경기도 제조업르네상스 추진전략 연구

김은경,남종석,조성철,김지혜 경기연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

Manufacturing is the driving force of the Korean economy and a key foundation for economic growth and an important job-creation industry. In order to maintain Korea"s status as a manufacturing powerhouse, the Manufacturing Renaissance aimed at strengthening manufacturing competitiveness is a proper policy. The purpose of this study is to derive the strategies, policy directions, and pilot projects of the Gyeonggi-do Manufacturing Renaissance in order to revitalize the local economy, create good jobs, strengthen manufacturing capacity and innovate manufacturing. In particular, this study attempts a new method of network analysis between enterprises in Gyeonggi-do to analyse the characteristics of Gyeonggi-do manufacturing ecosystem. The analysis of business transaction networks shows the strong vertical integration with specific anchor companies and the importance of manufacturing in the economy, with data showing that many manufacturing firms also influence the activities of service firms and form a close relationship between them. Therefore, in order for small and medium-sized enterprises to develop and grow, it is very important to establish a fair business ecosystem with these anchor companies. According to the analysis results, the vision of the Gyeonggi-do Manufacturing Renaissance can be set to ‘establishing a fair manufacturing ecosystem’. A fair manufacturing ecosystem can be achieved not only by tightening regulations on large companies, but also through innovation and capacity building of SMEs. The realization of the new economy is, after all, based on a fair local economic ecosystem, and the key is to build a fair manufacturing ecosystem. In addition, action plans for the realization of the Gyeonggi-do Manufacturing Renaissance are proposed, such as workplace innovation, creation of an industrial park ecosystem combining R & D and manufacturing, smartization of industrial parks, and designation of manufacturing week.

한일제조기업의 제조경쟁능력 비교연구

유영목 한일경상학회 2005 韓日經商論集 Vol.32 No.-

The Japanese manufacturers outperformed their Korean counterparts in manufacturing competence comparison based on the four recently proposed manufacturing competence measurement models. Even though some models didn't provide a statistically enough significance level, most of them consistently provided the Japanese manufacturers with higher competence values. This Japanese manufacturers' higher manufacturing competence seems to come from the higher consistency between their perceived importance and implementation performance of the manufacturing competence components. Another reason for this higher manufacturing competence seems to come from that they also put more emphasis on the manufacturing practices relevant to improving their strategically important manufacturing competence components. Based on these findings more emphasis on improving the consistency between strategic orientation and implementation efforts need to be done for the Korean manufacturers to achieve better manufacturing competence.

A Design Framework for Additive Manufacturing: Integration of Additive Manufacturing Capabilities in the Early Design Process

Sarath C. Renjith,Kijung Park,Gül E. Okudan Kremer 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.2

Additive manufacturing has emerged as an integral part of modern manufacturing because of its unique capabilities in various application domains. As efforts to effectively apply additive manufacturing, design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) has risen to provide a set of guidelines based on a practical design framework or a methodology during the product design process of additive manufacturing. However, most existing DfAM methods do not effectively consider the capabilities of extant additive manufacturing technologies in the early design stages, and therefore it is hard to map functional requirements from customer needs onto a product design for additive manufacturing. Moreover, available DfAM methods tend to rely on the direct application of a specific decision method rather than a systematic approach with appropriate deployment and transformation of available design decision methods considering the additive manufacturing environment. Consequently, existing DfAM methods lack suitability for use by additive manufacturing novices. To tackle these issues, this study develops a design framework for additive manufacturing through the integration of axiomatic design and theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ). This integrated approach is effective because the axiomatic design approach can be used to systematically define and analyze a design problem, while the TRIZ problem-solving approach combined with an additive manufacturing database can be used as an idea generation tool to generate innovative solutions for the design problem. A case study for a housing cover redesign is presented to apply and validate the proposed design framework.

