된장이 고지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 지질 대사에 미치는 영향

이인규,김종규 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.3

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Korean traditional soybean paste(doen-jang) on the changes of serum biochemical components and histopathological changes of organs in rats fed a high fat and/or a high cholesterol diet. DESIGN: This was a single open-group prospective clinical intervention. METHODS: A total of one-hundred and twenty eight 3-weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 16 groups by a randomized blocking method. The rats consumed one of the experimental diets, the control diet, a high fat diet(40% of the total calories), a high cholesterol diet(1% of the total weight), and a high fat and high cholesterol diet for 13 consecutive weeks. Each of these diet groups were divided into 4 groups one with no soybean paste added, one with just 0.5% soybean paste added, one with 1% soybean paste added, and one with 5% soybean paste added. These levels were taken from the data of the National Nutrition Survey of Korea from 1994 to 1998. From this data, we know that Koreans on an average eat less than 0.5% soybean paste per person, per day. A Korean traditional soybean paste was used for this study. All of the preparation methods for the soybean paste followed the recommendations of Korea Food Research Institute. After ripening 6 months it was incorporated into the diet. Blood specimens were obtained at the baseline and after 13 weeks of dietary intervention. At the end of the study the organs(liver, heart, and kidney) were excised, and pieces of the organs were taken for histopathological examinatoin. Fool intake, body weight, food efficiency ratio, relative organ weights, and fecal lipid levels were determined at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: The feeding of a high fat and/or a high cholesterol diet resulted in many deleterious effects including increased food intake, increased weight gain, increased organ weights, increased fecal lipid levels,increased serum triglyceride, total lipid, free-cholesterol, easter-cholesterol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol level, and atherogenic index, and increased lipase, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanino aminotransferase(ALT), cholinesterase(ChEase), and lactate dehydrogenase(LDHase) activities, and decreased high-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol level, and most significantly severe fatty changes, in the livers, compared with the control and soybean paste control groups. The feeding of 0.5% soybean paste reduced the adverse effects of the high fat and/or the high cholesterol diet on the food efficiency ratio, weight gain, relative organ weights, fecal lipid levels, and improved serum lipid component levels. Significant decreases(p<0.05) in triglyceride, total lipid, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were seen. A significant increase was found in the level of HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). A decrease was observed in atherogenic index. Also it recovered the levels of lipase, AST, ALT, ChEase, and LDHase activities. No significant changes in levels of serum free-cholesterol and easter-cholesterol were observed. It was helpful to reduce the severs histopathological lesions of livers. Although changes in these findings were observed in all of the groups with soybean paste, the most profound inhibitory changes were evident at the 5% level of soybean paste in the results of histological study of livers. In each group, adding soybean paste reduced the adverse effects of a high fat and/or a high cholesterol diet in ratio to the amount of soybean paste added to the diet. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary supplementation of 0.5% soybean paste resulted in reductions in several risk factors for lipid metabolism in rats, fed a high fat and/or a high cholesterol diet especially improved serum lipid component levels and the histopathological lesions of the livers. The feeding of 1% and 5% soybean paste showed even more reduction of risk factors. These results suggest that Korean soybean paste has a protective effect on a high fat and/or a high cholesterol diet. Long-term, placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effect of soybean paste on the lipid metabolism in the human population.

MAL추출물이 고콜레스테롤 식이를 급여한 토끼의 콜레스테롤 대사에 미치는 영향

박종배,이혜숙,황석연,홍승복,김희동,윤치영 한국피부과학연구원 2011 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.9 No.1

