전염병 데이터시각화에 관한 연대기별 고찰

김민정(Kim , Min Jung) 한국디자인문화학회 2020 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.26 No.3

본 연구는 (재)한국연구재단의 지원을 받은 ‘전염병 데이터 기반의 지리공간 시각화 전략 연구’의 초기연구로써 다음의 목적을 갖는다. 지도 기반의 전염병 데이터시각화의 과거 사례들을 통해 질병데이터가 어떻게 시각화됐는지를 통찰한다. 연구방법은 선행연구와 문헌 및 웹사이트 등을 통해 약 50여 개의 질병데이터 지도 사례를 수집하여 분석하였다. 다만 본 연구를 위한 질병 데이터시각화 사례는 서구권 자료로 한정한다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 질병데이터에 관한 디자인 관점의 선행연구는 이제 시작단계이다. 따라서 질병데이터 시각화 역시 사용자 경험을 고려한 디자인적 연구가 필요하다. 둘째, 코로나19를 겪으며 세계 각국은 전염병의 추이를 확인할 수 있는 대시보드를 제작 및 운영하고 있다. 이들 대부분은 지도와 함께 그래프, 숫자, 테이블 등과 같은 인터랙티브 콘텐츠들과 통합적으로 구성되어 있으며, 이는 과거의 질병 지도로부터 많은 영향을 받은 것이다. 셋째, 17세기 말 ‘아리에타 질병 지도(1691)’를 통해 감염지역이 삽화와 선, 그리고 이니셜 등이 활용되어 구분되었다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이후 18세기 말부터는 황열병에 대한 지리적 표현으로 발생지와 사망자 위치, 그리고 오염구역을 표현하며, 전염병에 대한 역학적 조사가 시작되었다. 19세기 들어, 통계학의 발현으로 질병데이터의 시각화 연구가 활발히 진행되었으며, 이는 현대적 질병데이터 대시보드의 시각적 초석이 되었다고 할 수 있다. 이후 컴퓨터의 등장으로 인한 질병 지도의 표현은 GIS 기술과 기반을 같이 하며, 동적 구현 및 상호작용이 가능했기 때문에 사용자가 지도를 확대 및 축소하거나, 위치를 이동, 자세한 정보를 개별적으로 파악할 수 있게 되었다. 질병데이터 시각화의 궁극적인 목적은 전염병의 확산을 막는 것이며, 이러한 시각적 자료를 통해 우리는 미래를 예측하고 또 예방할 수 있다. 본 연구는 디지털기기 등장 이전의 사례들을 중점적으로 언급하였으며, 이에 향후 질병 중심 데이터시각화의 기초 자료로써 활용되기를 기대한다. This study is an early study of ‘a strategy for visualizing geographical space based on infectious disease data’ supported by the Korea Research Foundation and has the following purposes. Past cases of map-based epidemic data visualization provide insight into how disease data has been visualized. The research method collected and analyzed about 50 cases of disease data mapping through prior research and literature and websites. However, the case of visualizing disease data for this study is limited to Western data. The results of the study are as follows. First, prior research of design perspective on disease data is now in the beginning stage. Therefore, visualizing disease data also requires design research considering user experience. Second, after suffering from Covid-19, countries around the world are producing and operating dashboards to check the trend of infectious disease. Most of these are integrated with interactive content such as graph, numbers, tables, etc. along with maps, which have been heavily influenced by past disease maps. Third, the “Arieta Disease Map (1691)” at the end of the 17th century showed that the infected areas were distinguished by the use of illustrations, lines, and initials. Later, from the end of the 18th century, the geographical expression of yellow fever, expressed the location of the outbreak, the location of the dead, and the contaminated zone, and the epidemiological investigation of the infectious disease began. In the 19th century, the emergence of statistics led to the active study of visualization of disease data, which became the visual cornerstone of modern disease data dashboard. Since then, the presentation of disease maps due to the advent of computers has been based on GIS technology, and dynamic implementation and interaction have enabled users to zoom in and out on the map, shift locations, and get detailed information individually. The ultimate purpose of disease data visualization is to prevent the spread of infectious disease, and through these visual data we can predict and prevent the future. This study focused on the cases before the appearance of digital devices, and it is expected to be used as a basis for disease data visualization in the future.

