발달장애인 그룹홈의 거주유형별 공간적 특성 분석에 관한 연구 - 경기도 장애인 그룹홈의 내부환경과 지역사회 환경을 중심으로 -

최승현 ( Choi Seunghyeon ),김정빈 ( Kim Jungbin ) 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.8

(Background and Purpose) In 2020, the government declared the establishment of a safe community environment and the development of various types of group-home facilities for the disabled. Group homes for the disabled―known to have a positive effect on fostering independence and sociality for the developmentally disabled―are steadily increasing every year and can be expected to expand supply due to de-facility policies. However, no research has been conducted focusing on urban spaces for disabled group homes. (Method) Based on the fact that group homes for the disabled have an ideology of social integration between the developmentally disabled and mainstream society, this study was conducted in the area of Gyeonggi-do, which is highly likely to practice social integration. By constructing spatial data on group homes for the disabled, a spatially centered categorization process of facilities was performed. Subsequently, to analyze the spatial characteristics of group homes for the disabled by type, focusing on understanding the characteristics of residents, representative facilities were selected and field visits were conducted. Furthermore, based on interviews with workers and the characteristics and activities of residents, the spatial characteristics of the internal and community environments of group homes for the disabled by type were derived. (Results) First, by constructing basic status and spatial information data centered on the group homes for the disabled in Gyeonggi-do, it was confirmed that these group homes operate in various locations in Gyeonggi-do. Among them, group homes with multifamily housing and apartment types were selected as the main types of housing in general residential areas, whereas single-family housing and social welfare facilities were selected as the main types of housing in non-residential areas. By analyzing the internal and community environment of the group homes for the disabled by type, it was confirmed that the location of these group homes affected the diversity of residents’ weekly activities and the approach between social adaptation training facilities. (Conclusion) First, institutional supplementation is required so that convenience facilities for the disabled can be installed in detached, multifamily, and multifamily houses with fewer than 10 households. Second, in the case of housing types in general residential areas, excluding apartments, a walking environment with pedestrian separation is required to ensure safe community participation activities of residents. Third, it is necessary to establish accessible infrastructure and welfare services so that residents of group homes for the disabled in nonresidential areas can participate in community activities and conduct adaptation training.

보호종료아동의 자립 지원 방향: 자립형 그룹홈에서 생활한 경험을 중심으로

안태구,길건혁,마미나,김주하,주해란 한국청소년학회 2022 청소년학연구 Vol.29 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the background of the self-reliant group home residence, the experience in self-reliant group home, and the form of self-reliant group home to the self-reliant group home of the children who have been released from the child care facility at the age of 18 and who have been living in the self-reliant group home.,For this purpose, qualitative case study was conducted on 6 children who had experience living in self-reliant group home operated by Seoul city.,The results of the analysis were as follows: First, fear and intimidation at the time of discharge became the background of entering the self-reliant group home.,Second, the self-reliant group home felt protected but free; third, the self-reliant group home helped to prepare for independence.,I felt that I was financially supported by being able to save the cost of being spent in an independent group home.,Fourth, the self-reliant group home allows the teachers to form and maintain a social support system with their teachers in the facility, and they are constantly provided with useful information while maintaining a natural relationship.,Therefore, the satisfaction of the children who have completed the protection of self-reliance in the self-supporting group home was high, and based on the results of this study, the implications for the support plan for the self-reliance of the children who have completed the protection are presented. 본 연구는 만18세에 아동양육시설을 퇴소하고 자립형 그룹홈에서 생활하는 보호종료아동을 대상으로 자립형 그룹홈에서 거주하게 된 배경과 자립형 그룹홈에서의 경험, 자립형 그룹홈은 어떤 형태로 보호종료아동들에게 자립을 지원하고 있는지 탐색해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울시에서 운영하는 자립형 그룹홈에서 생활한 경험이 있는 보호종료아동 6명을 대상으로 질적사례연구를 진행하였다. 분석 결과 4개의 주범주와 4개의 하위범주가 도출되었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 퇴소 시점에 겪는 두려움과 막막함은 자립형 그룹홈에 입소하게된 배경이 되었다. 둘째, 자립형 그룹홈은 보호받지만 자유롭다는 감정을 느꼈다. 셋째, 자립을 준비하기 위해서 목돈을 마련하는데 자립형 그룹홈이 도움이 된다고 한다. 자립형 그룹홈에서 생활하면서 필수적으로 지출되어야 하는 비용 또한 절감할 수 있어서 경제적인 지원을 받았다고 느꼈다. 넷째, 자립형 그룹홈은 시설 내 선생님과의 사회적 지지체계를 형성하고 유지할 수 있게 해준다. 자연스럽게 관계가 유지되면서 유익한 정보를 꾸준하게 제공받고 있었다. 따라서 자립형 그룹홈에서 자립 준비를 하는 보호종료아동의 만족도는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 근거로 하여 보호종료아동의 자립 지원 방안에 대한 시사점을 제시한다.