To investigate the effect of MAL(plant extracts) on cholesterol metabolism, male New Zealand White rabbits which were fed on high-cholesterol diet for 2 weeks were divided into the following 5 groups and fed on the experimental diet for 8 weeks : a normal diet group(ND, n=6), a high-cholesterol diet group(HCD, n=6), a high-cholesterol diet and lovastatin0.002%(HCD+lovastatin0.002%, n=6), a high-cholesterol diet and MAL 1% group(HCD+MAL1%, n=6), a high fat diet and MAL3% group(HCD+3%, n=6). The levels of blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were greatly increased by 2 weeks feeding on the high-cholesterol diet, compared with those of rabbits fed on normal diet. Blood concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol increased in HCD group after 8 weeks, whereas HDL-cholesterol significantly decreased. In the HCD+lovastatin0.002% group, the levels of blood total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced but there was no significant change in HDL-cholesterol. In the HCD+MAL1% group, the levels of blood triglyceride was decreased, but not in blood concentrations of total cholesterol. In the HCD+MAL3% group, the levels of blood total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol reduced, in addition to less-severe decrease in HDL-cholesterol. The level of ALT and AST significantly increased in the HCD+lovastatin0.002% group, but not in groups fed MAL diets. These results suggest that MAL may improve lipid metabolism of serum and potentially reduce lipid storage. 본 연구는 고콜레스테롤식이를 한 토끼에서 생약추출물인 MAL의 효과를 알아보기 위하여, 시험물질 투여 전 2주간 고콜레스테롤 식이를 하여 혈중 콜레스테롤 수치가 약 900~1,000 mg/㎗에 이르는 토끼를 대상으로 고콜레스테롤 식이와 MAL을 투여함으로써 간조직과 혈액의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 정상사료 투여군(음성대조군), 고콜레스테롤 사료 투여군(양성대조군), 고콜레스테롤+lovastatin 투여군(비교시험군), 고콜레스테롤+1% MAL투여군, 고콜레스테롤+3% MAL투여군으로 분리하여 8주간 관찰하였다. 8주간의 실험식이를 급여한 결과 시험물질 1% 투여군의 경우 중성지방은 낮추어 주었지만 총 콜레스테롤을 낮추지는 못한 반면, 시험물질 3% 투여군의 경우는 비교시험군처럼 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤 수치를 감소시켰고 HDL-콜레스테롤 수치의 저하를 예방하였다. ALT와 AST 활성에서는 8주전에 비하여 양성대조군은 증가하지 않았고, 비교시험군에서는 각 각 9.9배, 7.6배의 증가를 나타내어 간손상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 반면, 시험물질 투여한 토끼에서는 거의 변화가 없어서 전혀 간손상을 유발하지 않는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 생약추출물인 MAL이 고콜레스테롤 식이로 인한 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 농도를 감소시키고 혈중 HDL-콜레스테롤의 감소폭을 줄임으로서 혈중 콜레스테롤 축적을 효과적으로 억제하는 작용을 하는 것으로 사료되어진다.

유근피가 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이미정,하진옥,이재준,이명렬 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2009 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.34 No.1