질병으로 보는 에도(江戸)시대 : 이하라 사이카쿠(井原西鶴)의 우키요조시(浮世草子)를 중심으로

고영란(Koh, Young-ran) 고려대학교 글로벌일본연구원 2021 일본연구 Vol.35 No.-

현재의 코로나19가 그러하듯, 에도시대 일본 사회에서도 질병이란 아직 인간이 완전히 정복하고 지배하지 못하여 불안감과 무기력감을 생성하는 그 무엇이었고, 이를 이해하고 극복하고자 하는 다양한 시도가 있었다. 그렇다면 과연 그들의 문학적 상상력은 질병을 어떻게 묘사하고 이해했는지, 당대 현실을 사실적으로 묘사한 것으로 유명한 이하라 사이카쿠(井原西鶴, 이하 사이카쿠)의 작품을 통해 이해해보고자 했다. 연구 대상은 지면 관계상 『사이카쿠 쇼코쿠 바나시(西鶴諸国ばなし)』(1685), 『후토코로 스즈리(懐硯)』(1687), 『부도덴라이키(武道伝来記)』(1687)에 국한하였다. 연구의 결과, 사이카쿠 작품 속에는 감기, 복통, 류마티스, 정신질환, 악성 종양, 간질, 천연두 등 다양한 질병이 묘사되고, 동시에 이를 둘러싼 불안감과 무기력감이 묘사되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 그 원인을 불교적 업보에서 찾고 불교적으로 치유하고자 하는 당대 일본인들의 양상이 확인되었다. 이렇듯 질병에 의해 야기되는 불안감과 무기력감을 종교적으로 이해하고 극복하고자 했다는 점은 매우 시사적이다. 질병이라는 신체의 문제를 문화적으로 이해하고 풀어나가고자 했던 것이다. 새로운 질병에 대한 인류의 불안감과 무기력감은 또다시 생성될 것인데, 그때 사이카쿠의 문학 작품과 같은 질병에 관한 정보, 원인, 극복방법 등을 문화적으로 묘사하고 공유하는 길이야말로 인류가 질병에 대해 품는 정신적 불안감과 무기력감을 상쇄해줄 것으로 희망해 본다. 다양한 질병의 명칭과 양상, 생성원인, 극복방법 등을 문화적으로 공유하고 이해하고자 하는 시도 자체가 이미 정신적으로 해당 질병에 대한 불안감과 무기력감을 해소시키는 과정이기 때문이다. 이제 코로나19라는 정체 모를 질병에 대한 불안감과 무기력감을 증폭시키기 보다는, 이에 대한 정보와 원인, 극복방법 등을 문화적으로 공유하고 이해하는 데에 보다 심혈을 기울이는 것이 질병에 대한 인류의 또 다른 과제라고 생각한다. There were many trials to understand and overcome what disease was in Edo era culturally, because many people had no medical expertise so that they felt anxiety and helpless on disease. Thus this study focused on the works described disease by Ihara Saikaku who was the most famous Ukiyozoushi writer in Edo era. Especially, Saikaku Shokoku Banashi(1685), Hutokoro Suzuri(1687), Budo Denraiki(1687) were focused on, because public people were described in them. In woks by Ihara Saikaku, cold, colic, Rheumatoid arthritis, mental illness, cancer, epilepsy, small pox and etc. were described in many scenes, and also the anxiety and helpless related to the disease. And the people who was finding the reason why they got disease got clue in Karma so they tried to cure disease in Buddhist way. This point that people in Edo era tried to understand and overcome the disease in religion means very suggestive. The anxiety and the helplessness by covid 19 is spread these days, but the similar situation will be continued in the future because of the new disease. Thus we should learn the cultural way which share the information, cause of creation, the way to overcome disease in the literary works the people understood and overcame the anxiety and the helplessness by the disease in Edo era. Because sharing the information, cause of creation, the way to overcome disease in literary works is related to understand and overcome the new disease.