A Short-term Prediction for QoS of Cloud Manufacturing Based on Improved Support Vector Regression Algorithm

Shumei Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.6

Cloud manufacturing combined with information manufacturing, the Internet of things(IoT), cloud computing, and semantic web technology. Through extending and changing the service technology and network manufacturing, it makes the manufacturing resources and manufacturing capabilities virtualization and servicization. It can make centralized and unified intelligent management for manufacturing. Therefore, the establishment of appropriate cloud manufacturing QoS(quality of service) model is the basis and prerequisite for the development of related research of cloud manufacturing. The existing QoS model ignored the effect of time on QoS. This directly leads to the lack of accuracy of modeling, and further affects the implementation effect of the follow-up study on the prediction, service selection and so on. With cloud manufacturing evaluation criteria, this paper proposes a five dimensional QoS evaluation criteria and the corresponding calculation formula, it is consistent with the cloud manufacturing background. Secondly, we establish the QoS prediction model based on the support vector machine with arbitrary penalty band. This model can cover the shortage for the previous studies, and effectively solve the problem of the dimension of QoS prediction in cloud manufacturing. Thirdly, this paper predicts 5 important QoS indexes. The experimental data from a cloud manufacturing provider's historical data, and the experimental use a large number of historical QoS value to train the support vector machine with arbitrary penalty band. Network training is terminated when the coefficient is greater than 0.995. Then, the QoS value of the seven nodes in the future is predicted by the QoS value of the sample data set. Finally, the experiment shows that the support vector regression machine with arbitrary penalty has a good prediction effect on QoS of cloud manufacturing. But the artificial neural network and the gray forecast model has poor effect on it.

한국 제조업 소공인의 경쟁력 분석을 위한 국가간 비교연구

최세경,곽규태 중소벤처기업연구원 2017 중소기업정책연구 Vol.2 No.4

Growth of manufacturing industry, which accounts for a high proportion of Korea’s GDP, has continued to decline. According to the manufacturing industry, the growth rate of micro manufacturing industry in Korea has also declined. Given the importance of micro manufacturing industry as the foundation of manufacturing value chain, it should have international competitiveness to drive the growth of the Korea economy. This study analyzes the competitiveness of micro manufacturing industry in Korea and other countries and presents policy implications. As a result of the analysis, Korea micro manufacturing industry is the most outstanding OECD country in contributing to the national economy and contributing to job creation. In case of domestic competitiveness, the following are the more competitive manufacturing industries than others. ‘Manufacturing of electronic components, computers, video, sound and communication equipment’, ‘other machinery and equipment manufacturing’, ‘Chemical and chemical products manufacturing’, ‘Medical, precision, optical equipment and watch manufacturing’, ‘Electrical equipment manufacturing’ etc. 한국 GDP의 상당 부분을 차지하는 제조업의 지속적인 성장 률 하락은 제조업의 하부구조를 담당하는 소공인에서도 그대 로 이어지고 있다. 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 축적된 기술 노하우를 바 탕으로 한국의 제조업의 밑바탕이 되는 소공인의 중요성을 감 안할 때, 한국 소공인이 국제 경쟁력을 갖추어 국가경제의 성 장을 견인할 수 있도록 정책적 방향을 제시하는 것이 필요하 다. 본 연구는 도시형소공인 대상의 19개 제조업종별 국내 경 쟁력 분석과 한국을 포함한 선진국 간의 소공인 제조업별 국 제 경쟁력을 분석하여 한국 소공인 제조업종의 성장잠재력을 파악하고 정책적 시사점을 도출했다. 분석 결과, 소공인 대상 19개 제조업종 중 ‘전자부품,컴퓨터,영상,음향및통신장비제조 업’, ‘기타기계및장비제조업’, ‘화학물질및화학제품제조업;의약품 제외’, ‘의료,정밀,광학기기및시계제조업’, ‘전기장비제조업’, ‘식 료품제조업’이 탁월한 국내 경쟁력을 지니고 있었다. 또한 한 국은 소공인 제조업의 국가경제 기여도와 일자리 창출 기여도 에 있어 OECD 국가 중에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

EXPLORING RURAL-URBAN APPAREL MANUFACTURING SUPPLY CHAIN CONNECTIONS: TWO COMMUNITY CASE STUDIES

Nancy J. Miller,Carol Engel-Enright 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07