장애인 공동생활가정의 인권현황과 개선방안

임주리 ( Im Ju Ri ),김유리 ( Kim Yu Jeong ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2016 法과 政策 Vol.22 No.3

After the initial operation of group home for the disabled in 1981, currently (end of 2015) total 717 group homes are installed/operated in the whole nation of Korea. As the most ideal-type of residence for people with developmental disabilities, demands for group home are increasing. However, the support service or financial support from the government is not sufficient. As it is operated by a single social rehabilitation teacher for four people with disabilities, the turnover rate of social rehabilitation teachers is very high, so that it is tough to operate it normally. Because social rehabilitation teachers` satisfaction has a complementary relation with the guarantee of human rights of the disabled, the poor working condition is eventually led to poor service and human rights issues. Based on it, this paper suggests improvement measures like below to guarantee human rights of social rehabilitation teachers and residents with disabilities of group home. In order to guarantee human rights of the disabled, first, the laws and legislations should be modified to be suitable for policies of small-size housing facilities following a theory of normalization and social unification of the disabled pursued by group home. Second, As residents with disabilities of group home can have sexual relations with others, form marital relations, get pregnant, give birth, and raise children, the Welfare of the Disabled Act needs to define preventive education or post processing regarding the relevant issues. Third, diverse types of group homes should be operated by considering the characteristics of residents and changes in desires for service at group home. Fourth,education about responsibilities of facility directors and education about human rights for social rehabilitation teachers should be reinforced. Next, in order to guarantee human rights of workers like social rehabilitation teachers, first, group home cannot be properly operated by a single social rehabilitation teacher, so that the state or local government should support additional labor cost. Second, revising the Labor Standard Act, the Article 59 of it should be applied to group home for the disabled with four workers and less. Third, revising the `Law for Labor Conditions Improvement of Social Worker`, the payment of social rehabilitation teachers should be actualized. Fourth, the group home support should be reinforced by transferring projects related to group home to the center. Fifth, each local government should install group home support centers to provide diverse supports such as support of substitute workers, educational support, and operational support to group home. Sixth, such high turnover rates of social rehabilitation teachers can be led to the severance of operation and qualitative decline of service, so that the standardized operating manual should be produced/distributed to prevent this problem in advance.