Disease risk map of anthracnose-twister of onion based on previous disease locations as a future predictors

R. T. Alberto,M. F. Isip,A. R. Biagtan,R. C. Tagaca 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.3

Understanding the disease epidemiology of anthracnose-twister disease provide us with information about the spread of disease in different areas with different climates which necessitates site specific disease predictions, management and spread of infection to other areas. Anthracnose-twister disease is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Gibberella moniliformis and is considered to be the most destructive disease of onion in the Philippines. The disease had spread in Nueva Ecija and neighboring onion growing provinces in Luzon. To prevent the same situation in the future, disease risk maps could be of great value among decision makers and farmers to minimize damage and losses due to the disease. A geographic information system is an essential tool in analyzing disease data associated with geographic locations which can generate spatial distribution, spread and occurrence of plant diseases in the form of maps. These can provide meaningful information that can be easily interpreted. In this study, the data of previous disease location was utilized to generate prediction and disease risk maps through interpolation using Kriging model. Based on the results, the prediction map suggests anthracnose-twister disease of onion will become an epidemic and the disease outbreak will most likely to occur in the southern part of Bongabon (Philippines). It shows that the southeastern part of Bongabon has a very high risk due to the high incidence rate (50.01% to 75.00%) on this area during the previous cropping seasons. To mitigate the situation in these areas it is recommended to avoid using white onion varieties which is very susceptible to anthracnose-twister, and spray potential fungicides 1 week after transplanting.