연구배경: 유근피는 기능성식품의 신소재로 개발하기 위해서 체계적인 식품학적 연구 및 생리활성효능의 검증이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 유근피 에탄올 추출물(UDEE)이 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 지방대사 개선효과에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 혈청 및 간 중의 지질 조성 변화를 검토하였다. 방법: 5주령의 Sprague Dawley계 웅성 흰쥐에게 1% 콜레스테롤과 0.25% sodium cholate를 함유한 고콜레스테롤식이를 조제하여 6주간 급여하였다. 실험군은 정상식이군(NOR), 고콜레스테롤식이군(대조군, CON), 정상식이와 유근피 에탄올 추출물 저용량 투여군(UD1), 정상식이와 유근피 에탄올 추출물 고용량 투여군(UD2), 고콜레스테롤식이와 유근피 에탄올 추출물 저용량 병합 투여군(UDC1) 및 고콜레스테롤식이와 유근피 에탄올 추출물 고용량 병합 투여군(UDC2)의 6군으로 나누어 실시하였다. 유근피 에탄올 추출물은 매일 같은 시각에 경구 투여한 후 흰쥐의 혈액과 간장 내의 지질 조성을 관찰하였다. 결과: 체중증가율과 간 무게는 CON군이 NOR군에 비하여 높게 나타났으나, 고콜레스테롤식이와 유근피 추출물을 병합 투여한 UDC1군과 UDC2군에서 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 혈청 중 ALT, AST 및 ALP 활성은 CON군에서 유의적으로 증가하였고, UDEE 투여로 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. UDEE 투여군에서는 CON군에 비하여 HDL-콜레스테롤/총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 및 인지질 함량은 증가하였으나 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤, 유리콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 감소하였다. 중성지질, 인지질, LDL-콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 및 유리콜레스테롤 함량은 정상식이를 급여한 군들 간에는 유의차가 없었다. 또한, 간 중 중성지질과 총콜레스테롤 함량도 UDEE 투여군이 CON군에 비하여 낮았다. 결론: 유근피 에탄올 추출물은 혈청 및 간의 콜레스테롤 함량을 저하시켜 고콜레스테롤혈증 예방과 치료에 효과적일 것으로 판단되어진다. Background and Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai(UDEE) on serum and liver lipid metabolism in rats fed high cholesterol diet. Methods and Materials: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia. We divided into six groups; normal diet group(NOR), high cholesterol diet group(CON), normal diet and UDEE 200 mg/kg administered group(UD1), normal diet and UDEE 400 mg/kg administered group(UD2), high cholesterol diet and UDEE 200 mg/kg administered group(UDC1), and high cholesterol diet and UDEE 400 mg/kg administered group(UDC2). Results: The growth rate and liver weight of the CON group was higher than the NOR, whereas the administered UDEE groups were gradually decreased. There was a significant increase in the activities of serum ALT, AST and ALP in CON group. The administration of UDEE decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in dose dependently manners. UDEE administered groups were increased HDL-C/T-C, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid levels, and decreased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels as compared with CON group. There were no differences in the levels of serum triglyceride, phospholipid, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol between normal diet groups. The hepatic levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were also lower in UDEE administered groups than in CON group. Conclusion: These results suggest that UDEE exerts hypocholesterolemic effect by reducing serum and liver cholesterol contents.

탈지인삼 첨가식이 급식 후 교체급식이 흰쥐의 Cholesterol 함량에 미치는 영향

이성동 한국식품영양학회 1992 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.5 No.2

석유 에테르로 인삼지방질 성분을 추출해 낸 소위 탈지인삼을 가지고 기본 식이에 0.5, 1.0 및 3.0% 비율별로 각기 혼합하여 만든 탈지인삼식이로 이유 후 체중 83±4g 웅성백서 130두를 대상으로 4주 또는 8주동안 급식한 후 기본식이로 교체하여 다시 8주 또는 4주동안 급식하여, 교체급식에 의한 흰쥐의 혈청, 간 및 대동맥중의 콜레스테롤함량 변화의 추이를 비교 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 혈청중 총 콜레스테롤과 유리콜레스테롤 함량은 0.5, 1.0 및 3.0% 탈지인삼식이 급식후 기본식이로 교체하여 급식시 증가되었다. 2. 대동맥중 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 0.5, 1.0 및 3.0% 탈지인삼식이 급식후 기본 식이로 교체하여 급식시 감소되었다. 3. 혈청, 간 및 대동맥 중 유리콜레스테롤 함량은 1.0% 탈지안심식이 급식후 기본식이로 교체하여 급식시 증가되었으나, 혈청과 간중 유리콜레스테롤 함량은 3.0%탈지 인삼식이의 경우 감소되었다. This study was divised to observe the effects of defatted(by petroleum ether) Korean ginseng on the cholesterol level of Sprague-Dowley Albino male rats by alternating the diet. 130 heads of weaned rats having 83±4g of body weight were fed with each stock diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% defatted ginseng powder for 4 or 8 weeks, and after that fed with stock diet only for 8 or 4 weeks. Total cholesterol and free form cholesterol contents in serum, liver and aorta of them were determined, and compared with the each corresponding group which was fed with defatted ginseng control diet for 12 weeks. Total cholesterol and free form cholesterol contents in the serum were increased caused by the alternating diets which was fed on 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% defatted ginseng diet for 4 and 8 weeks after being fed on stock diet for 8 and 4 weeks, conversely total cholesterol contents in the aorta were decreased by the same alternating diets. Free form cholesterol contents in the serum, liver and aorta of the group which was fed on 1.0% defatted ginseng diet 8 weeks after being fed on stock diet for 4 weeks were increased, but that of the group which was fed alternately on 3.0% defatted ginseng diet were decreased than the corresponding defatted ginseng control diet group.

