비선형 전달함수 기반의 이미지 포맷 변환을 이용한 악성코드 무력화 기법

정동섭,이상준 한국지식정보기술학회 2019 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.3

Various bypass techniques have been developed to hide malicious code in image files among non-executable files. It is difficult to detect by reputation or signature-based antivirus methods when unknown malware is hidden. In this paper, we proposed a neutralizing method of hidden malicious code to analyze the structure of the original image file format and disable the malicious code through image data area conversion even if there is no prior information about the signatures or characteristics of malicious codes. The proposed method consists of image file extraction phase, file format analysis phase, file transformation phase, and management phase of transformation image file. In the image file transformation phase, header information transformation, specific string filtering transformation for additional information, and image pixel data transformation using nonlinear transfer function are performed. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, 10 malicious code - hidden image files among 48,220 of the latest malicious code (paid API) purchased from Virus Total Company were used in the experiment. After the file extraction phase, the format analysis phase, and the image file conversion phase for the neutralizing method, the experimental results show that the virus detection amount is reduced quantitatively and thus the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. In addition, by using the non-linear transfer function, the converted image file was able to neutralize the malicious code while maintaining the same quality as the original image, which could not be distinguished by the naked eye.

Color Image Coding Based on Shape-Adaptive All Phase Biorthogonal Transform

( Xiaoyan Wang ),( Chengyou Wang ),( Xiao Zhou ),( Zhiqiang Yang ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.1

This paper proposes a color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive all phase biorthogonal transform (SA-APBT). This algorithm is implemented through four procedures: color space conversion, image segmentation, shape coding, and texture coding. Region-of-interest (ROI) and background area are obtained by image segmentation. Shape coding uses chain code. The texture coding of the ROI is prior to the background area. SA-APBT and uniform quantization are adopted in texture coding. Compared with the color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive discrete cosine transform (SA-DCT) at the same bit rates, experimental results on test color images reveal that the objective quality and subjective effects of the reconstructed images using the proposed algorithm are better, especially at low bit rates. Moreover, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced because of uniform quantization.

휴대장치 환경을 위한 프레임 단위의 영상 데이터 관리 시스템

최준혁(Jun-Hyeog Choi),윤경배(Kyung-Bae Yoon),한승진(Seung-Jin Han) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2008 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지 Vol.13 No.7

This paper proposes algorithm for the system that can search for an image of a frame unit, and we implement it. A system already inserts in images after generating the cord that mechanical decoding and identification are possible. We are independent of an external noise in a frame unit, and a system to propose at these papers can search for an image recorded by search condition to include recording date, recording time, a recording place or filming course etc. This system is composed by image insertion wealth to insert data to an image to data image code generation wealth, a frame generating data image code you apply a code generation rule to be fixed in order to express to a price to have continued like data entry wealth, GPS locator values and direction price receiving an image signal, image decoding signals and an image search signal to include search condition, and to have continuity from users each of an image. Also, image decoding we decipher about the noise that was already added from the outsides in a telerecording process, a copy process or storage processes inserted in images by real time, and searching image information by search condition. Consequently we implement decoder, and provide the early system that you use, and we easily insert data code among images. and we can search. and maximization can get precision regarding an image search and use satisfaction as we use algorithm to propose at these papers.