질병으로 보는 에도(江戸)시대 이하라 사이카쿠(井原西鶴)의 우키요조시(浮世草子)를 중심으로

고영란 ( Koh Young-ran ) 고려대학교 글로벌일본연구원 2021 일본연구 Vol.35 No.0

현재의 코로나19가 그러하듯, 에도시대 일본 사회에서도 질병이란 아직 인간이 완전히 정복하고 지배하지 못하여 불안감과 무기력감을 생성하는 그 무엇이었고, 이를 이해하고 극복하고자 하는 다양한 시도가 있었다. 그렇다면 과연 그들의 문학적 상상력은 질병을 어떻게 묘사하고 이해했는지, 당대 현실을 사실적으로 묘사한 것으로 유명한 이하라 사이카쿠(井原西鶴, 이하 사이카쿠)의 작품을 통해 이해해보고자 했다. 연구 대상은 지면 관계상 『사이카쿠 쇼코쿠 바나시(西鶴諸国ばなし)』(1685), 『후토코로 스즈리(懐硯)』(1687), 『부도덴라이키(武道伝来記)』(1687)에 국한하였다. 연구의 결과, 사이카쿠 작품 속에는 감기, 복통, 류마티스, 정신질환, 악성 종양, 간질, 천연두 등 다양한 질병이 묘사되고, 동시에 이를 둘러싼 불안감과 무기력감이 묘사되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 그 원인을 불교적 업보에서 찾고 불교적으로 치유하고자 하는 당대 일본인들의 양상이 확인되었다. 이렇듯 질병에 의해 야기되는 불안감과 무기력감을 종교적으로 이해하고 극복하고자 했다는 점은 매우 시사적이다. 질병이라는 신체의 문제를 문화적으로 이해하고 풀어나가고자 했던 것이다. 새로운 질병에 대한 인류의 불안감과 무기력감은 또다시 생성될 것인데, 그때 사이카쿠의 문학 작품과 같은 질병에 관한 정보, 원인, 극복방법 등을 문화적으로 묘사하고 공유하는 길이야말로 인류가 질병에 대해 품는 정신적 불안감과 무기력감을 상쇄해줄 것으로 희망해 본다. 다양한 질병의 명칭과 양상, 생성원인, 극복방법 등을 문화적으로 공유하고 이해하고자 하는 시도 자체가 이미 정신적으로 해당 질병에 대한 불안감과 무기력감을 해소시키는 과정이기 때문이다. 이제 코로나19라는 정체 모를 질병에 대한 불안감과 무기력감을 증폭시키기 보다는, 이에 대한 정보와 원인, 극복방법 등을 문화적으로 공유하고 이해하는 데에 보다 심혈을 기울이는 것이 질병에 대한 인류의 또 다른 과제라고 생각한다. There were many trials to understand and overcome what disease was in Edo era culturally, because many people had no medical expertise so that they felt anxiety and helpless on disease. Thus this study focused on the works described disease by Ihara Saikaku who was the most famous Ukiyozoushi writer in Edo era. Especially, Saikaku Shokoku Banashi(1685), Hutokoro Suzuri(1687), Budo Denraiki(1687) were focused on, because public people were described in them. In woks by Ihara Saikaku, cold, colic, Rheumatoid arthritis, mental illness, cancer, epilepsy, small pox and etc. were described in many scenes, and also the anxiety and helpless related to the disease. And the people who was finding the reason why they got disease got clue in Karma so they tried to cure disease in Buddhist way. This point that people in Edo era tried to understand and overcome the disease in religion means very suggestive. The anxiety and the helplessness by covid 19 is spread these days, but the similar situation will be continued in the future because of the new disease. Thus we should learn the cultural way which share the information, cause of creation, the way to overcome disease in the literary works the people understood and overcame the anxiety and the helplessness by the disease in Edo era. Because sharing the information, cause of creation, the way to overcome disease in literary works is related to understand and overcome the new disease.

한국표준질병사인분류중 한방내과영역의 분류체계 개선 및 진단명 구성에 관한 연구

이원철,Lee, Won-Chul 대한한방내과학회 2010 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

Objectives : It is necessary that the international classification of diseases (ICD) be examined in order to comprise the third revision of the Korean Classification of Disease on Oriental Medicine (KCD-OM) and disease classification in the oriental internal medicine field. It is essential that the selection, classification and definition of disease and pattern names of oriental concepts in internal medicine be clear. Since 2008, the fifth revision of the Korean Classification of Disease (KCD-5) has been used in Korea. It was required to use the reference classification from the Oriental medicine area based on the ICD-10. Methods : In this review, the necessity for, meaning of and content of the third revision are briefly described. The ICD system was reviewed and KCD-OM was reconstructed. How diagnosis in the oriental internal medicine area had changed is discussed. Review and Results : In 1973, the disease classification of oriental medicine was established the basis on the contents of Dongeuibogam. It was irrespective of the ICD. As to the classification system in the Oriental internal medicine field, systemic disease was comprised of wind, cold, warm, wet, dryness, heat, spirit, ki, blood, phlegm and retained fluid, consumptive disease, etc. Diseases of internal medicine comprised a system according to the five viscera and the six internal organs and followed the classification system of Dongeuibogam. The first and second revisions were of the classification system based on the curriculum in 1979 and 1995. In 1979, in the first revision, geriatric disease and idiopathic types of disease were deleted, and skin disease was included among surgery diseases. This classification was expanded to 792 small classification items and 1,535 detailed classification items to the dozen disease classes. In 1995, in the second revision, it was adjusted to 644 small classes and 1,784 detailed classification items in the dozen disease classes. KCD-OM3 did KCD from this basis. It added and comprised the oriental medical doctor's concept names of diseases considering the special conditions in Korea. KCD-OM3 examined the KCD-OMsecond revised edition (1994). It improved the duplex classification, improper classifications, etc. It is difficult for us to separate the disease names and pattern names in oriental medicine. We added to the U code and made one classification system. By considering the special conditions in Korea, 169 codes (83 disease name codes, 86 pattern name codes) became the pre-existence classification and links among 306 U codes of KCD-OM3. 137 codes were newly added in the third revision. U code added 3 domains. These are composed of the disease name (U20-U33, 97 codes), the disease pattern name (U50-U79, 191 codes) and the constitution pattern name of each disease (U95-U98, 18 codes). Conclusion : The introduction of KCD-OM3 conforms to the diagnostic system by which oriental medical doctors examine classes used with the basic structure of the reference classification of WHO and raises the clinical study and academic activity of the Korean oriental medicine and makes the production of all kinds of nation statistical indices possible. The introduction of KCD-OM3 promotes the diagnostic system by which doctors of Oriental medicine examine classes using the association with KCD-5. It will raise the smoothness and efficiency of oriental medical treatment payments in the health insurance, automobile insurance, industrial accident compensation insurance, etc. In addition, internationally, the eleventh revision work of the ICD has been initiated. It needs to consider incorporating into the International Classification of Diseases some of every country's traditional medicine.