브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물이 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 콜레스테롤 저하 및 비만 억제효과에 미치는 영향

이재준(Jae Joon Lee),신형덕(Hyoung Duck Shin),이유미(Yu Mi Lee),김아라(Ah Ra Kim),이명렬(Myung Yul Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.3

고지방식이로 고지혈 및 비만이 유도된 흰쥐에서 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물 투여로 인한 혈 중 지질대사 개선 및 지방조직의 항비만효과에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 5주령 된 흰쥐 수컷 36마리를 1주일간 적응시킨 후 정상식이군(ND), 고지방식이군(HFD), 정상식이와 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물 저용량 병합 투여군(ND-BSL), 정상식이와 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물 고용량 병합 투여군(ND-BSH), 고지방식이와 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물 저용량 병합 투여군(HFD-BSL) 및 고지방식이와 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물 고용량 병합 투여군(HFD-BSH)으로 나누어 4주간 사육하였다. 고지방식이로 증가되어진 체중증가량은 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물 고용량 병합 투여로 유의하게 감소되었으며, 정상식이군(ND)과는 비슷한 수준으로 저하되었다. 고지방식이군들(HFD, HFD-BSL 및 HFD-BSH)이 정상식이군들(ND, ND-BSL 및 ND-BSH)에 비하여 식이섭취량은 낮았으나, 식이효율은 높게 나타났다. 간조직의 무게는 실험 군간에 유의차가 없었으나, 부고환 및 장간막지방조직의 무게는 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐에게 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물을 고용량 병합 투여한 경우에는 고지방식이에 비하여 유의하게 저하되었다. 고지방식이로 증가되어진 혈청 중의 ALT 및 AST 활성, 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량, 심혈관위험지수와 동맥경화지수도 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물 고용량 병합 투여로 감소되었다. 혈청 중의 ALP 활성은 실험 군 간에 유의차가 없었다. 혈청 중의 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 정상식이군(ND)에 비하여 고지방식이군(HFD)이 유의하게 감소하였으나, 정상식이 혹은 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐에게 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물을 투여하였을 경우에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 고지방식이로 증가되어진 간조직과 장간막지방조직 중의 총콜레스테롤 함량은 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물 병합 투여로 저하되었다. 지방조직 중의 HR-LPL과 TE-LPL 활성 모두 정상식이군(ND)에 비하여 고지방식이군(HFD)이 증가하였고, 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물 고용량 병합 투여한 모든 군은 고지방식이군(HFD)에 비하여 유의하게 감소되었으나 정상식이군(ND)과는 비슷한 활성을 나타내었다. 특히 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물의 효과는 고용량 병합 투여군이 저용량 병합투여군에 비하여 더 좋은 효과를 나타내었다. 혈청 및 조직중의 지질 함량 변화는 정상식이군들(ND, ND-BSL 및 ND-BSH) 간에는 유의차가 없었다. 따라서 고지방식이를 급여하면서 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물을 병합 투여 시에만 효과가 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 이상의 결과 브로콜리 싹 에탄올 추출물이 체중 및 지방조직의 무게 감소와 더불어 혈청지질 개선 효과와 LPL 활성을 저하시켜 고지혈증 예방효과와 지방축적 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되나 브로콜리 싹 추출물의 어떤 성분이 콜레스테롤 저하효과 및 비만을 억제시킬 수 있는지는 보다 자세한 연구가 요구된다. This study was conducted to investigate the cholesterol lowering and anti-obesity effects of an ethanol extract of broccoli sprouts (BS) in rats fed high fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150~155 g, were divided into 6 groups; a normal diet group (ND), a high fat diet group (HFD), a normal diet and BS with 200 ㎎/㎏ treated group (ND-BSL), a normal diet and BS with 400 ㎎/㎏ treated group (ND-BSH), a high fat diet and BS with 200 ㎎/㎏ treated group (HFD-BSL), and a high fat diet and BS with 400 ㎎/㎏ treated group (HFD-BSH). The body weight gain and mesenteric adipose tissue weight were increased by high fat diet, but gradually decreased to the corresponding level of ND group after administration of BS extract. The liver and epididymal adipose tissue weights of HFD group were the highest among the six groups, although the difference was not significant. Food intake was lower in high fat diet groups compared with normal diet groups. The serum ALT and AST activities that were elevated by the high fat diet were significantly decreased after BS administration. Levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and the atherogenic index tended to be decrease in the BS administered groups compared with HFD group. However, HDL-cholesterol level in serum decreased in HFD group and markedly increased in BS administered groups. There were no differences in the contents of serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol between normal diet groups. Levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver and adipose tissues were also lower in BS administrated groups than in HFD group. The activities of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) and total-extractable LPL (TE-LPL) in adipose tissue were increased in HFD group compared with the BS administered groups, but those of the ND-BSL group and ND-BSH group were similar to ND group. These results suggest that BS ethanol extract may exert cholesterol-lowering effect and potentially reduce lipid storage.