새로운 교육매체로서 영상 미디어의 본성에 대한 교육철학적 고찰 : 빌렘 플루서의 ‘기술이미지’ 개념을 중심으로

이진호 ( Lee Jinho ),곽덕주 ( Kwak Duck-joo ) 한국교육철학학회 2020 교육철학연구 Vol.42 No.4

The paper aims at investigating the nature of visual media as ‘codes’ rather than ‘media’, proposed by Vilem Flusser. It begins by problematizing the current concept of ‘media literacy’ for its conceptual limitations to see if this investigation can provide us with a new way of viewing the media education in particular and education in general. To accomplish this purpose, it first examines the existential conditions of three different codes, the image, the text, and the technical image, which have historically developed one after another in this order. It shows that, while the image has a superficial and circulating structure of meanings as abstracted from the world, and the text a logical and lineal structure as abstracted from the image, the technical image has a structure of meaning as abstracted from the text where human intentions and the intention of the apparatuses are combined without any necessary connections between them. What is critical to the technical image as a code is an element of apparatus which has its own conceptual principle in creating the technical image, to which human intentions need to be adopted for their communication. Thus, in this post-industrial society in which the technical image is dominant, we are forced to live in a new form of existence as Homo Ludens. In this form of existence, we need to collaborate with apparatuses to express ourselves and communicate with others: being of a complex entity combined with an apparatus. In conclusion, it is proposed that media education needs to pursue for its educational aim fostering those who can encode and decode the technical images that young students tend to engage in their everyday life in the post-industrial society. This means that those well educated students are to be not only familiar with the code of technical images and apparatuses but also to be acquainted with the codes of the image and the text, given the existential condition of the technical image. We may also need to further explore the symbolic natures of the codes from the educational perspective to better accommodate educational practice through which three different codes of communication are to be fostered in balance in forming the minds of future generation in this post-industrial age.

브랜드이미지에 의한 텍스타일 디자인의 감성적 동화에 대한 연구

한기창(Ki Chang Han) 한국디자인문화학회 2008 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.14 No.4

The most important thing in textile design would be satisfaction of customer`s emotion. This could be crucial trend and culture-code. In the center of brand image, life style, which is influenced by global brand, could be one of crucial part for stimulating customer`s emotion. Though personal experience and recognition about brand, people identified themselves symbolizing with brand image and its design in today`s culture. Being luxury and classified, which is the customer`s ultimate ideal image, could be identified by brand image. It could become moment for revitalization of brand image design. It demand to designer what is efficient methode and how to express characteristic brand image on the textile design which can satisfy customer`s emotion at the same time. I have analysis some global brand image, and its design direction, process, effect in terms of total design for example like a Chanel, Louisvuitton, Burberry etc. And, also, I analysis what is the element for emotional touch as an technical part with theses examples. I emphasized and focused on brand image design, specially its direction and details, which give an influence customers emotion as an cultural trend. I made sum up for emotional design`s satisfies which is identified with brand image and emotion considering customer`s demands. For the first, I`d like to point out `consistency` for concept of brand managing. It should be consist of form of total design, which has concept of design work flow unification. From planning, design, making product, marketing, sales to service, It has to have relationship with consistency, which could motivated customer about brand image and emotion. The second, the notion of customer`s emotional satisfaction could be important in textile design in terms of brand image. This is not only indication functional and esthetics satisfaction, but also emotional satisfaction, which identified with brand image their demand. It is instinctive area for reptile`s brain. It means un-logical emotional satisfaction, because it is consuming`s main power by emotional satisfaction, and it is also symbolic element in physical, ecstatics point of view, which contained motive, pattern, color, source. If one, among of two instance, treated without attention, then the `Love Mark`, more ideal type form than brand can`t be hardly created. In concept of total design, which contain strategy, producing, translation of image through contact point between producing, and consuming As an result of fact, for the emotional potential, design element should be understood properly, and should be reflected with environmental element, and cultural trend.

Subsampling-Based Image Tamper Detection and Recovery Using Quick Response Code

Wen-Chuan Wu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.7

Quick response (QR) code is the prevalent trademark for a type of matrix barcode symbol. That code is always scanned to efficiently acquire data, especially for mobile device users. It involves the capabilities of data storage, reliable readability and strong error correction. This paper utilizes these properties of a QR code to propose an image tamper detection and recovery scheme for grayscale images. The image to be protected is first subsampled and decomposed the principal energy compaction for image blocks. These are regarded as the image authentication and recovery data and then are encoded into the pattern of a QR code. The QR code is subsequently embedded into the original image. Experimental results showed that the authentication and recovery data in a QR code is able to sustain certain perceptible distortions such that the proposed scheme can detect tampered regions clearly and recover them roughly. Moreover, the proposed scheme also provides a better embedded image quality in comparison with the previous method.