Introduction The manufacturing of apparel is the third-largest industry in the world, generating $700 billion annually (Jacobo, 2016). However, over the last 20 years, the US has lost 90% of its apparel manufacturing jobs (Bland, 2013). In response, the US Department of Commerce considers the importance of strengthening American manufacturing to be a key piece of economic recovery. They stated that large manufacturers needed to play a key role in, “cultivating the capabilities of small firms in their supply chains and spurring cross-pollination of expertise across firms” (Supply Chain Innovation: Strengthening Small Manufacturing, 2015, p. 3). This National Science Foundation funded research investigates the development of new, small US cut and sew firms as providing a potentially important link with larger, urban firms in the US apparel manufacturing supply chain. The objectives of this qualitative research are to: 1) ascertain social as well as economic challenges to establishing viable cut and sew firms in two rural US communities; and 2) examine the emerging issues in the apparel manufacturing supply chain; and 3) build propositions for research directions. Theoretical framework From an economic-sociological perspective, business, organizations, are embedded in larger institutional environments (DiMaggio & Powel, 1983, Granovetter, 1985, Meyer & Rowan, 1977, Meyer & Scott, 1983). The firm is seen as a part of a social-economic system with strong ties to others that can offer both business advantages (Di Maggio & Powel, 1983) or disadvantages (Uzzi, 1997). Institutional theory thus links social and cultural meaning systems or norms to the business environment (Handelman & Arnold, 1999). An Institutional theoretical framework proposes that in the economic environment, there are norms or rules that participants are expected to comply with if the organizations involved are to receive support and achieve legitimacy (Arnold, Handelman, & Tigert, 1996). Business owners or managers strive to legitimize their businesses, thus elevating investors’, suppliers’, and potential collaborators’ confidence in their competency to provide the specified products or services. This theory provides a foundation for examining the process through which small startup businesses, particularly rural apparel cut and sew firms, balance economic strategic actions and adherence to societal norms internally within their community and externally across a variety of apparel supply chain businesses located in non-adjacent urban communities. Current approach and preliminary results Using the Institutional theoretical perspective, we follow the initial stages of development for two apparel cut and sew centers in rural communities and their navigation of new businesses into the apparel manufacturing industry. Prior to outsourcing of apparel, many small agricultural-based communities across the state had manufacturing centers that provided income for local community members. Community leaders have long sought ideas for returning light manufacturing to their communities for local investment, job creation, and economic growth. Rural county economic development officers set up community interest meetings to see if there was interest in addressing the apparel industry need for quick speed-to-market and greater quality control through domestic manufacturing located closer to company headquarters within the state. Meetings in two communities, located in the northeastern part of the state, generated interest from local investors who have recently moved to open cut and sew centers. Four additional communities, located in the southeastern section of the state, await proof-of-concept prior to moving forward. Given the larger plan for the centers, the concept of specialization in manufacturing was determined for growth and expansion across the state; thus, one center was focused on woven apparel production and the other on knit apparel production. Cooperation and collaboration were important business values to prevent price competition and to potentially provide fulfillment of large scale orders. Longitudinal approach and research questions To address the objectives of this early stage work we used a case study approach to capture information. Data was collected from US Census Bureau and from interviews with investors, managers, workers, large manufacturing management, industry specialists in sourcing and equipment, as well as individuals connected to economic development and Extension. Please see Table 1. summarizing case study findings and emerging themes. In addition to these findings we employ a method frequently found in the analysis of an institutional theoretical perspective known as event history analysis. In time, this study will measure the temporal and sequential unfolding of unique events that transform the interpretation and meaning of social and economic structures (Steel, 2005; Thorton & Ocasio, 2008). This method will enable accommodation of data at multiple levels of analysis involving the individual (members of the cut and sew centers), organizational (cut and sew center firms), and environment (community and industry interactions). Event history is used to assess the five elementary concepts of – state (dependent variable, cut and sew center continuance), event (defines the transitions