Effects of Cordyceps militaris Cultivated on Rice on Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed High Fat-cholesterol Diets

박은주,Sang Mong Lee,Nam Sook Park 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.11 No.2

Dongchunghacho rice, produced by cultivating Dongchunghacho fungus on rice, could be an effective functional food because it offers added value to rice and thus increases rice consumption. However, the physiological effect of Dongchunghacho rice has not been reported yet although there is increasing consumers demand. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Dongchunghacho rice (unpolished rice cultivated with Cordyceps militaris) on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats. Forty of 8 wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups after a 1 week of adaptation period and fed either a normal diet (66% polished rice diet, NC), high fat (12 g/100 g)-high cholesterol (1 g/100 g) diet with 53% polished rice (HC), or high fat-high cholesterol diets supplemented with 30% of the total rice as either unpolished rice (UR) or Dongchunghacho rice (DR). After 4 weeks, rats fed the Dongchunghacho rice diet with high fat and cholesterol had dramatically lower plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic indexes and higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels compared with the rats consuming polished rice or unpolished rice with high fat and cholesterol diet. Dongchunghacho rice led to less total lipid and total cholesterol accumulation in liver. However, these significant reductions in plasma or hepatic lipid profiles were not closely correlated with fecal total lipid or total cholesterol excretion. The plasma concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides were not affected by Dongchunghacho rice. This hypolipidemic effect of Dongchunghacho rice seemed to be unrelated to unpolished rice itself, because the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles of UR group were not different from that of the HC group. These results suggest that unpolished rice containing cultivated Cordyceps militaris can improve plasma and hepatic lipid profiles in rats fed with high fat-high cholesterol diet.

