비선형 전달함수 기반의 이미지 포맷 변환을 이용한 악성코드 무력화 기법

정동섭,이상준 한국지식정보기술학회 2019 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.3

Various bypass techniques have been developed to hide malicious code in image files among non-executable files. It is difficult to detect by reputation or signature-based antivirus methods when unknown malware is hidden. In this paper, we proposed a neutralizing method of hidden malicious code to analyze the structure of the original image file format and disable the malicious code through image data area conversion even if there is no prior information about the signatures or characteristics of malicious codes. The proposed method consists of image file extraction phase, file format analysis phase, file transformation phase, and management phase of transformation image file. In the image file transformation phase, header information transformation, specific string filtering transformation for additional information, and image pixel data transformation using nonlinear transfer function are performed. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, 10 malicious code - hidden image files among 48,220 of the latest malicious code (paid API) purchased from Virus Total Company were used in the experiment. After the file extraction phase, the format analysis phase, and the image file conversion phase for the neutralizing method, the experimental results show that the virus detection amount is reduced quantitatively and thus the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. In addition, by using the non-linear transfer function, the converted image file was able to neutralize the malicious code while maintaining the same quality as the original image, which could not be distinguished by the naked eye.

휴대장치 환경을 위한 프레임 단위의 영상 데이터 관리 시스템

최준혁(Jun-Hyeog Choi),윤경배(Kyung-Bae Yoon),한승진(Seung-Jin Han) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2008 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.13 No.7

본 논문은 프레임 단위의 영상을 탐색하기 위한 이미지 코드 생성 시스템으로, 이를 위해 시스템은 영상 내에 기계판독 및 식별 가능한 코드를 생성한 후, 생성된 코드를 이미지에 삽입한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 녹화일자, 녹화시간, 녹화장소 또는 촬영방향 등을 포함하는 녹화된 영상을 프레임 단위로 외부 노이즈에 상관없이 탐색할 수 있다. 시스템은 CCD 카메라와 전자나침반, GPS로부터 데이터를 입력받는 데이터 입력부와 GPS 위치값 및 방향값과 같은 연속된 값을 표현하기 위해 정해진 코드 생성 규칙을 적용하여 연속성을 갖는 데이터 영상코드를 생성하는 데이터 영상코드 생성부, 영상의 각 프레임에 데이터를 이미지로 삽입하는 이미지 삽입부로 구성된다. 또한 영상 내에 삽입된 이미지를 녹화과정, 복사과정 또는 보관과정에 있어서 외부로부터 추가된 노이즈에 대하여도 실시간으로 판독하며, 검색조건에 의해 영상 정보를 검색하는 영상 판독 검색부 및 제어부로 구성된다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘은 디코더를 이용하여 구현되었으며, 이를 이용하여 영상내에 데이터 코드를 손쉽게 삽입하고 검색할 수 있는 시스템을 제공함으로써 영상 검색에 대한 정확성과 사용 만족도를 극대화 시킬 수 있다. This paper proposes algorithm for the system that can search for an image of a frame unit, and we implement it. A system already inserts in images after generating the cord that mechanical decoding and identification are possible. We are independent of an external noise in a frame unit, and a system to propose at these papers can search for an image recorded by search condition to include recording date, recording time, a recording place or filming course etc. This system is composed by image insertion wealth to insert data to an image to data image code generation wealth, a frame generating data image code you apply a code generation rule to be fixed in order to express to a price to have continued like data entry wealth, GPS locator values and direction price receiving an image signal, image decoding signals and an image search signal to include search condition, and to have continuity from users each of an image. Also, image decoding we decipher about the noise that was already added from the outsides in a telerecording process, a copy process or storage processes inserted in images by real time, and searching image information by search condition. Consequently we implement decoder, and provide the early system that you use, and we easily insert data code among images. and we can search. and maximization can get precision regarding an image search and use satisfaction as we use algorithm to propose at these papers.

Color Image Coding Based on Shape-Adaptive All Phase Biorthogonal Transform

( Xiaoyan Wang ),( Chengyou Wang ),( Xiao Zhou ),( Zhiqiang Yang ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.1

This paper proposes a color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive all phase biorthogonal transform (SA-APBT). This algorithm is implemented through four procedures: color space conversion, image segmentation, shape coding, and texture coding. Region-of-interest (ROI) and background area are obtained by image segmentation. Shape coding uses chain code. The texture coding of the ROI is prior to the background area. SA-APBT and uniform quantization are adopted in texture coding. Compared with the color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive discrete cosine transform (SA-DCT) at the same bit rates, experimental results on test color images reveal that the objective quality and subjective effects of the reconstructed images using the proposed algorithm are better, especially at low bit rates. Moreover, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced because of uniform quantization.

