신장 이식 판자에서 Tribethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole이 감염에 미치는 영향 : Sulfamethoxazole for Prophylaxis of Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients

백인규,강경원,강종명,곽진영 대한신장학회 1996 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.15 No.4

동결건조 갈색거저리 분말 첨가 식빵의 품질 특성

김영모 ( Young-mo Kim ) 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.6

This study aimed to investigate quality characteristics of white bread with Tenebrio molitor L. powder (TMP). Because of the proximate composition analysis of the white bread with TMP, the content of protein and crude fat increased slightly in proportion to brown dough, and ash was highest in white breads with 7% added TMP. The bread volume decreased as TMP content increased. The control bread lightness was highest at 78.3, and was negatively correlated with the TMP content. The degree of redness increased with the TMP concentration. The total free amino acid contents were in the following order: white bread with 7% TMP > white bread with 5% TMP > white bread with 3% TMP. With respect to the texture, white bread springiness and cohesiveness with TMP decreased by storage period. The chewiness and brittleness of white breads with TMP decreased significantly with higher concentrations. With extended storage, the bread with TMP added showed lower springiness and cohesiveness; while bread with a lower TMP percentage maintained better chewiness and brittleness. The sensory taste preference was highest for white bread with 3% TMP. Residual appetite scores showed a lower taste preference as TMP content increased and was lowest for white bread with 3% TMP.

부가어의 의미역 실현 양상 -TMP, LOC, EXT를 중심으로-

최형강(Choe, Hyeong-Gang) 한국어문학회 2020 語文學 Vol.0 No.150

본고는 ‘부가어의 의미역’ 중에서 시간, 장소, 범위를 표시하는 TMP, LOC, EXT에 초점을 맞춘 논의이다. 통사론적인 정보를 통해서는 ‘-를’만을 요구하는 서술어로 확인되더라도 의미구조에 따라 LOC, TMP, EXT를 선별적으로 요구할 수 있기 때문에 LOC, TMP, EXT는 부가어의 의미역에서 중요하게 다룰 필요가 있을 것이다. 또, LOC와 TMP, EXT의 관련성에 주목할 필요도 있는 것이다. 의미 정보에 주목하면 ‘-에서 -까지’ 전체에 EXT를 부여하는 것이 EXT의 사용을 좀 더 원활하게 하는 방법이 될 수도 있을 것이다. 그렇다면 TMP에 대해서도 동일한 방식으로 처리하는 것이 TMP의 분포를 한정하는 데에도 도움이 될 것이다. LOC의 경우는 TMP와의 관련성을 통해 부가어의 의미역으로서의 지위를 확고히 할 수 있을 것이다. LOC의 경우에는 논항의 의미역으로 상정될 가능성도 높지만, 부가어의 의미역으로 LOC가 부여되는 것도 배제할 수는 없을 것이다. This paper focuses on the semantic roles of adjuncts TMP, LOC, and EXT. TMP, LOC, and EXT need to be considered within the semantic roles of adjuncts because they can be selected according to the semantic structure even if the predicate requires only "-를" through syntactic information. It is also worth paying attention to the relevance of LOC, TMP and EXT. By considering semantic information, granting EXT to the entire "-에서 -까지" may be a way to make the use of EXT extensively. If so, treating TMP in the same way would also help to limit the distribution of TMP as a semantic role. In the case of LOC, its relevance to TMP ensures its status as a semantic role of adjunct. LOC is highly frequently used as a semantic role of argument, but it cannot be ruled out that LOC is granted a semantic role of adjunct.