Xylooligo당이 고콜레스테를 식이 횐쥐에서 간조직 HMG-CoA Reductase 활성과 지질 초성에 미치는 영향

김성옥,최정화,홍희진,주길재,이인구,이순재 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

고콜레스테롤 식이 횐쥐에서 xylooligo당이 간장에서의 콜레스테롤대사에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험동물은 100$\pm$10g의 Sprague-Dawley 횐쥐를 이용하여 정상 식이군과 1% 고콜레스테롤 실험군으로 나누고 다시 실험군은 1%의 고콜레스테롤 식이에 xylooligo당을 0%, 5%, 10% 및 15% 농도 첨가군(C, C5XO, C10XO 및 C15XO군)으로 나누어 4주간 자유섭식시킨 후 콜레스테롤 대사 개선효과를 알아보았다. 간조직중의 중성지방과 콜레스테롤함량은 정상군에 비해 C군에서는 각각 3.9배, 20배씩 증가되었으며 C군에 비해 C10XO군은 거의 절반으로 감소되었다. 간조직의 HMG-CoA reductase 활성은 정상군에 비해 C군은 45% 감소되었으나, xylooligo당 공급군에서는 정상군 수준이었다. 간조직중의 지방산 조성은 oleic acid( $C_{18:1}$)과 linoleic acid( $C_{18:2}$)은 정상군에 비해 C군에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 증가되었고, ara chidonic acid( $C_{20:4}$)는 감소되었으나 xylooligo당 공급으로 증가되었다. 총포화지방산(SFA)은 정상군에 비해 고콜레스테롤 식이로 인해 감소되 었으나, xylooligo당 공급으로 정상화되었다. 고콜레스테롤군에서는 총 단일불포화지방산(MUFA)은 증가되었으나, xylooligo당 공급으로 감소되었다. 항혈전지수인 n-3/n-6 지방산 비는 정상군에 비해 C군에서 감소되었으나, xylooligo당 10% 공급군에서는 C군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 결론적으로 식이 xylooligo당은 고콜레스테롤 식이로 인한 고콜레스테롤 혈증이나 고지혈증의 위험인자인 콜레스테롤을 감소시킬 수 있는 콜레스테롤 대사 개선 기능이 우수하므로 기능성 식품 신소재나 식이섬유의 대용품으로도 활용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on HMG-CoA reductase activity and lipid composition of liver in rat fed high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 g were randomly divided into groups of one normal diet, and four high cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol. The high cholesterol (1%) diet groups were classified into xylooligosaccharides free diet (C group), 5% xylooligosaccharides diet (C5XO group), 10% xylooligosaccharides diet (C10XO group), and 15% xylooligosaccharides diet (C15XO grcup) according to the levels of dietary xylooligosaccharides supplementation. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum for 4 weeks. The hepatic lipid contents, cholesterol and triglycerides in xylooligosaccharides supplemented groups were significantly lower than those of C group. An antithrombGsis index, a ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids of liver was significantly increased in 10% xylooligosaccharides supplemented groups compared to that of C group. The activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, a rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, in xylooligosaccharides supplemented groups was more significantly increased than in C group. These results suggest that dietary xylooligosaccharide may be act as potential substitute for a dietary fiber to improve lipids metabolism in rat fed high cholesterol diet.