새로운 교육매체로서 영상 미디어의 본성에 대한 교육철학적 고찰 : 빌렘 플루서의 ‘기술이미지’ 개념을 중심으로

이진호 ( Lee Jinho ),곽덕주 ( Kwak Duck-joo ) 한국교육철학학회(구 교육철학회) 2020 교육철학연구 Vol.42 No.4

본 논문은 우리나라 미디어 교육의 목적으로서 ‘미디어 리터러시’ 개념이 가진 개념적 한계를 지적하며, 미디어 커뮤니케이션 이론가인 빌렘 플루서(Vilem Flusser)의 ‘기술이미지(the technical image)’ 개념을 통해 미디어에 대한 새로운 교육적 관점을 탐색하는 데에 목적이 있다. 플루서의 이론은 ‘매체’ 자체보다는 매체가 전달하는 ‘코드’에 초점을 두어 오늘날 미디어의 핵심적 특징인 ‘영상’의 본성을 탐색한다. 이러한 플루서의 견해를 교육철학적으로 검토해보기 위하여 먼저 역사적으로 발전해 온 의사소통의 상징적 코드로서 ‘이미지’, ‘텍스트’ 그리고 ‘기술이미지’를 그것이 함의하는 사유 구조의 특징의 관점에서 살펴본다. 둘째, 오늘날 영상 매체의 핵심적 코드인 ‘기술이미지’를 만들기 위한 필수 조건이자 핵심적 구성기제인 ‘장치’와 ‘프로그램’ 개념을 검토한 뒤, 그런 장치의 프로그램이 조건 짓는 오늘날 인간의 존재 방식의 고유한 특징을 살펴본다. 마지막으로 이러한 ‘기술이미지’에 대한 이해가 함의하는 미디어 교육의 방향으로서, 유튜브(YouTube)와 같은 영상 미디어를 이용한 아이들의 자기표현 작업을 ‘사진가-사진기’와 같은 ‘인간-장치 연합 복합체’로 바라보며 이들의 작업이 창의적이고 정보적인 것이 될 수 있도록 안내할 수 있는 교육적 관점을 시험적으로 제안할 것이다. The paper aims at investigating the nature of visual media as ‘codes’ rather than ‘media’, proposed by Vilem Flusser. It begins by problematizing the current concept of ‘media literacy’ for its conceptual limitations to see if this investigation can provide us with a new way of viewing the media education in particular and education in general. To accomplish this purpose, it first examines the existential conditions of three different codes, the image, the text, and the technical image, which have historically developed one after another in this order. It shows that, while the image has a superficial and circulating structure of meanings as abstracted from the world, and the text a logical and lineal structure as abstracted from the image, the technical image has a structure of meaning as abstracted from the text where human intentions and the intention of the apparatuses are combined without any necessary connections between them. What is critical to the technical image as a code is an element of apparatus which has its own conceptual principle in creating the technical image, to which human intentions need to be adopted for their communication. Thus, in this post-industrial society in which the technical image is dominant, we are forced to live in a new form of existence as Homo Ludens. In this form of existence, we need to collaborate with apparatuses to express ourselves and communicate with others: being of a complex entity combined with an apparatus. In conclusion, it is proposed that media education needs to pursue for its educational aim fostering those who can encode and decode the technical images that young students tend to engage in their everyday life in the post-industrial society. This means that those well educated students are to be not only familiar with the code of technical images and apparatuses but also to be acquainted with the codes of the image and the text, given the existential condition of the technical image. We may also need to further explore the symbolic natures of the codes from the educational perspective to better accommodate educational practice through which three different codes of communication are to be fostered in balance in forming the minds of future generation in this post-industrial age.

