A review of the immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides isolated from Panax species

Yeye Hu,Yang He,Zhiqiang Niu,Ting Shen,Ji Zhang,Xinfeng Wang,Weicheng Hu a,Jae Youl Cho 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Panax polysaccharides are biopolymers that are isolated and purified from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of Panax L. plants, which have attracted considerable attention because of their immunomodulatory activities. In this paper, the composition and structural characteristics of purified polysaccharides are reviewed. Moreover, the immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides are described both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, Panax polysaccharides exert immunomodulatory functions mainly by activating macrophages, dendritic cells, and the complement system. In vivo, Panax polysaccharides can increase the immune organ indices and stimulate lymphocytes. In addition, this paper also discusses the membrane receptors and various signalling pathways of immune cells. Panax polysaccharides have many beneficial therapeutic effects, including enhancing or activating the immune response, and may be helpful in treating cancer, sepsis, osteoporosis, and other conditions. Panax polysaccharides have the potential for use in the development of novel therapeutic agents or adjuvants with beneficial immunomodulatory properties.

병풀 추출물이 첨가된 음료 시제품의 장내 면역조절 효과와 지표물질

김연숙,신현영,구자평,하은지,정원비,정미연,유광원 한국식품영양학회 2023 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.36 No.6

To produce an intestinal immunomodulatory beverage containing Centella asiatica extract (CAE), three types of CAE-added beverage prototypes were prepared, and their immunomodulatory activities and marker compounds were analyzed. As a result of the cytotoxicity assessment, all the beverages did not show significant toxicity compared to the control group. Next, the immunomodulatory activities of the beverage prototype were evaluated using the inflammatory model of IL-1β-induced intestinal epithelial cell line. All the samples significantly reduced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in a CAE concentration-dependent manner. In addition, CAE-added beverages inhibited NO, IL-6, and IL-12 production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. When the major triterpenoids, as marker compounds for the production of CAE-added beverages, were analyzed by HPLC-DAD, only asiaticoside was detected beyond the limit of quantification, while madecassoside, madecassic acid, and asiatic acid were not detected. The amounts of asiaticoside in CAE-added beverage prototypes were confirmed in No. 1 (19.39 μg/mL), 2 (19.25 μg/mL), and 3 (19.98 μg/mL). In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that CAE-added beverage prototypes induced immunomodulatory effects in the intestinal inflammatory cell line models and asiaticoside could be used as a marker compound for CAE-added beverage production.

Antinociceptive, Immunomodulatory and Antipyretic Activity of Nymphayol Isolated from Nymphaea stellata (Willd.) Flowers

( Subash Babu Pandurangan ),( Antony Samy Paul ),( Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu ),( Alshatwi A Ali ) 한국응용약물학회 2013 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.21 No.5

In the present study, we aimed to analyze the antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and antipyretic activities of nymphayol were investigated in wistar rats and mice. Antinociceptive effect was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing, formalin induced paw licking and hot-plate tests. Immunomodulatory activity was assessed by neutrophil adhesion test, humoral response to sheep red blood cells, delayed-type hypersensitivity, phagocytic activity and cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. Nymphayol produced signifi cant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity in acetic acid induced writhing response and late phase of the formalin induced paw licking response. Pre-treatment with nymphayol (50 mg/kg, oral) evoked a signifi cant increase in neutrophil adhesion to nylon fi bres. The augmentation of humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells by nymphayol (50 mg/kg) was evidenced by increase in antibody titres in rats. Oral administration of nymphayol (50 mg/kg) to rats potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. Treatment with nymphayol showed a signifi cant (p<0.05) reduction in pyrexia in rats. The results suggest that nymphayol possesses potent anti-nociceptive, immunomodulatory and antipyretic activities.

Heat-Killed Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 13314BP Enhances Phagocytic Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects via Activation of MAPK and STAT3 Pathways

( Minju Jeong ),( Jae Hwan Kim ),( Hee Yang ),( Shin Dal Kang ),( Seongbong Song ),( Deukbuhm Lee ),( Ji Su Lee ),( Jung Han Yoon Park ),( Sanguine Byun ),( Ki Won Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.8

Identification of novel probiotic strains is of great interest in the field of functional foods. Specific strains of heat-killed bacteria have been reported to exert immunomodulatory effects. Herein, we investigated the immune-stimulatory function of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 13314BP (LBP). Treatment with LBP significantly increased the production of TNF-α and IL-6 by macrophages. More importantly, LBP was able to enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages against bacterial particles. Activation of p38, JNK, ERK, NF-κB, and STAT3 was involved in the immunomodulatory function of LBP. LBP treatment significantly increased production of TNF-α by bone marrow-derived macrophages and splenocytes, further confirming the immunostimulatory effect of LBP in primary immune cells. Interestingly, the immunomodulatory effects of LBP were much stronger than those of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a well-known probiotic strain. These results indicate that LBP can be a promising immune-enhancing functional food agent.