전염병관리 관련법령의 변화 추이분석 및 향후 개정방향에 관한 연구

황창용,오희철,이덕형,박기동,이종구,Whang, Chang-Yong,Ohrr, Hee-Choul,Lee, Duk-Hyoung,Park, Ki-Dong,Lee, Jong-Koo 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.3

This Study has been carried out to make a recommendation for the next amendment of the Infectious Disease Prevention Act with a specific focus on the kind of notifyable disease. Korean, Japanese, German, U.S, English and French acts on infectious diseases prevention were reviewed, compared with and analized in regards of numbers and kinds of notifyable infectious diseases and their tendency of amendments. An criteria was designed to assess the level of validity of diseases to be designated in the act. Four items, the fatality (greater than 10% or not), the possibility to make a big epidemic, the availability of efficient vaccination and the usefulness of isolation, are used in the assessment. This index is applied to the diseases in Korean and other countries' Infectious Disease Prevention Acts. Results are as follows: 1. The Korean Infectious Disease Preventon Act has a unique way of classifying the notifyable infectious disease, that is, the first, the second and the third class. But the author cannot find the basis of classification. No other countries reviewed have the similar classification. 2. The ten diseases, cholera, plague, yellow fever, diphtheria, typhoid fever, poliomyelitis, rabies, tetanus, malaria, and meningococcal meningitis are designated as the notifyable diseases not only in Korea but also in Japan, Germany, United States, England and france. 3. Thirty seven diseases including small pox, Lassa fever, anthrax, influenza, German measles, Legionellosis, infection with E. coli O157:H7, Q-fever, brucellosis, Lyme disease are designated as legal disease at least one of the above mentioned countries. 4. The Korea has been coped with the change of the infectious disease occurrence for last fifty years in amendment of the Infectious Disease Prevention Act. 5. Japan has a special infectious surveillance system composed of 3,880 clinics throughout the whole country. 6. Germany has classified infectious diseases in five categories which are based on seriousness of disease. Any confirmed death, cases and suspected cases in class I should be reported within 24 hours. But only confirmed death and cases in class II, but not suspected cases, are reportable in Germarny. 7. Plague, bacillary dysentery, pertussis, mumps, Japanese encephaltis and Korean hemorrhagic fevers are diseases with high credits validity index among Korean legal disease. 8. German measles, anthrax, E. coli O157 : H7 infection, Lassa fever, Q-fever, brucellosis are high in validity index among those which are not designated in Korea but designated in other countries. In conclusion, the Korean Infectious Disease Prevention Act has well been coped with the changes of infectious disease occurrence for last fifty years, but the classification basis and the validity of diseases to be designated as legal diseases is worth reevaluating.