활성 영역에 따른 웨이브렛 영상 부호화

박정호,김대중,곽훈성,Park, Jeong-Ho,Kim, Dae-Jung,Gwak, Hun-Seong 대한전자공학회 2002 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.39 No.2

본 논문에서는 공간 영상의 특성과 웨이브렛 변환 사이의 상관 관계를 이용한 새로운 영상 부호화 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 먼저 윈 영상을 2ⁿ×2ⁿ 크기의 블록으로 분할 한 후, 각 블록의 표준편차에 따라 변화가 없는 활성 영역(LAR)과 변화가 큰 활성 영역(HAR)으로 분류한다. 공간영역에서 저주파수 영역은 웨이브렛 변환 대역에서 zero region으로 나타나며, 영상의 복원에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 특성을 가지고 있다. 반면, 고주파수 영역은 영상의 복원에 있어 큰 영향을 미치는 중요계수와 관련이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 특성들을 이용하여 낮-은 비트율에서도 높은 압축률을 얻을 수 있는 부호화 기법을 제안한다. 영상 부호화를 위해 저주파수 영역은 본 논문에서 제안한 LAR 부호화 기법을 적용하고 고주파수 영역의 효율적인 부호화를 위해 계층적 트리에서 비트플레인 부호화 방식과 유사한 형태의 방법을 제안하고 이를 적용하였다. 실험결과 제안한 부호화 기법은 EZW 및 SPIHT 방식에 비해 복원화질 및 전송 비트율 모두 좋은 결과를 나타냄을 확인하였으며 점진적 전송이 요구되는 분야에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 예상한다. In this paper, we propose a new method for image coding which efficiently use the relationship between the properties of spatial image and its wavelet transform. Firstly, an original image is decomposed into several layers by the wavelet transform, and simultaneously decomposed into 2$^n$$\times$2$^n$blocks. Each block is classified into two regions according to their standard deviation, i.e., low activity region(LAR) and high activity region(HAR). The region with low frequency in spatial domain does not only appears as zero regions in wavelet frequency domain like HL, LH, and HH but also gives little influence to the quality of reconstructed image. The other side, the high frequency regions are related to significant coefficients which gives much influence to image reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a image coding method to obtain high compression rate at low bit rate by these properties. The LAR region is encoded by LAR coding method which is proposed in this paper, the HAR by a technique similar to bitplane coding in hierarchical tree. Simulation results show that th,$\boxUl$ proposed coding method has better performance than EZW and SPIHT schemes in terms of image quality and transmitted bit rates, can be successfully applied to the application areas that require of progressive transmission.

Subsampling-Based Image Tamper Detection and Recovery Using Quick Response Code

Wen-Chuan Wu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.7

Quick response (QR) code is the prevalent trademark for a type of matrix barcode symbol. That code is always scanned to efficiently acquire data, especially for mobile device users. It involves the capabilities of data storage, reliable readability and strong error correction. This paper utilizes these properties of a QR code to propose an image tamper detection and recovery scheme for grayscale images. The image to be protected is first subsampled and decomposed the principal energy compaction for image blocks. These are regarded as the image authentication and recovery data and then are encoded into the pattern of a QR code. The QR code is subsequently embedded into the original image. Experimental results showed that the authentication and recovery data in a QR code is able to sustain certain perceptible distortions such that the proposed scheme can detect tampered regions clearly and recover them roughly. Moreover, the proposed scheme also provides a better embedded image quality in comparison with the previous method.

브랜드이미지에 의한 텍스타일 디자인의 감성적 동화에 대한 연구

한기창(Ki Chang Han) 한국디자인문화학회 2008 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.14 No.4

The most important thing in textile design would be satisfaction of customer`s emotion. This could be crucial trend and culture-code. In the center of brand image, life style, which is influenced by global brand, could be one of crucial part for stimulating customer`s emotion. Though personal experience and recognition about brand, people identified themselves symbolizing with brand image and its design in today`s culture. Being luxury and classified, which is the customer`s ultimate ideal image, could be identified by brand image. It could become moment for revitalization of brand image design. It demand to designer what is efficient methode and how to express characteristic brand image on the textile design which can satisfy customer`s emotion at the same time. I have analysis some global brand image, and its design direction, process, effect in terms of total design for example like a Chanel, Louisvuitton, Burberry etc. And, also, I analysis what is the element for emotional touch as an technical part with theses examples. I emphasized and focused on brand image design, specially its direction and details, which give an influence customers emotion as an cultural trend. I made sum up for emotional design`s satisfies which is identified with brand image and emotion considering customer`s demands. For the first, I`d like to point out `consistency` for concept of brand managing. It should be consist of form of total design, which has concept of design work flow unification. From planning, design, making product, marketing, sales to service, It has to have relationship with consistency, which could motivated customer about brand image and emotion. The second, the notion of customer`s emotional satisfaction could be important in textile design in terms of brand image. This is not only indication functional and esthetics satisfaction, but also emotional satisfaction, which identified with brand image their demand. It is instinctive area for reptile`s brain. It means un-logical emotional satisfaction, because it is consuming`s main power by emotional satisfaction, and it is also symbolic element in physical, ecstatics point of view, which contained motive, pattern, color, source. If one, among of two instance, treated without attention, then the `Love Mark`, more ideal type form than brand can`t be hardly created. In concept of total design, which contain strategy, producing, translation of image through contact point between producing, and consuming As an result of fact, for the emotional potential, design element should be understood properly, and should be reflected with environmental element, and cultural trend.