or experiences of the cut and sew centers), duration (length of time), risk period (potential for exposure to the particular event), censoring (not experiencing the event) (Vermunt, 2007). Thus far, we have initial case study data and documentation of events for two newly established cut and sew centers, but will continue to collect data as four additional cut and sew centers evolve. The following research questions address the five elementary concepts. We address the following research questions in meeting Objective 1 of this study: RQ 1. What are the social institutional centered events and consequences? RQ 2. How do different economic organizations contribute to firm evolution? RQ 3. What risks are involved that could inhibit or enable firm development? To address Objective 2 of this study, we focus on the following research questions framed around emerging issues expected to shape the apparel industry: RQ 4. What are the local capabilities? RQ 5. What role does technology play in firm emergence and development? RQ 6. How does the speed to market capability evolve? RQ 7. What are the industry expectations for domestic apparel production? Implications Early analyses of the two cut and sew centers highlights commonalities that are central to Institutional theory. In partially addressing Research Questions 1 through 3, we have found that there are several emerging issues that stem from weak or delicate linkages of social and cultural meaning systems or norms to the business environment (Handelman & Arnold, 1999). Though the investors, managers, and workers desire to meet industry expectations, there is a gap between the localized perspective and industry perspectives with neither having a strong understanding as to how to return the production to a domestic process. Years of outsourcing have weakened linkages and knowledge has been lost. Training is needed in commercial sewing, creating connections to industry, sourcing trims, ownership of goods, and pricing the production. Thus, as proposed in an Institutional theoretical framework, there are norms or rules that participants are expected to comply with if the organizations involved are to receive support and achieve legitimacy; however in this business arena, the rules are no longer clearly established. Further, the embeddedness of the cut and sew firms in the communities, though appearing to be currently well supported, may be moved as the cut and sew firms gain linkages beyond the community. In addressing Research Questions 4 through 7, we have found that though the support from the local communities has been strong both socially and financially, the learning curve was steep for both of the cut and sew centers in working with clients and educating clients in the product development process of sample pattern to grading to marker making for production cutting as well as procuring thread, findings, labels, hangtags, and packaging for delivery to stores. The move from home sewing to commercial sewing has involved considerable training of the managers and workers. Training featured understanding of the different machines, threading, and tension issues to ensure quality standards for apparel construction. Collaboration was facilitated by a technical consultant’s interface with an industrial sewing supplier and equipment repair company. Training of one-piece flow manufacturing work improved timing efficiency and quality control. The technical consultant spent days on-site and sewing with the team to solve process flow problems and study quality control issues. Issues of timing and efficient production process revolved around changing thread and adjusting machine and stitch tension for various contracts. Issues also emerged in the supply chain of contract manufacturing. Many of the clients were not ready for production, either due to financial commitments or understanding of the process from designing sample lines to marketing apparel products to retail stores and consumers. This required a change in plans to market the cut and sew center directly to the industry. The industrial sewers were flexible with producing various knit or woven sewn products. Issues related to managing a domestic cut and sew facility involved ensuring that all components were received on time, planning time, and estimating the costs involved with fulfilling manufacturing contracts. Data collection continues as the two established centers advance and four additional centers launch in the next two years. From this initial data and to meet the third objective of this inductive research, we offer propositions that warrant further analyses as the cut and sew centers more through various phases of development. Data will be collected to address propositions. P1 The greater the agreement in norms or rules that guide the apparel supply chain process, the stronger the business relationships among contractors, manufacturers, and cut and sew centers. P2 Legitimization of rural community cut and sew centers among the more urban supply chain members will build collaboration and reduce perceived risk in competency to provide specified products or services. P3 Increased collaboration among rural cut and sew centers in terms of shared knowledge and resources will increase perceived economic benefits to the individual centers and to the rural communities.