인삼양영탕(人蔘養榮湯)이 비소세포 폐암세포(NCI-H520) 이식 마우스에서 항암 및 면역 활성에 미치는 영향

송광규,곽민아,김종대,Song, Kwang-Kyu,Kwak, Min-A,Kim, Jong-Dae 대한한의학방제학회 2013 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe anticancer and related immunomodulatory effects of Insamyangyoung-tang extracts (ISYYTe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods : Three different dosages of ISYYTe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 42 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Six groups, which are intact control, tumor bearing control, 5-fluorouracil (FU) 30 mg/kg, ISYYTe 50 mg/kg, ISYYTe 100 mg/kg, ISYYTe 200 mg/kg, each of 8 mice per group were used in the present study. Changes on the body weight, tumor volume and weight, lymphatic organ (spleen and popliteal lymph node), serum interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ levels, splenocytes NK cell activity and peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were observed with tumor mass and lymphatic organ histopathology to detect anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. Results : As results of ISYYTe 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg treatment, decreases in the tumor volumes and weights were detected. At histopathological observations, decreases of tumor cell volumes in tumor masses were dose-dependently decreased mediated by increases of apoptosis among tumor cells by treatment of all three different dosages of ISYYTe. As results of tumor cell inoculation, marked decreases of spleen and popliteal lymph node weights, serum IFN-${\gamma}$, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents and splenocytes were observed with histopathological atrophic changes of spleen and popliteal lymph nodes. Conclusions : Over 50 mg/kg of ISYYTe showed favorable anticancer effects on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft with immunomodulatory effects. Although relatively lower anticancer effects were observed in ISYYTe 200 mg/kg treated mice as compared with 5-FU 30 mg/kg treated mice, there are no meaningful favorable immunomodulatory effects were observed after 5-FU treatment in the present study.

귀비탕(歸脾湯)이 비소세포 폐암세포(NCI-H520) 이식 마우스에서 항암 및 면역 활성에 미치는 영향

손지영,최해윤,김종대,Son, Ji-Young,Choi, Hae-Yun,Kim, Jong-Dae 대한한방내과학회 2012 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

Objectives : This study was to observe anticancer and related immunomodulatory effects of Kwibi-tang extracts (KBTe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods : Three different dosages of KBTe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 42 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Six groups, each of 8 mice per group were used in the present study. Changes in body weight, tumor volume and weight, lymphatic organs (spleen and popliteal lymph node), serum interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ levels, splenocytes NK cell activity and peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were observed with tumor mass and lymphatic organ histopathology to detect anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. The results were compared with a potent cytotoxic anticancer agent, 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal treatment (3-day intervals for 42 days, the optimal effective treatment regimes already confirmed). Results & Conclusions : This study suggest that over 50 mg/kg of KBTe showed favorable anticancer effects on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft with immunomodulatory effects. Although relatively lower anticancer effects were observed in KBTe 200 mg/kg treated mice as compared with 5-FU 30 mg/kg treated mice, no meaningful favorable immunomodulatory effects were observed after 5-FU treatment in the present study.

Immunomodulatory Effects by Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 in Mouse Splenocytes and Macrophages

( Mijoo Choi ),( Yunjung Lee ),( Na-kyoung Lee ),( Chun Ho Bae ),( Dae Chul Park ),( Hyun-dong Paik ),( Eunju Park ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.11

The present study evaluates the immunomodulatory effect of Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 in murine primary splenocytes and macrophages. B. longum KACC 91563 regulated Tand B-cell proliferation and inhibited the Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ)/Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine imbalance and immune cytokine production. Moreover, immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were significantly lower after treatment with B. longum KACC 91563. These findings suggest that B. longum KACC 91563 could modulate the systemic immune system toward both IgE production and regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance.