활성 영역에 따른 웨이브렛 영상 부호화

박정호,김대중,곽훈성,Park, Jeong-Ho,Kim, Dae-Jung,Gwak, Hun-Seong 대한전자공학회 2002 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.39 No.2

본 논문에서는 공간 영상의 특성과 웨이브렛 변환 사이의 상관 관계를 이용한 새로운 영상 부호화 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 먼저 윈 영상을 2ⁿ×2ⁿ 크기의 블록으로 분할 한 후, 각 블록의 표준편차에 따라 변화가 없는 활성 영역(LAR)과 변화가 큰 활성 영역(HAR)으로 분류한다. 공간영역에서 저주파수 영역은 웨이브렛 변환 대역에서 zero region으로 나타나며, 영상의 복원에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 특성을 가지고 있다. 반면, 고주파수 영역은 영상의 복원에 있어 큰 영향을 미치는 중요계수와 관련이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 특성들을 이용하여 낮-은 비트율에서도 높은 압축률을 얻을 수 있는 부호화 기법을 제안한다. 영상 부호화를 위해 저주파수 영역은 본 논문에서 제안한 LAR 부호화 기법을 적용하고 고주파수 영역의 효율적인 부호화를 위해 계층적 트리에서 비트플레인 부호화 방식과 유사한 형태의 방법을 제안하고 이를 적용하였다. 실험결과 제안한 부호화 기법은 EZW 및 SPIHT 방식에 비해 복원화질 및 전송 비트율 모두 좋은 결과를 나타냄을 확인하였으며 점진적 전송이 요구되는 분야에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 예상한다. In this paper, we propose a new method for image coding which efficiently use the relationship between the properties of spatial image and its wavelet transform. Firstly, an original image is decomposed into several layers by the wavelet transform, and simultaneously decomposed into 2$^n$$\times$2$^n$blocks. Each block is classified into two regions according to their standard deviation, i.e., low activity region(LAR) and high activity region(HAR). The region with low frequency in spatial domain does not only appears as zero regions in wavelet frequency domain like HL, LH, and HH but also gives little influence to the quality of reconstructed image. The other side, the high frequency regions are related to significant coefficients which gives much influence to image reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a image coding method to obtain high compression rate at low bit rate by these properties. The LAR region is encoded by LAR coding method which is proposed in this paper, the HAR by a technique similar to bitplane coding in hierarchical tree. Simulation results show that th,$\boxUl$ proposed coding method has better performance than EZW and SPIHT schemes in terms of image quality and transmitted bit rates, can be successfully applied to the application areas that require of progressive transmission.

스테레오 영상에서 움직임 벡터를 이용한 고속 변이 벡터 추정

도남금(Nam-Keum Doh),김태용(Tae-Yong Kim) 大韓電子工學會 2009 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.46 No.5

