Woo ) 동방한문학회 2016 東方漢文學 Vol.0 No.67

All human records reflect the contemporary reality and accordingly it is very natural that it is reflected also in literature. However, reflection of reality does not mean revealingness of reality as it is, without literary device, such as fabrication and narrativity. In this context this study is focused on the prose of complaints against reality shown in fictional question and answer. The prose style that develops its subject based on hypothetic questions and answers, as a way of literary device for effective conveyance of the gist, was created a long time ago. And it is not difficult to find such style in the history of our literature throughout the ages, from the Goryeo Dynasty to the Joseon Dynasty. So, this study aims to figure out the complexion of fictional question and answer for effective complaints against reality, by classifying the question-and-answer style prose by types. First of all, "realistic situation-based question and answer" which develops a gist on the basis of highly probable situation in reality, as a way to develop an author``s criticism to reality, was examined. And "historical background-based question and answer" was also looked into, which insinuatively expresses its subject through actual persons in the past based on the historic figures and events. Lastly, "unrealistic setting-based question and answer" that criticizes the problem of the contemporary reality in depth through the lips of an unrealistic being whom human cannot discuss with in reality was studied as well. This way, this study looked into Chinese prose writings which address the problems of contemporary reality, such as social structural problem and social ills. Particularly, the hypothetical question-and-answer style works were covered to show that it is a part of "literature" based in "fictional" setting, and at the same time, to prove that hypothetical question-and-answer style of description is one part of Chinese prose writings that express a highly probable and persuasive subject which could secure universal validity in an effective way.

외국인 학습자와 한국인 화자의 질의응답 양상 분석 연구

서진숙(Seo, Jin-suk) 국어국문학회 2015 국어국문학 Vol.- No.171

본고에서는 외국인 학습자와 한국인 화자의 질의응답 양상의 공통점과 차이점을 분석하고자 하였다. 특히 한국어 초급과 중급에서 전형적인 질의응답 구성으로 제시되는 이름과 가족 구성원 질문, 국적과 방문 목적 질문, 안부 확인 질문을 중심으로 외국인 학습자의 응답이 한국인과 어떤 차이점과 공통점을 보이는지, 그 이유는 무엇인지를 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 통해 한국어 교재에 제시된 질의응답 구성의 적절성을 검토하고, 한국인과 외국인 그룹의 담화 구성 차이를 찾아 향후 한국어 교육 자료개발에 적절하게 활용할 수 있는 방안을 고찰하는 데 도움을 주고자 하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of answers given by foreign students learning the Korean language and also native Koreans with regards to typical question-answer structures extracted from Korean language textbooks. While reviewing korean levels and the adequacy of using questionanswer structures suggested in textbooks, it was found that there are clear differences in constructing conversations between native Koreans and foreigners speaking Korean. Furthermore, also an appropriate method used in the development of teaching materials for the Korean language is considered. Five question-answer structures were selected for the analysis: "questions about the name and family members", "questions about the means of transportation and the purpose of visiting", "questions about the purpose of visiting (in a special context)", "greetings in questions" and "attracting attention in questions". In situations regarding "questions about the name and family members" foreign students appropriately used the relevant question-answer structure while asking about "the name". However, while asking about "family members", which is not the question native Koreans would ask at the first meeting, foreign students often tend not to use the question natural for native Koreans even though they are aware of the difference. In situations regarding "means of transportation" and "the purpose of visiting" the difference in using relevant structures depends upon the level of Korean language proficiency. Beginner students prefer to ask the question using "means of transportation" while intermediate students prefer to ask the question using "the purpose of visiting". Native Koreans ask the question providing information about "the purpose of visiting" or "the reason". In situations with "the purpose of visiting" in a special context the preferences of asking the question "eotteohke osyeosseoyo? (어떻게 오셨어요?)" differ between native Koreans and foreign students. Koreans chose the question which starts with "eotteohke(어떻게)" while foreign students chose the question with more specific terms like "museun il(무슨 일)" and "dowajuta(도와주다)". Based upon this result it can be said that there is a need for foreign students to strengthen their skills to help them develop the simple presentation of the question-answer structure more like the native Koreans do in their conversations. In situations concerning ‘greetings in questions" foreign students provided appropriate questions to the proficiency level of the Korean language. Beginner students and intermediate students asked the questions in the similar natural way as do native Koreans. Finally, in situations where "attracting attention in questions", it was found that intermediate students prefer to ask the question in the opposite order than native Koreans. These students prefer to ask the question "1: sosik deureosseoyo?(소식 들었어요?)" rather than "2: geukeo arayo?(그거 알아요?)".