중국제조2025와 철강산업의 연관분석

최정석 ( Choi Jung Seok ),김형근 ( Kim Hyung Geun ) 한중사회과학학회 2018 한중사회과학연구 Vol.16 No.4

The characteristics of China’s manufacturing industry are large, lacking in competitiveness, and there is a clear gap between developed countries’ manufacturing in the fields of independent innovation capacity, resource utilization efficiency, industrial structure level. It is necessary to restructure the entire manufacturing industry. The Chinese government released "China Manufacturing 2025" on May 8, 2015, and officially announced it on May 19. In particular, it focuses on eco-friendly improvement of traditional manufacturing facilities that have been the basis of economic growth in the past, such as the steel industry. Specifically, it is a traditional manufacturing industry such as steel and related ineffectiveness of facilities and factories are being applied. As a result, the following results were obtained. First, according to the results of analysis of the influence coefficient of Chinese steel industry in 2012, it was derived in the order of special equipment manufacturing, other manufacturing and weighing/measuring equipment manufacturing. As a result of the analysis, in 2007, if the conventional traditional manufacturing industries such as metal products, electricity, machinery and equipment manufacturing, metal smelting and rolling industry, It can be concluded that the rear industry group, which has added technical and expertise, has been changed. Second, the sensitivity coefficients of the Chinese steel industry in 2012 were analyzed in the order of chemical industry, metal smelting and rolling, and power/heating production and supply. Compared with the results in 2007, it can be seen that the downstream industries of the steel industry, that is, the raw materials industry and the raw materials industry, which are the basis of the traditional manufacturing industry in China, It is possible to analyze why the Chinese government’s Chinese manufacturing 2025 strategy is being pursued.

전략과 환경이 중소기업의 제조 아웃소싱에 미치는 영향

허문구(Moon-Goo Huh) 한국인사조직학회 2006 인사조직연구 Vol.14 No.3

  근래에 들어 아웃소싱은 기업의 지원기능뿐만 아니라 핵심기능에도 활발히 도입되고 있으며, 비용절감 측면을 넘어 전략적 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 그러나 아웃소싱에 대한 기존 연구는 주로 정보시스템, 일반관리 등과 같은 지원기능을 대상으로 기업의 운영효율성 제고를 위한 원가절감이란 측면에 초점을 두고 이루어져왔다. 현실과 연구의 괴리에 대한 인식을 바탕으로, 본 연구는 우리나라 중소기업을 대상으로 제조 아웃소싱의 영향요인을 규명하는데 초점을 두었다. 중소제조업에서 제조아웃소싱은 효과적 환경적응을 위한 전략적 의사결정으로 개념화하고, 전략과 환경이 제조아웃소싱에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 연구결과, 마케팅차별화 전략과 기술 차별화 전략은 제조 아웃소싱과 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, 환경의 동태성은 전략과 제조 아웃소싱의 관계에 대체로 유의한 영향(조절 효과)을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 기술차별화 전략을 사용하는 기업은 환경이 동태적일수록 제조 아웃소싱을 활발히 추진하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 원가주도 전략의 경우에는 환경의 동태성과 상호작용 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 기존 연구와는 달리 제조아웃소싱에 대한 전략과 환경의 영향을 실증적으로 규명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 전략적 의사결정으로서 아웃소싱에 대한 보다 정교한 개념화와 후속 연구가 이루어지길 기대한다.   This study investigates how strategy and environment influence a firm’s manufacturing outsourcing activities. Prior research on outsourcing has focused on supportive functions such as information services, general administration, accounting and maintenance, and has been concerned mostly with large firms. Discussion on outsourcing has usually centered on potential cost savings associated with such functions. Little attention has been paid to the factors that influence the outsourcing decisions of managers in small manufacturing organizations. Now growing practices of outsourcing has not been fully understood due to two primary reasons. First, outsourcing decisions are usually seen as operational decisions with a view to cost reduction. Second, outsourcing contracts are viewed as adversarial, rather than cooperative, relationships. Companies, however, increasingly outsource some of their main functions, depend on outsourcing for strategic benefits as well as lower costs, and have cooperative relationships with their suppliers.<BR>  Recognizing the gap between research and practice, this article focuses on manufacturing outsourcing, which refers to the process of determining which of the numerous manufacturing activities should be given out to an external provider. From a strategic behavior perspective of outsourcing, I suggest that a firm’s decision to outsource its manufacturing should be viewed as a strategic choice to adapt to changing environment and to enhance its competitiveness rather than merely as a way of cost-cutting. I developed the following hypotheses to examine the strategic aspects of manufacturing outsourcing. They are as follows: (1) Business strategy is positively related to a firm’s level of manufacturing outsourcing activities. More specifically: (a) The strategy of technological differentiation is positively related to a firm’s level of manufacturing outsourcing activities, (b) The strategy of marketing differentiation is positively related to a firm’s level of manufacturing outsourcing activities, and (c) The strategy of cost leadership is negatively related to a firm’s level of manufacturing outsourcing activities. (2) The relationship between business strategy and manufacturing outsourcing will be moderated by perceived environmental dynamism. More specifically: (a) The positive relationship between differentiation strategy and manufacturing outsourcing will be stronger in dynamic environments than in stable environments, and (b) The negative relationship between cost leadership strategy and manufacturing outsourcing will be stronger in stable environments than in dynamic environments.<BR>  Data were collected through field surveys and complemented by secondary sources in the context of small and medium-sized manufacturing firms. To enhance reliability and validity of the survey data, we conducted direct interviews with top managers of the sample firms. The firms in the sample represent diverse industry sectors, from traditional textile to high-tech electronics. On average, they had 104 employees and had been in operation for 15 years.<BR>  Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical moderated regression analysis. Overall, the study found that competitive strategies are associated with the level of manufacturing outsourcing activity. Specifically, the strategy of marketing differentiation was very significantly related to the level of manufacturing outsourcing after controlling for firm size and years of operation. The strategy of technological differentiation was also positively associated with a firm’s propensity to outsource its manufacturing. However, cost leadership strategy was not related to the level of manufacturing outsourcing. The second hypothesis proposed that these relationships between strategy and manufacturing outsourcing are moderated by perceived environmental dynamism. It was found that the firms using technological differentiat