유산소성 운동이 콜레스테롤식이 흰쥐의 혈청지질에 미치는 효과

김귀원,남태호,백영호 한국생명과학회 1998 생명과학회지 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구는 생후 4주령의 Sprague Dawley 흰쥐 47마리를 대상으로 2% 콜레스테롤 식이와 정상식이 그리고 여러가지 강도의 유산소운동(트래드밀 런닝)과 비운동을 실시하여 혈청지질과 adipose tissue를 분석해서 다음과 같은 경과를 얻었다. 1. 콜레스테롤식이에 의해 형중T-C치가 유의하게 증가되었으나 유산소성운동에 의해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 콜레스테롤식이에 의해 혈중 HDL-C와 LDL이 약간 증가야였으나, 유산소성운동에 의해 모두 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. LDL/HDL-C는 간한 운동을 한 CRA군에서만 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 콜레스테롤식이에 의해 혈액중의 phospholipid 및 triglyceride는 감소하는 경향을 나태내었으나, 유산소성운동에 의해 약간 증가하는 경향을 나태내었다. 4. 정상식이군에서 유산소성운동에 의해 adipose tissue가 유의하게 감소되었으며, 콜레스테롤 식이군에서도 유산소성운동에 의해 adipdse tissue가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상과 같은 연구결과를 통하여 유산소성운동이 콜레스테롤식이에 의해 증가도니 혈중 총콜레스테롤을 저하시키며, 동백경과 위험인자인 LDL은 낮추어 동맥경화성 질병을 예방할 것으로 사료된다. Sprague Dawley rats(24 weeks of age) were divided and were given normal diet for 6 weeks, followed by normal diet and 2% cholesterol diet for 14 weeks. During these periods, 10 weeks’ exercises are performed after 4 weeks. And then we analyze the blood and adipose tissue by decapitating those rats. 1. Serum total cholesterol was enhenced by cholesterol diet, while aerobic exercise tended to reduce it. 2. Cholesterol diet slightly reduced serum HDL-C and LDL-c, where as aerobic exercise showed a tendency to decrease it. 3. Cholesterol diet slightly reduced phospholipid and triglyceride, but aerobic exercise showed a tendency to increase them. 4. Aerobic exercise significantly decreased adipose tissue in normal diet rats and tended to reduce it in cholesterol-dietary rats. These results suggest that aerobic exercise decrease serum total cholesterol and LDL-C, and as a result can prevent atherosclerosis.

Effect of Sophora japonica Extract on Lipid Content in High Fat Diet Fed Rats

Byung-Yong Ahn,Sung-Jin Park 한국응용생명화학회 2009 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.52 No.2

The effect of hot water extract of Sophora japonica Linne (Koehwa) flower on lipid content were studied in terms of hematological variables in rats fed with high fat diet. Experimental rats were divided into basal diet only (BDG), high fat diet control (FDC), high fat diet and 6% Sophora japonica extract powder (FD6S), and high fat diet and 12% Sophora japonica extract powder (FD12S) groups. The levels of hematological variables were not significantly different among the four groups, whereas transferrin concentration and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in serum metabolic variables were significantly different. Transferrin concentration was higher in the FD6S and FD12S groups than in BDG and FDC groups. FD6S and FD12S groups showed significantly lower level of GOT activity. Total cholesterol levels of FD6S and FD12S groups were 220.38 and 205.02 mg/dL in the serum, respectively. Total cholesterol levels of FD6S and FD12S groups were lower than that of FDC group (341.38 mg/dL) and the same level as that of FDG group (216.18 mg/dL). HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels of FDC group were 26.84 and 62.91 mg/dL, whereas those of FD12S group were 38.02 and 44.16 mg/dL. Supplementation of 12% Koehwa extract powder remarkably increased HDL-cholesterol level and greatly decreased LDLcholesterol level. Atherogenic indices in FD6S and FD12S groups were significantly lower than those of yje FDG group. The FD12S group supplemented with Koehwa extract showed lower triglyceride concentration than that of the FDC group. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of Koehwa extracts did not have any adversary effect on the hematological variables, but improved the lipid content and reduced hepatic damage of the high fat fed rats. The effect of hot water extract of Sophora japonica Linne (Koehwa) flower on lipid content were studied in terms of hematological variables in rats fed with high fat diet. Experimental rats were divided into basal diet only (BDG), high fat diet control (FDC), high fat diet and 6% Sophora japonica extract powder (FD6S), and high fat diet and 12% Sophora japonica extract powder (FD12S) groups. The levels of hematological variables were not significantly different among the four groups, whereas transferrin concentration and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in serum metabolic variables were significantly different. Transferrin concentration was higher in the FD6S and FD12S groups than in BDG and FDC groups. FD6S and FD12S groups showed significantly lower level of GOT activity. Total cholesterol levels of FD6S and FD12S groups were 220.38 and 205.02 mg/dL in the serum, respectively. Total cholesterol levels of FD6S and FD12S groups were lower than that of FDC group (341.38 mg/dL) and the same level as that of FDG group (216.18 mg/dL). HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels of FDC group were 26.84 and 62.91 mg/dL, whereas those of FD12S group were 38.02 and 44.16 mg/dL. Supplementation of 12% Koehwa extract powder remarkably increased HDL-cholesterol level and greatly decreased LDLcholesterol level. Atherogenic indices in FD6S and FD12S groups were significantly lower than those of yje FDG group. The FD12S group supplemented with Koehwa extract showed lower triglyceride concentration than that of the FDC group. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of Koehwa extracts did not have any adversary effect on the hematological variables, but improved the lipid content and reduced hepatic damage of the high fat fed rats.