발달장애인 그룹홈의 거주유형별 공간적 특성 분석에 관한 연구 - 경기도 장애인 그룹홈의 내부환경과 지역사회 환경을 중심으로 -

최승현,김정빈 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.8

(연구배경 및 목적) 2020년 정부는 장애인을 위한 안전한 지역사회 환경의 구축과 장애인 그룹홈 시설의 유형 개발을 선언하였다. 매년 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 발달장애인에게 자립과 사회성 함양에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려진 장애인 그룹홈은 탈시설 정책으로 인한 공급 확대를 기대할 수 있겠지만, 장애인 그룹홈을 대상으로 도시공간 중심의 연구는 수행된 바가 없는 실정이다. (연구방법) 장애인 그룹홈이 발달장애인과 주류사회와의 사회통합을 이념으로 삼는 점을 토대로, 사회통합 실천 가능성이 높은 경기도 지역을 연구의 범위로 삼아 연구를 수행하였다. 그리고 장애인 그룹홈의 공간정보 데이터를 구축하여 시설의 공간 중심 유형화 과정을 수행하였다. 이후 거주자의 특성에 대한 이해를 중심으로 유형별 장애인 그룹홈의 공간적 특성을 분석하기 위해 대표 시설을 선정하여 현장방문을 수행하였다. 그리고 종사자 간 인터뷰, 거주자의 특성과 활동 내용을 토대로 유형별 장애인 그룹홈의 내부환경과 지역사회 환경의 공간적 특성을 도출하였다. (결과) 먼저 경기도의 장애인 그룹홈을 중심으로 기초 현황 및 공간정보 데이터를 구축한 결과, 장애인 그룹홈은 경기도의 다양한 입지를 중심으로 운영중인 것으로 확인되었다. 그 중 일반주거지역 내에는 다가구주택, 다세대주택, 아파트 유형의 그룹홈이 주요 주거유형으로 선정되었고, 비주거지역 내에는 단독주택과 사회복지시설 유형이 주요 주거 유형으로 선정되었다. 유형별 대표 장애인 그룹홈의 내부와 지역사회 환경을 분석한 결과, 장애인 그룹홈의 입지지역은 거주자의 주간 활동의 다양성과 사회 적응훈련 시설 간 접근 방식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. (결론) 첫째, 단독주택과 다가구주택 및 10세대 미만의 다세대주택에 장애인 편의시설이 설치될 수 있도록 제도적 보완이 요구된다. 둘째, 아파트 유형을 제외한 일반주거지역 내 주거유형의 경우 거주자들의 안전한 지역사회 참여활동을 보장할 수 있도록 보차분리가 적용된 보행환경이 요구된다. 셋째, 비주거지역 내 장애인 그룹홈의 거주자들이 지역사회 활동에 참여하고 적응훈련을 수행할 수 있도록 접근성을 갖춘 인프라와 복지서비스의 구축이 요구된다. (Background and Purpose) In 2020, the government declared the establishment of a safe community environment and the development of various types of group-home facilities for the disabled. Group homes for the disabled—known to have a positive effect on fostering independence and sociality for the developmentally disabled—are steadily increasing every year and can be expected to expand supply due to de-facility policies. However, no research has been conducted focusing on urban spaces for disabled group homes. (Method) Based on the fact that group homes for the disabled have an ideology of social integration between the developmentally disabled and mainstream society, this study was conducted in the area of Gyeonggi-do, which is highly likely to practice social integration. By constructing spatial data on group homes for the disabled, a spatially centered categorization process of facilities was performed. Subsequently, to analyze the spatial characteristics of group homes for the disabled by type, focusing on understanding the characteristics of residents, representative facilities were selected and field visits were conducted. Furthermore, based on interviews with workers and the characteristics and activities of residents, the spatial characteristics of the internal and community environments of group homes for the disabled by type were derived. (Results) First, by constructing basic status and spatial information data centered on the group homes for the disabled in Gyeonggi-do, it was confirmed that these group homes operate in various locations in Gyeonggi-do. Among them, group homes with multifamily housing and apartment types were selected as the main types of housing in general residential areas, whereas single-family housing and social welfare facilities were selected as the main types of housing in non-residential areas. By analyzing the internal and community environment of the group homes for the disabled by type, it was confirmed that the location of these group homes affected the diversity of residents’ weekly activities and the approach between social adaptation training facilities. (Conclusion) First, institutional supplementation is required so that convenience facilities for the disabled can be installed in detached, multifamily, and multifamily houses with fewer than 10 households. Second, in the case of housing types in general residential areas, excluding apartments, a walking environment with pedestrian separation is required to ensure safe community participation activities of residents. Third, it is necessary to establish accessible infrastructure and welfare services so that residents of group homes for the disabled in nonresidential areas can participate in community activities and conduct adaptation training.