A Systematic Review on Smart Manufacturing in the Garment Industry

김민석,안지선,강지혜,김성민 한국의류산업학회 2020 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Since Industry 4.0, there is a growing interest in smart manufacturing across all industries. However, there are few studies on this topic in the garment industry despite the growing interest in implementing smart manufacturing. This paper presents the feasibility and essential considerations for implementing smart manufacturing in the garment industry. A systematic review analysis was conducted. Studies on garment manufacturing and smart manufacturing were searched separately in the Scopus database. Key technologies for each manufacturing were derived by keyword analysis. Studies on key technologies in each manufacturing were selected; in addition, bibliographic analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to understand the progress of technological development in the garment industry. In garment manufacturing, technology studies are rare as well as locally biased. In addition, there are technological gaps compared to other manufacturing. However, smart manufacturing studies are still in their infancy and the direction of garment manufacturing studies are toward smart manufacturing. More studies are needed to apply the key technologies of smart manufacturing to garment manufacturing. In this case, the progress of technology development, the difference in the industrial environment, and the level of implementation should be considered. Human components should be integrated into smart manufacturing systems in a labor-intensive garment manufacturing process.

15세기 조선과 명의 御用磁器 제작체제의 유사점과 차이점

김윤정 한국대학박물관협회 2015 고문화 Vol.85 No.-

In this study, the roles and characteristics of government organizations and officials related to manufacturing of royal wares were compared and examined, with a focus on the 15th century when the royal kilns system was introduced in the Joseon Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. The study focused on the fact that the 15th century was a period when the royal wares manufacturing systems began to be implemented, and that the systems were only observed in Joseon and Ming. The two countries’ universality and specificity of the systems were examined through close comparison of public organizations and officials related to handling royal wares manufacturing, handling the requisition and supervision of craftsmen and supervising the overall manufacturing process. First, comparison was made as to which organizations were in charge of manufacturing royal wares in the two countries. Considering the Yukjo system (a governance system of Joseon and Ming), the roles of craftmen who built kilns and made wares with earth were equivalent to that of Gongjo. Gongbu of Ming manufactured and supplied wares used in royal palaces, including royal wares from the period of Hongmu reign(1368~1398). In Joseon, all wares used in royal palaces were supplied based on the taxation system managed by Hojo and Sagiso (royal kilns), which was an organization reporting to Saongwon (office under Yijo) established in 1467. It is noteworthy that the manufacturing and supply of royal wares were managed under the Yijo system not the Gongjo system in Joseon period. Next, roles of Gamjogwan (manufacturing supervisors) and Gamgonggwan (potter supervisors) who played a vital part in manufacturing wares in line with the style and quality demanded by the Emperor and King were compared. In Ming, the eunuchs were dispatched from the period of Seondeok reign(1426~1435) when the full-fledged operation of the royal kiln began, serving as manufacturing supervisors. Officials of Gongbu served as potter supervisors. The eunuchs were dispatched to the royal wares manufacturing site, as it was effective in manufacturing quality wares that the Emperor ordered to be completed in a short time. Joseon also dispatched the eunuch as supervisors for manufacturing royal wares, who handled the manufacturing and management of royal wares at Saongbang, consisting of eunuchs. In addition, as royal wares were manufactured based on the taxation system in the early Joseon period, some cases show that local officials acted as supervisors of manufacturing and potter. The roles of eunuch in manufacturing of royal wares were abolished in 1467, when Sagiso was established in Saongwon and officials of Saongwon served as manufacturing supervisors. Third, scopes and roles of Saongwon and Guanglusi, office of royal cuisines, in manufacturing royal wares were compared. Guanglusi of Ming defined the type and quantity of royal wares used at royal palaces by year, and notified Gongbu of the information. Guanglusi of Ming also managed wares, preventing losses and damages of wares, but was not directly involved in the manufacturing process. On the contrary, Sagiso was established under Saongwon in 1467 as the royal kiln, and it secured fuel for manufacturing royal wares, developed new firing techniques, and supervised potters and manufacturing. 조선과 명에서 관요제도가 정착되는 15세기를 중심으로 어용자기 제작에 관련되는 官制·官吏·官司의역할과 성격을 비교 고찰하여, 양국 어용자기 제작체제의 유사점과 차이점을 살펴보았다. 15세기는 양국의 어기 제작이 관요체제로 정착되어 가는 시기이면서, 중국과 한국에서만 볼 수 있는 현상이라는 점을 주목하였다. 조선이 관요를 설치하는 전후 과정에서 명과의 유사성과 조선만의 특수한 상황이 무엇이었는지를 이해하는 데 목적이 있다. 첫째, 어용자기 제작을 담당하는 官制에서 가마를 짓고 흙으로 그릇을 만드는 百工의 직무는 六曹체제에서 工曹의 업무라고 할 수 있다. 명은 洪武 연간부터 어용자기를 포함한 궐내에서 사용되는 각종 자기는 工 部에서 제작을 담당하고 調達하였다. 그러나 조선은 1467년경에 吏曹에 속한 사옹원 산하에 官窯인 ‘沙器所’ 가 설치되었으며, 이는 육조체제에서 본다면 특수한 상황임을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 어기 제작에서 가장 중요한 역할은 ‘監造’와 ‘監工’이다. 명은 선덕 연간(1426~1435)부터 내관이 감조관, 공부 관원이 감공관의 역할을 했다. 내관을 직접 제작지에 파견하는 이유는 사용자(황제, 국왕)가 원하는 양식과 높은 품질의 자기를 빠른 시간 안에 제대로 제작하기 위해서였다. 조선에서도 어용자기 제작에 내시가 감조관으로 파견되거나 내관으로 구성된 사옹방이 어용자기와 제작과 관리에 관여하였다. 그러나 사옹방이 정식 관사인 사옹원으로 개편되고, ‘사기소’가 설치되면서 내시가 아닌 사옹원 관원이 監造官 의 직무를 수행하게 된다. 셋째, 사옹원과 광록시는 모두 御膳을 담당한 관사이다. 명대 광록시는 궐내에서 해마다 사용되는 자기의 기종과 수량을 책정하여 공부에 알리고, 분실과 훼손 등을 방지하는 등의 그릇 관리가 주된 임무였으며, 자기 제작에 직접 관여하지 않았다. 그러나 조선의 사옹방의 後身인 사옹원에서 어용자기의 제작과정에 필요한 땔감 조달, 새로운 번조기술의 개발, 감조, 감공 등의 역할을 하게 된다.