베체트병과 크론병의 대장 바륨조영술 소견: 감별진단에 유용한 소견을 중심으로

오세정,김기황,유정식,안창수,윤상욱,김지형 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

증예(症例) : 모야모야 병과 동반된 관상동맥질환 4 예

박성현 ( Sung Hyun Park ),김기회 ( Ki Hoi Kim ),김정관 ( Jeong Gwan Kim ),송지은 ( Ji Eun Song ),오왕국 ( Wang Guk Oh ),장미영 ( Mi Young Jang ),박종필 ( Jong Pil Park ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2010 全北醫大論文集 Vol.34 No.2

현재까지 한국에서 모야모야 병과 동반된 관상동맥질환은 매우 드물며 단 4례만이 보고되어 저자들은 이러한 환자 4례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 본 증례들은 모야모야 병이 전신 혈관 질환이라는 주장을 뒷받침할 수 있으며 모야모야 병을 추적관찰 할 때 관상동맥질환의 가능성에 대해 점검할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각하는 바이다. Moyamoya disease is an occlusive intracranial arteriopathy with an abnormal cerebrovascular collateral network at the base of brain. Although the etiology and pathogenesis remains unknown, there are several reports that moyamoya disease should be regarded as a progressive systemic disease. There are many reports which showed this disease is correlated with renal artery stenosis. However, it is rare for it to be associated with coronary artery disease. We experienced four cases of coronary artery disease associated with moyamoya disease in our center. The coronary angiography showed significant stenosis of coronary artery. Three of these patients were underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. One patient had three vessel disease and have been doing medical treatment. We concluded that the patient with moyamoya disease can be affected coronary artery and should be evaluated about the coronary artery disease.

사상의학(四象醫學)에서 인후질환(咽喉疾患)의 의미(意味)와 병리(病理) 및 치료(治療)에 대한 고찰(考察)

반덕진,박성식,Ban, Duk-Jin,Park, Seong-Sik 사상체질의학회 2008 사상체질의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

1. Objectives We analyze throat disease focused on Sasang constitutional medicine and find out throat disease's concept, pathology and medical treatment. 2. Methods We consider term, conceuption, symptoms, mechanism and medical treatment of throat disease in "Dongyisusebowon", "Dongyisusebowon Gabogubon", "Dongyisusebowon sasangchobongwon", "Dongyisasangshinpyun" and "Dongmuyoogo" 3. Results and conclusions 1) We find out throat disease's some concept that are refered variety in sasang constitutional medicine. 2) Throat disease's pathology are different according to sasang constitution. In Soeumin throat disease belong to taeeum syndrome and soeum syndrome, in Soyangin throat disease belong to chest heat syndrome, in Taeumin throat disease belong to dry heat syndrome, in Taeyangin throat disease belong to Yul gyuk syndrome 3) In sasang constitutional medicine, medical treatment of throat disease focus on not throat disease but human being and medical treatment of throat disease are almost internal treatment but in Soyangin and Taeumin, medical treatment of throat disease are external treatment.

Long-term Disease Course of Crohn’s Disease: Changes in Disease Location, Phenotype, Activities, and Predictive Factors

Cho Choong Wui,You Myung-Won,Oh Chi Hyuk,Lee Chang Kyun,Moon Sung Kyoung 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2022 Gut and Liver Vol.16 No.2

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic destructive inflammatory bowel disease that affects young people and is associated with significant morbidity. The clinical spectrum and disease course of CD are heterogeneous and often difficult to predict based on the initial presentation. In this article, changes in the disease location, behavior, clinical course during long-term follow-up, and predictive factors are reviewed. Generally, four different patterns of clinical course are discussed: remission, stable disease, chronic relapsing disease, and chronic refractory disease. Understanding the long-term disease course of CD is mandatory to reveal the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and to move toward a more optimistic disease course, such as remission or stability, and less adverse outcomes or devastating sequelae.