공동생활가정 퇴소 청소년들의 자립에 관한 질적연구

이슬기,양성은 한국생활과학회 2019 한국생활과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

A group home is a small welfare facility that protects and nurtures children and youth in situations wherein parents are not functioning properly. Although existing literature reports psychological characteristics, behavioral problems, and school adaptation of youth living in a group home, there is a lack of studies on independent living of youth after leaving the group home. There is a need to explore what group home youth experience and what challenges they face to achieve self-reliance. The purpose of this study was to examine the process of youth achieving independence after leaving the group home. Participants, who had left the group home and achieved independent living, were recruited for this study. In-depth individual interviews, based on the interpretive science paradigm, were conducted for data collection, and the theme analysis method was applied for data analysis. The results highlight the transition from their group home experience to life after leaving the group home. Participants discussed interpersonal relationships and preparation for independence in the group home, and shared their struggle in achieving psychological and economic independence after leaving the group home. The findings may suggest practical implications for group home youth and for the professionals working with them. 공동생활가정은 부모가 적절히 기능하지 못하는 상황의 아동을 보호하고 양육하기 위해 운영되는 소규모 아동복지시설이다. 공동생활가정에 거주하는 아동의 심리적 특성, 행동문제, 학교 적응 등에 관한 연구는 일부 이루어졌으나 공동생활가정에서 퇴소한 후 청소년들이 수행해야하는 자립에 관한 연구는 미비하다. 매해 공동생활가정에서 퇴소하는 청소년들은 증가하고 있지만 이들이 자립을 위해 실제적으로 어떠한 준비를 해야 하며, 퇴소 후 자립과정에서 겪는 도전은 무엇인지에 대한 심층적 분석은 부족한 상태이다. 본 연구는 해석주의적 인식론에 입각하여 공동생활가정에서 생활하던 청소년들의 퇴소한 후 자립과정을 고찰하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구참여자들은 공동생활가정에서 평균 6년 이상을 거주한 후 퇴소한 9명의 청소년을 선정하고, 개별심층면접을 통해 질적자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과는 자립에 영향을 미치는 이전 공동생활가정 경험 및 퇴소 후의 삶이 중심영역으로 도출되었다. 연구참여자들은 공동생활가정의 경험에서 대인관계와 자립프로그램, 퇴소 후 자립의 경험에서는 경제적 자립과 심리적 자립에 대해 논의하였다. 본 연구결과는 공동생활가정에서 퇴소를 준비하는 청소년들 및 자립에 어려움을 겪는 퇴소자들을 위한 실천적 방안에 시사점을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

有料 치매노인 그룹홈에 대한 韓國人의 認識과 集團間 差異 硏究

김대년 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.3

Recently, group homes have been adapted as a housing alternative for the elderly with dementia in order to lessen the burden on families as well as to promote the well-being of the dementia victims themselves in many countries. Group homes are usually small scale with a home-like atmosphere creating a therapeutic environment. The purpose of this study was to identify Koreans' perception of fee-based group homes for the elderly with dementia and differences in perception between group. The survey was conducted through questionnaires collected from 912 respondents currently living in Seoul and five provinces in Korea. The results of the survey were as follows: The respondents thought 1) the merits of group homes included decreasing the loneliness of the elderly, providing an active and stimulating environment, and lessening the emotional and physical burden on the caring families: 2) the demerits included the economic burden on the caring family and the difficulty of finding sites for group homes. A family's feeling of guilt associated with admitting their parents into group homes was not such a big problem as expected. There were several significant differences in perceptions of fee-based group homes between groups divided by sex, level of education, monthly income, structural type of current dwelling, responsibilities of care, desired living environment for demented elderly and others. Based on the results of this study, it is asserted that group homes for the elderly with dementia would be embraced throughout the country if some associated problems can be solved.