TMP21 regulates autophagy by modulating ROS production and mTOR activation

Shin, Ji Hyun,Cho, Dong-Hyung Elsevier 2019 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.518 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Autophagy is a catabolic cellular response to stress that has been liked to various human diseases. However, the precise involvement of autophagy in health and disease remains unclear. To explore the molecular mechanisms of autophagy, we investigated the effect of TMP21. We found that the down-regulation of TMP21 induced autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, the enhanced autophagy observed upon TMP21 depletion was almost completely blocked in ATG5 knockout (KO) or ATG7-KO HeLa cells. Silencing of TMP21 in SH-SY5Y cells also increased the production of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accordingly, treatment with the ROS scavenger NAC suppressed autophagy activation as well as ROS production in TMP21-depleted cells. In addition, the inhibition of mTOR by treatment with Torin1 was mitigated in TMP21 overexpressing cells compared with that in control cells. Taken together, these results indicated that TMP21 could regulate autophagy by modulating ROS production and mTOR activation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Down regulation of TMP21 induces autophagy in SH-SY5Y. </LI> <LI> Loss of ATG5 or ATG7 blocks TMP21 knockdown-mediated of autophagy in HeLa cells. </LI> <LI> Increased ROS levels regulate autophagy activation in TMP21-knockdown cells. </LI> <LI> Overexpression of TMP21 activates the mTOR pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. </LI> </UL> </P>

γ-Secretase 활성억제단백질인 TMP21의 과발현이 신경세포주에서 NGF 수용체 신호전달과 정에 미치는 영향

Sun Il Choi(최선일),Seung Wan Jee(지승완),Youn Kyung Her(허윤경),Ji Eun Kim(김지은),So Hee Nam(남소희),In Sik Hwang(황인식),Hye Ryun Lee(이혜련),Jun Seo Goo(구준서),Young Ju Lee(이영주),Eon Pil Lee(이언필),Hae Wook Choi(최해욱),Hong 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.8

TMP21은 AD의 원인으로 작용하는 Aβ-42 펩타이드 생성에 중요한 γ-secretase 활성을 억제하는 p24 family에 속하는 type I 막 단백질이다. 본 연구에서는 TMP21이 세포의 성장과 분화에 중요한 NGF 수용체 신호전달과정에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 인간의 TMP21 cDNA를 합성하고, CMV promoter 조절 하에 hTMP21를 클로닝하여, CMV/hTMP21 벡터를 제조하였다. 그리고 이들 벡터를 B35 neuroblastoma에서 과발현시킨 후 γ-secretase 구성단백질과 NGF 수용체 연관 단백질의 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 4종류의 γ-secretase 구성단백질의 발현은 vehicle transfectants보다 CMV/hTMP21 transfectants에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 NGF low affinity 수용체인 p75<SUP>NTR</SUP>과 downstream 단백질인 RhoA의 양은 NGF를 처리하지 않은 TMP21 transfectants에서 유의적으로 증가하였으나 NGF 처리에 의해 감소되었다. High affinity NGF 수용체인 TrkA의 인산화도 NGF 처리가 없는 경우 유의적으로 감소하였으나 NGF 처리에 의해 증가되었다. 또한 downstream 신호전달 과정 중에서 ERK의 인산화는 TrkA와 유사한 발현변화를 나타내었으나 Akt 인산화는 NGF의 처리에 의해 더욱 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 TMP21이 neuroblastoma에서 NGF 수용체 신호전달과정를 조절하는 중요한 단백질로서 작용함을 제시하며, AD의 작용기전 연구에 중요한 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 사료된다. Transmembrane protein 21 (TMP21) is a member of the p24 cargo protein family and has been shown to modulate γ-secretase-mediated Aβ production which was specifically observed in the brains of subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to investigate whether TMP21 could affect nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor signaling pathway, the alteration of NGF receptors and their downstream proteins were detected in TMP21 over-expressed cells. CMV/hTMP21 vector used in this study was successfully expressed into TMP21 proteins in B35 cells after lipofectamin transfection. Expressed TMP21 proteins induced the down-regulation of γ-secretase complex components including Presenlin-1 (PS-1), PS-2, Nicastrin (NST), Pen-2 and APH-1. Also, the expression level of NGF receptor p75<SUP>NTR</SUP> and RhoA were significantly higher in CMV/hTMP21 transfectants than vehicle transfectants, while their levels returned to vehicle levels after NGF treatment. However, the phosphorylation of NGF receptor TrkA was dramtically decreased in NGF No-treated CMV/hTMP21 transfectants compared with vehicle transfectants, and increased in NGF treated CMV/hTMP21 transfectants. In TrkA downstream signaling pathway, the phosphorylation level of ERK was also decreased in CMV/hTMP21 transfectants, while the phosphorylation of Akt was increased in the same transfectants. Furthermore, NGF treatment induced the increase of phosphorylation level of Akt and ERK in CMV/hTMP21 transfectants. Therefore, these results suggested that over-expression of TMP21 may simultaneously induce the up-regulation of p75<SUP>NTR</SUP>/RhoA expression and the down-regulation of TrkA/ERK phosphorylation through the inhibition of γ-secretase activity.

Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole ( TMP / SMX ) 을 복용 중인 외래 환자에서 발생하는 경구 칼륨 투여 후 칼륨 대사 장애

최춘식(Chun Sik Choi),유영조(Young Jo Yoo),김태영(Tae Young Kim),민경환(Kyung Hwan Min),한상웅(Sang Woong Han),노광호(Kwang Ho Roh),양성규(Seong Kyu Yang),유준호(Jun Ho Yoo),오석중(Suk Joong Oh),문중돈(Jung Don Mun),김호중(Ho Jung Ki 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.57 No.1

TMP/SMX has been shown to cause hyperkalemia in a few outpatients on standard-dose. This prospective study was aimed at investigating other associated factors inducing clinically important hyperkalemia in outpatients on standard-dose of TMP/SMX. Methods : Age-matched diabetic(n=22) and non-diabetic (n=20) patients with UTI on standard dose of TMP/SMX for 5 days were given acute oral intake of 40 mEq of potassium chloride(KCl). Results : Before the intake of TMP/SMX, basal levels of serum potassium(K), serum BUN and creatinine, plasma renin activity(PRA), aldosterone(PA), and transtubular potassium gradient(TTKG) were comparable between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Also after TMP/SMX was taken, all parameters didnt reveal any overt changes except a slightly increased serum K but not significantly (from 4.20±0.15 to 4.14±0.21mEq/L in non-diabetics; from 4.13±0.18 to 4.25±0.13mEq/L in diabetics). Following acute oral KCl load, however, the peak increases of serum K changes were significantly higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics(0.34 0.06 vs 0.62 0.09mEq/L, p<0.01). Furthermore, 8 out of 22 diabetics but none of non-diabetics after acute KCl load developed hyperkalemia(> 5.0 mEq/L). After KCl load, PRA did not show any significant changes, whereas PA was increased simultaneously with the increments of serum K in both diabetic subgroups hyperkalemic(n=8) and normokalemic (n=14) diabetics. But increment was blunted in hyperkalemic diabetic subgroup. TTKG was increased prominently in normokalemic diabetic subgroup(9.20 from 4.50), while it was slightly increased in hyperkalemic diabetic subgroup(4.63 from 3.79mEq/L). There was statistical difference between two subgroups(p < 0.05). In conclusion, Besides the known effect of blocking sodium channels in distal K secreting cells by TMP/SMX, insulinopenia(DM). Hypoaldosteronism with its decreased tubular bioactivity, and increased exogenous K intake in concert could cause clinically overt hyperkalemia on standard-dose of TMP/SMX. When standard- dose of TMP/SMX is administered to patients with deranged K homeostasis, especially to diabetics with hypoaldosteronism, blood K level should be monitored meticulously to avoid hyperkalemia.