대두와 된장분말이 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 콜레스테롤 농도 및 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향

Jae Joon Lee(이재준),Ah Ra Kim(김아라),Hwan Lee(이환),Cheol Ho Kim(김철호),Hae Choon Chang(장해춘),Myung Yul Lee(이명렬) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.7

본 연구는 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 흰쥐에게 동일 품종의 국산 원료 대두로부터 제조된 감압 증자한 대두분말 혹은 B. subtilis DJI 균주로 접종 후 천일염을 첨가하여 제조한 된장분말을 함께 급여하였을 경우 혈청 중 콜레스테롤 저하효과와 간 조직 중 항산화효과에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 실험군은 정상군(N), 고콜레스테롤군(HC), 고콜레스테롤과 대두분말식이군(SHC) 및 고콜레스테롤과 DJI 된장분말식이군(DHC)으로 나누어 4주간 실시하였다. 체중증가량과 식이섭취량은 SHC군과 DHC군이 HC군과 N군에 비하여 유의하게 감소 되었다(p<0.05). 식이효율은 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈청 중 AST, ALT 및 ALP활성은 고콜레스테롤과 대두 혹은 된장분말을 함께 급여한 SHC군과 DHC군이 고콜레스테롤 만을 급여한 HC군에 비하여 저하되었으며(p<0.05), N군과는 비슷한 활성을 나타내었다. 혈청 중 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 HC군에 비하여 SHC군과 DHC군에서 유의적으로 감소되는 경향이었고(p<0.05), HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 대두 혹은 된장분말을 함께 급여하였을 경우 고콜레스테롤식이로 증가된 간 조직 중 유리기 해독계 효소인 catalase 및 GSH-Px 활성 억제와 항산화작용을 나타내는 GSH 함량을 증가시킴으로서 지질과산화물에 대한 방어력이 증가되었다. 콜레스테롤 저하 및 항산화효과는 대두분말과 된장분말 간에 차이가 거의 없었다. 이상의 결과 대두 혹은 된장분말은 고콜레스테롤식이로 유도된 산화적 손상에 대한 간 보호효과와 혈청 중 콜레스테롤 저하효과가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of powders of autoclaved soy flour and doenjang fermented using Bacillus subtilis DJI on lipid profiles and antioxidative activities of rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200~210 g were divided into four groups: normal diet group (N), high cholesterol diet group (HC), autoclaved soy flour and high cholesterol diet group (SHC), and doenjang and high cholesterol diet group (DHC). The serum ALT, AST and ALP activities of the SHC and DHC groups were lower than those of the HC group, but exerted no significant change on serum LDH activity. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were markedly decreased by autoclaved soy flour and doenjang administration, while the serum HDL-cholesterol level was higher in groups given autoclaved soy flour and doenjang administration. The GSH-Px and catalase activities in liver elevated by a high cholesterol diet were significantly decreased by autoclaved soy flour and doenjang administration (p<0.05). Liver GSH levels of the SHC and DHC groups were significantly decreased compared to the HC group (p<0.05). Liver TBARS level was significantly decreased in the DHC group fed with doenjang powder compared with those of the HC group (p<0.05). These results suggest that soy flour and doenjang may reduce levels of serum cholesterol and prevent oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidative systems in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.