3차원 정수 웨이브릿 변환과 리프팅 스텝을 이용한 3차원 무 손실 의료 영상 압축 방법에 대한 연구

김영섭 대한의료정보학회 2004 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.10 No.1

This paper focuses on lossless medical image compression methods for medical images that operate on three-dimensional(3-D) irreversible integer wavelet transform. We offer an application of the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees(SPIHT) algorithm to medical images, using a 3-D wavelet decomposition and a 3-D spatial dependence tree. The wavelet decomposition is accomplished with integer wavelet filters implemented with the lifting method, where careful scaling( 2) and truncations keep the integer precision and the transform unitary. We have tested our encoder on volumetric medical images using different integer filters and different coding unit sizes. The coding unit sizes of 16 slices save considerable dynamic memory(RAM) and coding delay from full sequence coding units used in previous works. Results show that, even with these small coding units, our algorithm with certain filters performs as well and better in lossless coding than previous coding systems using 3-D integer wavelet transforms on volumetric medical images.

이진 이미지를 위한 QR 코드 기반의 가역적인 데이터 은닉

김천식 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2014 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.6

QR 코드는 바코드보다 수백 배 많은 양의 데이터를 인코딩할 수 있도록 기능을 향상시킨 코드체계로서 이미 지 훼손에 강하다. 이러한 이유로 QR 코드는 최근에 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 예를 들어 항공권 티켓 (보딩 통 제 시스템), 푸드 (야채, 육류 이력) 추적 시스템, 콘택트렌즈 관리, 처방전 관리, 환자 손목밴드 (환자관리) 등에 사용 된다. 본 논문에서는 이진 이미지에 대한 가역적인 데이터은닉 방법을 제안한다. 가역적인 데이터 은닉방법은 스테고 이미지로부터 데이터를 추출한 후 원본 이미지를 복원할 수 있기 때문에서 다양한 목적으로 활용될 수 있다. QR 코드 는 누구나 코드를 생성할 수 있으므로 위조된 QR 코드를 이용하여 범죄에 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 방지 하기 위해서 이진 QR 코드 이미지에 인증 데이터를 은닉하여 위조여부를 확인할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 논문에서는 제 안한 방법은 실험을 통해서 입증을 하였다. QR code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code) is code system that is strong in against to apply image processing techniques (skew, warp, blur, and rotate) as QR codes can store several hundred times the amount of information carried by ordinary bar codes. For this reason, QR code is used in various fields, e.g., air ticket (boarding control system), food(vegetables, meat etc.) tracking system, contact lenses management, prescription management, patient wrist band (patient management) etc. In this paper, we proposed reversible data hiding for binary images. A reversible data hiding algorithm, which can recover the original image without any distortion from the marked (stego) image after the hidden data have been extracted, because it is possible to use various kinds of purposes. QR code can be used to generate by anyone so it can be easily used for crime. In order to prevent crimes related QR code, reversible data hiding can confirm if QR code is counterfeit or not as including authentication information. In this paper, we proved proposed method as experiments.

Transformations and Their Analysis from a RGBD Image to Elemental Image Array for 3D Integral Imaging and Coding

( Hoon Yoo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.5

This paper describes transformations between elemental image arrays and a RGBD image for three-dimensional integral imaging and transmitting systems. Two transformations are introduced and analyzed in the proposed method. Normally, a RGBD image is utilized in efficient 3D data transmission although 3D imaging and display is restricted. Thus, a pixel-to-pixel mapping is required to obtain an elemental image array from a RGBD image. However, transformations and their analysis have little attention in computational integral imaging and transmission. Thus, in this paper, we introduce two different mapping methods that are called as the forward and backward mapping methods. Also, two mappings are analyzed and compared in terms of complexity and visual quality. In addition, a special condition, named as the hole-free condition in this paper, is proposed to understand the methods analytically. To verify our analysis, we carry out experiments for test images and the results indicate that the proposed methods and their analysis work in terms of the computational cost and visual quality.