역삼투방식의 해수담수화(SWRO)공정에서 UF 전처리공정의 유입원수 조정공정으로서 URCⓇ-A공정의 적용성 연구

윤태일,이원일,임현택,임병권,정준연,박태신 대한환경공학회 2019 대한환경공학회지 Vol.41 No.3

In this study, a pilot study combining UF pretreatment with URC Ⓡ -A process was carried out in SWRO desalination. From these experiments, it was confirmed that source seawater quality parameters required for SWRO desalination such as turbidity below 0.1 NTU, TOC below 1.0 mg/L, SDI below 3, algal cells below 300 cells/mL were obtained from this pilot system. In case of high turbidity such as over 40 NTU, 99.2% removal from 42.59 NTU to 0.35 NTU was obtained after URC Ⓡ -A process. In case of high algal condition, over 90% removal was achieved and turbidity below 0.4 NTU, TOC below 1.0 mg/L, algal cells below 300 cells/mL were obtained. By introducing URCⓇ-A process, TMP of UF membrane was lowered 33% than without URCⓇ-A process, after then TMP was maintained continuously at 0.4 bar. In case of high turbidity and high algal conditions, UF process operation was very stable without any bad influence, thanks to good and stable performance of URC Ⓡ -A process. After then, when, without appling URCⓇ-A, original source seawater entered the UF pretreatment, TMP was raised to about 16%. This shows that particulate matter and organic matter in source seawater can cause membrane fouling within a month. The introduction of URC Ⓡ -A process as pretreatment step enabled stable operation of UF process and the lower TMP level of 0.4 bar could be maintained continuously to increase maintenance cleaning cycle and CIP cycle. This operation mode with longer maintenance cleaning and CIP cycles can be more economical than conventional operation mode. 본 연구에서는 SWRO처리에서 UF전처리시스템 앞에 URC Ⓡ -A공정을 조합하여 파이로트실험을 수행하였다. 이 실험을 통하여 이 전처리시스템이 SWRO공정에서 요구되는 수질인 탁도 0.1 NTU, TOC 1.0 mg/L, SDI 3, 조류 300 cells/mL 이하를 제공할 수 있는지를 확인하였다. 해수 원수의 고탁도 조건 실험에서 유입 해수 원수 탁도 42.59 NTU에서 처리수 탁도는0.35 NTU로 99.2%의 제거효율을 보였으며 고농도 조류의 유입 조건에서도 90% 이상의 제거효율을 보여 조류번성 시에도탁도 0.4 NTU, TOC 1.0 mg/L, 조류 300 cells/mL 이하의 매우 양호한 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. URC Ⓡ -A공정의 도입으로 인하여 UF공정의 TMP는 이전보다 33% 감소하였으며 그 이후 TMP는 0.4 bar로 지속적으로 유지 되었다. 고탁도 고조류 조건에서도 URC Ⓡ -A공정의 안정적인 운전으로 UF공정에 미치는 영향은 없었다. 이후 URC Ⓡ -A를 적용하지 않고 기존의 일반 해수 원수가 유입되었을 때, UF공정의 TMP는 약 16% 상승하였다. 이는 제거되지 않은 해수 원수의 입자성 물질과 유기물질이한 달 내에 UF막에 막오염을 유발함을 보여준 것이다. 따라서 URCⓇ-A공정의 도입은 UF공정을 안정적으로 운전할 수 있게하며 0.4 bar 수준의 낮은 TMP유지로 유지세정 및 CIP 주기를 증가시켜 기존의 운전 방식보다 경제적으로 운전이 가능하게해줌을 확인할 수 있었다.

TMP의 과산화수소 표백조건에 따른 백색도 및 환경부하 평가

안치덕,김형진,서진호,정성현 한국펄프·종이공학회 2014 펄프.종이技術 Vol.37 No.5

Nowadays, the bleaching techniques of thermomechanical pulp(TMP) are fast developing on thestrength of some benefits, mainly on low production cost and good fiber property. In this study, the optimumconcentration of bleaching chemicals and the environmental load of bleaching wastes were consideredto improve the bleaching efficiency of thermomechanical pulp using Korean redpine(Pinus densiflora)under the peroxide-based bleaching system. The optical property of TMP after bleaching was plannedto use higher grade of paper, like printing & writting paper, not general newspaper. The concentration of bleaching chemicals, NaOH, Na2SiO3 and EDTA, in hydrogen peroxide bleachingsystem, on the basis of O.D. pulp was closely influenced on the improvement of TMP brightness. Finaltarget of bleaching efficiency was set up to above 76%-ISO brightness. The optimal target brightness ofKorean redpine TMP was reached to 76.45%-ISO under the conditions of H2O2 7% with NaOH 2.20%,Na2SiO3 0.63% and EDTA 0.02%. The concentration of NaOH, Na2SiO3 and EDTA was correlated functionalto the residual peroxide content of wastewater, pH value and electric conductivity of TMP fibersafter bleaching treatment. The optimal bleaching conditions by controlling the addition amount of chemicalswere positively contributed to the brightness stabilization and environmental load of TMP.