Stereoscopic images consist of the left image and the right image. Thus, stereoscopic images have much amounts of data than single image. Then an efficient image compression technique is needed, the DPCM- based predicted coding compression technique is used in most video coding standards. Motion and disparity estimation are needed to realize the predicted coding compression technique. Their performing algorithm is block matching algorithm used in most video coding standards. Full search algorithm is a base algorithm of block matching algorithm which finds an optimal block to compare the base block with every other block in the search area. This algorithm presents the best efficiency for finding optimal blocks, but it has very large computational loads. In this paper, we have proposed fast disparity estimation algorithm using motion and disparity vector information of the prior frame in stereo image coding. We can realize fast disparity vector estimation in order to reduce search area by taking advantage of global disparity vector and to decrease computational loads by limiting search points using motion vectors and disparity vectors of prior frame. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in the simple image sequence than complex image sequence. We conclude that the fast disparity vector estimation is possible in simple image sequences by reducing computational complexities. 스테레오 영상은 단일 영상과는 달리 오른쪽과 왼쪽, 2개의 영상으로 구성되어 있기 때문에 단일 영상에 비하여 더욱 많은 데이터량을 가지게 된다. 따라서 이를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 영상 압축 기술이 필요하게 되었고, 이를 위해 DPCM기반의 예측 부호화 압축 기술을 대부분의 비디오 압축 표준에서 사용한다. 예측 부호화 기술의 구현을 위해 움직임 추정 및 변이 추정이 필요한데 이를 수행하는 알고리즘으로 여러 가지 비디오 코딩 표준들에서 블록 정합 알고리즘을 사용한다. 블록 정합 알고리즘 중 완전탐색 알고리즘은 기준 블록을 탐색영역 안에 존재하는 모든 블록과 비교하여 최적의 블록을 찾아낸다. 이 알고리즘은 최적의 블록을 찾을 수 있어 효율은 좋으나 많은 연산량이 단점이 된다. 본 논문에서는 스테레오 영상에서 움직임 벡터 정보와 전 프레임의 변이 벡터 정보를 이용하여 고속으로 현재 프레임의 변이 벡터를 추정할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다. 변이 벡터 추정시 전역 변이 벡터를 사용하여 탐색 영역을 줄이고, 전 프레임들 사이에서 구한 변이 벡터 정보를 재사용하면서 움직임 벡터 정보를 이용하여 탐색 위치를 제한함으로 연산량을 줄여 고속의 변이 벡터 추정을 가능하게 하였다. 실험결과 제안 알고리즘은 움직임이 많은 복잡 영상 보다는 움직임이 적은 단순 영상에서의 성능이 훨씬 뛰어났으며, 움직임이 적은 단순 영상에서의 변이 벡터 추정 시에 약간의 residual 증가는 있지만 빠른 처리 속도를 제공하여 고속의 변이 벡터 추정을 가능하게 함을 확인하였다.

Transformations and Their Analysis from a RGBD Image to Elemental Image Array for 3D Integral Imaging and Coding

( Hoon Yoo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.5

This paper describes transformations between elemental image arrays and a RGBD image for three-dimensional integral imaging and transmitting systems. Two transformations are introduced and analyzed in the proposed method. Normally, a RGBD image is utilized in efficient 3D data transmission although 3D imaging and display is restricted. Thus, a pixel-to-pixel mapping is required to obtain an elemental image array from a RGBD image. However, transformations and their analysis have little attention in computational integral imaging and transmission. Thus, in this paper, we introduce two different mapping methods that are called as the forward and backward mapping methods. Also, two mappings are analyzed and compared in terms of complexity and visual quality. In addition, a special condition, named as the hole-free condition in this paper, is proposed to understand the methods analytically. To verify our analysis, we carry out experiments for test images and the results indicate that the proposed methods and their analysis work in terms of the computational cost and visual quality.

3차원 정수 웨이브릿 변환과 리프팅 스텝을 이용한 3차원 무 손실 의료 영상 압축 방법에 대한 연구

김영섭 대한의료정보학회 2004 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.10 No.1

This paper focuses on lossless medical image compression methods for medical images that operate on three-dimensional(3-D) irreversible integer wavelet transform. We offer an application of the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees(SPIHT) algorithm to medical images, using a 3-D wavelet decomposition and a 3-D spatial dependence tree. The wavelet decomposition is accomplished with integer wavelet filters implemented with the lifting method, where careful scaling( 2) and truncations keep the integer precision and the transform unitary. We have tested our encoder on volumetric medical images using different integer filters and different coding unit sizes. The coding unit sizes of 16 slices save considerable dynamic memory(RAM) and coding delay from full sequence coding units used in previous works. Results show that, even with these small coding units, our algorithm with certain filters performs as well and better in lossless coding than previous coding systems using 3-D integer wavelet transforms on volumetric medical images.