장애인 그룹홈 거주자의 정주감과 주거환경개선 욕구에 관한 연구

백은령,이은미 한국장애인복지학회 2012 한국장애인복지학 Vol.- No.19

본 연구는 포커스그룹인터뷰를 통해 그룹홈 거주자들의 정주감과 주거환경개선 욕구에 대해 살펴보고자 시도되었다. 그룹홈과 자립홈 거주 경험을 모두 가지고 있는 거주자 5명과 사회재활교사 5명을 대상으로 각각 그룹인터뷰를 진행하고 분석한 결과, 총 4개의 범주, 12개의 하위 범주, 25개의 소주제들이 나타났다. 분석된 네 가지 범주와 하위 범주를 구체적으로 살펴보면 그룹홈에 대한 정주감 차이요인(원가정/무연고 요인, 그룹홈의 의미, 독립의지 및 준비, 그룹홈 내 관계), 그룹홈을 ‘집’으로 느끼는데 방해 또는 도움이 되는 환경요소(방해요소, 도움요소), 거주자 중심의 주거환경 개선 필요 사항 및 한계(독립성 보장을 위해 개별 공간 확보, 장애를 고려한 생활기구 설치, 위험 및 주거불편요소 개선, 독립 공간 사용), 거주자 자립에 영향을 미치는 요인(교사공간, 보호와 관리 대 자립훈련의 딜레마)등이었다. 이러한 분석결과에 기초해서 장애인 그룹홈 뿐만 아니라 거주시설에 생활하는 장애인들이 시설을 집과 같이 편안하게 느끼기 위해서 개선되어야 할 정책적, 실천적 방안을 모색하였다. This study aimed at finding out how group home residents with disability feel about their residence and what are the needs on improvement of their residential environments. Focus group interviews were used for data collection in two groups, one of 5 participants of people with disability who have residence experience of group home as well as independent living experience home, the other of 5 staff members of the residential houses for people with disability. The results are analysed into 4 categories, 12 sub-categories, 25 sub-themes as follows. First category is factors which make difference of settlement consciousness in group home setting(whether the residents have ties with original family or not, what meaning does the residents give to the group home, preparation level or willness for independent living, relationship with residents at group home). Second category is environmental factors which disturb or support for the settlement consciousness about the group home. Third category is items which need improvement regarding their residence and limitation of group home life(individual space for independence, living supplies for user friendly for residents with disability, improvement of risky and inconvenient factors, using independent space). Fourth category is impact factors for residents' independence(space for staff, care and management vs dilemma for independent living training). Considering with the results, this study made a number of suggestions for policy and practice for the improvement of residence for people with disability in order to make the residence more homely and comfortable.

그룹홈 아동 심리치료 지원의 필요성 및 제공방안

박은미 ( Park Eun Mie ) 한국아동보호학회 2020 아동보호연구 Vol.5 No.1

그룹홈에서 보호되고 있는 아동은 친부모와 분리되는 과정에서 다양한 부정적인 경험을 하며, 배치 이후에도 낯선 환경과 사람, 생활방식에 적응하는 과정에서 상당한 스트레스와 적응 상의 어려움을 경험하며 심리·정서적 문제나 행동문제를 보이기도 한다. 이에 대해 심리치료의 필요성이 강조되고 있으며, 아동양육시설과 가정위탁지원센터 등에는 임상심리치료 인력이 배치되어 심리치료가 제공될 수 있는 여건이 갖추어 지고 있지만, 최소한의 인력이 배치되어 있는 그룹홈의 경우 심리치료 전문인력도 없고, 외부 심리치료를 받기 위해 아동과 동행하거나 예산 확보에도 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보호대상아동의 현황 및 지원내용을 파악하고, 그룹홈에서 보호되고 있는 아동에 대한 심리치료의 필요성과 심리치료를 받을 수 있도록 지원할 필요성에 대해 살펴본 후, 이에 기초하여 적절한 심리치료를 제공할 수 있는 방안을 모색할 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구를 통해, 그룹홈 아동 심리치료 지원 사업의 사례에 기초하여, 그룹홈 유형을 다양화하여 집중치료형 그룹홈을 설치할 것과 지역의 그룹홈을 센터형으로 연계하고 거점센터를 선정한 후 거점센터에 치료실과 치료사를 배치할 것, 순회 방문심리치료 서비스의 제도화와 순회 방문치료를 위한 심리치료 차량 운영을 그룹홈 아동에 대한 심리치료 제공방안으로 제안하였다. Children lived at group homes experience various negative experiences in the process of separating themselves from their biological parents, experiencing considerable stress and adaptation difficulties in adapting to unfamiliar environments, people, and lifestyles, and also show psychological and emotional problems or behavioral problems. Therfore the need for psychological treatment has been emphasized, and clinical psychotherapy personnel are deployed at child welfare institutions and foster care centers, but group homes with minimal manpower do not have psychotherapy professionals, and it is difficult to accompany children for psychotherapy or secure budgets for those services. The purpose of this study was to understand the current status and services of children under out of home care, to explore the need for psychological treatment and the need to provide psychological treatment for children at group homes, and to find ways to provide appropriate psychotherapy. Based on the case study of Group Home Children's Psychotherapy Support Project, the several provisional strategies for psychological therapy for group home children were suggested. The first one was diversifyinf group home type and run intensive care group homes. The second one was to link the several local group homes, and select a hub center among those local group homes and set up a treatment room and place a therapist at the hub center. The third one was to set up the tour psychotherapy services and psychotherapy Vihicle operation.