Lactobacillus gasseri 505를 사용한 꾸지뽕잎 추출물 첨가 신바이오틱스 발효유의 면역활성 조절 연구

이지영,김수경,신용국,오남수,Lee, Ji Young,Kim, Su Gyeong,Shin, Yong Kook,Oh, Nam Su 한국유가공학회 2018 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.36 No.1

This study examined the immunomodulatory effects of milk fermented with based on the synbiotic interaction between Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) and Lactobacillus gasseri 505. Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with milk (Control), milk supplemented with 0.2% CT (CT-milk), or CT-milk fermented with L. gasseri 505 (FCT). FCT-treated cells showed higher NO production than the other groups. ELISA revealed that FCT produced the highest enhancement of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-10. Furthermore, FCT also increased the gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, these results indicate that the synbiotic interaction between CT and L. gasseri 505 might enhance their immunomodulatory effects of fermented milk.

황칠나무 잎 열수 추출물 섭취가 아토피 동물모델 NC/Nga Mice에서 면역 조절에 미치는 영향

이민희,권한올,박수정,이다솜,김혜숙,김은,김용재,이정민 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.48 No.9

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic and a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is experiencing an increasing predominance globally. This study examined the effects of anti-atopic dermatitis through the immunomodulatory effects of Dendropanax morbifera (DM) leaf water extract. NC/Nga mice induced by atopic dermatitis were used in this study. The mice were divided into six groups as follows: Normal control (Balb/c mice), Atopy C. (NC/Nga mice+1% DNCB), positive control (Atopy C.+dietary supplement of γ-linolenic acid), D (Atopy C.+dietary supplement of dextrin), 100 (Atopy C.+dietary supplement of DM leaf water extract 100 mg/kg b.w.), and 500 (Atopy C.+dietary supplement of DM leaf water extract 500 mg/kg b.w.). The Atopy C. caused a significant increase in the skin damage compared to the normal control. In contrast, the groups of dietary supplement of DM decreased the skin damage significantly compared to the Atopy C.. The groups of dietary supplement of DM, particularly in the 500 group, also inhibited the AD-induced Th1/Th2 cytokines imbalance, and decreased the epidermal hydration, IgG1, and IgE. In addition, the level of serum histamine of the NC/Nga mice with dietary supplement DM showed a significant decrease compared to the Atopy C.. In conclusion, the DM extract may be a potential therapeutic candidate for AD through the immunomodulatory effect. 본 연구에서는 아토피 피부염 개선 소재 개발을 위해 황칠나무 잎 열수 추출물의 섭취가 DNCB로 아토피 피부염을 유발한 NC/Nga mice에서 면역 조절에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 아토피 피부염에서 나타나는 건조, 짓무름, 발진 등의 증상과 경표피 수분 손실을 비교한 결과, 황칠나무 잎 열수 추출물의 섭취로 개선되었다. 또한 아토피 유발로 감소한 T 세포의 증식능이 황칠나무 잎 열수 추출물 섭취군에서 증가하였고, B 세포의 증식능 역시 유의적으로 감소하였다. 아토피 피부염 유발로 인해 Th1/Th2 cytokine의 불균형을 알아보기 위하여 IL-2, IFN-γ(Th1) 및 IL-4, IL-10(Th2)을 측정한 결과, 황칠나무 잎 열수 추출물 섭취군에서 Th1 cytokine 분비가 유의적으로 증가하였고, Th2 cytokine의 분비는 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이로 인해 IgE와 히스타민 생산 역시 감소하였다. 따라서 황칠나무 열수 추출물이 Th1/Th2의 분비를 정상화함으로써 면역글로불린 및 히스타민의 분비를 억제하여 아토피 피부염의 면역조절에 도움이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

보기익혈 복합방, 바이오 큐의 면역조절 효과

이효정,길재호,백남인,라정찬,김성훈,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Khil, Jae-Ho,Baek, Nam-In,Ra, Jeong-Chan,Kim, Sung-Hoon 대한동의생리학회 2005 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Bio-Q is a modified prescription with the activities of supplementing Qi and blood in human body. In the present study, immunomodulatory effect of Bio-Q was examined. After oral administration of Bio-Q for 7 days to Balb/c mice, splenocytes were isolated and immunological experiments were performed. Bio-Q significantly increased the proliferation of splenocytes exposed to concanavalin A (Con A), while it did not in case of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Bio-Q also significantly increased CD3/CD19, CD4/CDB and NK cells by flow cytometric analysis. In addition, Bio-Q significantly enhanced the level of $INF-\gamma$ in splenocytes, but not $TNF-\alpha$ by ELISA. These results strongly suggest that Bio-Q has immunomodulatory activity through the regulation of T cell mediated immune pathway.