역세척, 여과/이완 및 사인파형 연속투과 운전방식에 따른 침지형 평막의 막간차압

김재효,김은수,정건용 한국막학회 2019 멤브레인 Vol.29 No.4

In this study, permeation experiments were conducted using naturally circulating spherical beads, backwashable plate membrane and the air supplied from the bottom of the MBR. The activated sludge solution was maintained at 8,000 mg/L of MLSS and compared transmembrane pressure (TMP) with respect to FR (filtration and relaxation), FR/BW (filtration and relaxation/backwashing), SFCO (sinusoidal filtration continuous operation) and SFCO/BW (sinusoidal filtration continuous operation/backwashing). As the backwashing flux decreased from 47 to 14 L/m2 ⋅hr, the TMP increased generally, but the TMP of FR system increased significantly comparing with SFCO. In addition, the backwashing method reduced more TMP comparing to the cleaning method using spherical beads, and it was confirmed that the operation method using the spherical beads and the backwashing simultaneously is more effective than each method. 본 연구에서는 역세척이 가능한 평막과 MBR 하부에서 공급되는 공기 및 자연적으로 순환되는 구형 입자를 이용하여 투과 실험하였다. 활성슬러지 수용액은 MLSS 8,000 mg/L로 유지하였으며 여과/이완(FR), 이완시 역세척(FR/BW), 사인파형 연속투과 운전(SFCO) 및 사인파형 연속투과 운전 시 역세척(SFCO/BW) 방식에 따른 막간차압(TMP)을 측정하였다. 역세척 유량을 47에서 14 L/m2 ⋅hr로 감소시키면, TMP가 증가하였으며 SFCO보다는 FR 방식의 TMP가 크게 증가하였다. 또한역세척 방식이 구형입자를 이용한 세척방식보다 TMP를 더 감소시켰으며, 구형입자와 역세척 방식을 동시에 사용하면 각각의방법보다 더 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

TMP의 과산화수소 표백 시 TAED 및 SPB의 영향

윤병호,김영훈 강원대학교 삼림과학연구소 2001 Journal of Forest Science Vol.17 No.-

표백 중에 과산화수소의 활성을 위해 TEAD 및 SPB 각각의 첨가 효과를 조사할 목적으로 과산화수소용액에 첨가제별의 반응성을 조사한 후 표백 중에 이들 첨가제를 처리하여 TMP의 백색도를 조사하였다. 반응성의 조사방법은 각각의 첨가제에 의한 과아세트산의 생성량과 과산화수소의 잔존량을 축정하고, 표백의 효과를 백색도의 측정으로 평가하였다. 표준용액 상에서는 과아세트산의 양이 증가함에 따라 반응초기에 존재하는 과산화수소의 양이 시간이 경과함에 따라 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 기존의 과산화수소 표백에 TAED를 첨가제로 사용하면 낮은 온도에서도 펄프의 백색도 향상을 기대 할 수 있었다. 또한 표백에 sodium perborate를 첨가하여 펄프의 백색도를 상당히 개선할 수 있었으며 그 효과는 과산화수소 단독의 사용보다 10포인트이상 증가되었다. Developing of TMP Brightness depends on the activity of hydrogen peroxide, and TAED(tetraacetylethylenediamine) and/or SPB(sodium perborate) were added to promote activation of hydrogen peroxide. In the peroxide solution, adding additives lead to a great loss of the peroxide and the generation of the peracetic acid as much as reduction of it, and during TMP bleaching the additives have the improvement to extent of 10 to 20 points as compared with the conventional method. Futhermore, the brightness of TMP was improved by using of the TEAD at a lower temperature. Key words: Bleaching, TAED, Hydrogen peroxide, Peracetic acid, TMP