그룹홈에 입소해 성장한 공동생활가정 시설장 생애사 연구

박현정,정익중 이화여자대학교 사회복지연구소 2024 사회복지 실천과 연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 그룹홈에 입소해 성장한 공동생활가정 시설장의 생애 경험을 이해하는것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 한 명의 시설장을 참여자로 한 심층면접을 활용하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 생애사 접근을 활용하여 분석하였다. 자료분석 과정은 먼저 연구참여자의인생 이야기를 서술한 후, 연구참여자의 시설 운영 경험에서 나타난 의미 있는 주제들을 파악하여 기술하고 해석하였다. 연구참여자의 생애 경험은 “유년기 : 가정폭력으로부터 보호막이 없던 시기”, “청소년기 : 그룹홈 입소로 평범한 일상 누리기”, “성인기 : 그룹홈 입사로역할 전환기”로 나누어졌다. 그룹홈 시설장으로 오늘을 살아내는 주제 분석은 “그룹홈 시설장으로서 아동 양육 태도 : 역지사지(易地思之)”, “시설운영의 고충 : 버텨내기”로 제시하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 그룹홈에서 성장한 공동생활가정 시설장을 지원하기 위한 아동복지실천의 방향들을 제언하였다. The purpose of this study is to understand the life experience of a group home facility director who has been raised up in a group home during childhood. For this purpose, this study gathered necessary materials via in-depth interviews with a participant working as a group home facility director and then analyzed them with the life history approach. The process of content analysis consisted of depicting life history of the research participant and then trying to identify and interpret meaningful themes that stood out from the participant’s experience of facility management. The life history of the research participant was divided into three phases: childhood period when there was no protection from domestic violence and child abuse, adolescence period when normal life was led through entering into a group home, and adult period when different roles were played within the group home. Theme analysis suggests that: 1) the group home director’s attitude toward raising children can be characterized as putting oneself in someone else’s shoes; and 2) the predicament of facility management can be characterized as putting up endurance. Based on these research results, this study suggests some directions for a desirable child welfare policy to support a group home facility director who has been raised up in a group home.

비교론적 고찰을 통한 지적장애인 그룹홈에 관한 한국형 모형 탐색

김정수 한국비교정부학회 2010 한국비교정부학보 Vol.14 No.2

A Group home is where 3~4 of the Handicaps live in a normal residence in the community and supervised by and living with a 'home-helper' who is a qualified social worker. This study is a case of Group homes which is one of the public facilities for the intelligently handicapped(mentally retarded). For the comparative criteria, legal & public administrative factors, facility factors, human resources factors and financial factors were selected. Through these research purposes we can look into the implications that can be applied to the Korean group homes, and further more propose a Korean group home model which is modified from that of the advanced welfare states system. The conclusion was drawn as follows. First, the group home has no unified form of related provisions. Secondly, the group homes residential form is overly monolithic. Thirdly, is the necessity of restructuring the current group home living guidance instructor system. Fourth, the most difficult problem in managing a group home is the problem of insuring the housing and budgeting.