Synthesis and characterization of Gd3+ and Sm3+ ion doped ceria electrolytes through an in-situ sulphated combustion technique

R.V. Mangalaraja,S. Ananthakumar,Kasimayan Uma,Romel M. Jiménez,S.Uthayakumar,Marta López,Carlos P. Camurri 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2012 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.13 No.1

An in-situ sulphated-combustion synthesis is reported to obtain gadolinium [Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95] and samarium [Ce0.9Sm0.1O1.95]doped ceria electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Nitrate precursors of cerium, gadolinium and samarium reactants were mixed homogenously with a citric acid fuel with an in-situ addition of 10 and 20 mol% ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4]. The mixture was combusted at 500 oC and subsequently calcined at 700 oC. The influence of the sulphate addition on the morphology of ceria particles has been analyzed. It is seen that the in-situ SO42- ions highly favors the nucleation and growth of doped ceria electrolytes on a nanometer scale with an added advantage of improved crystallinity. TEM analysis indicates loosely agglomerated and nearly spherically shaped ceria nano particles with a maximum particle size of 20 nm.

Metabolic alterations of DHEA and cholesterol sulphates in the hair of patients with acne measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cho, Sung-Hee,Choi, Man Ho,Sim, Woo Y.,Lee, Won-Yong,Chung, Bong Chul Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Experimental dermatology Vol.19 No.7

<P><I>Please cite this paper as:</I> Metabolic alterations of DHEA and cholesterol sulphates in the hair of patients with acne measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Experimental Dermatology 2010; <B>19</B>: 694–696.</P><P>Abstract: </P><P>As the hormonal levels in scalp hair reflects the condition of skin appendage, the level of dehydroepiandrosterone-3-sulphate (DHEAS) and cholesterol sulphate (CS) was evaluated in scalp hair obtained from patients with acne. The hair samples were extracted by alkaline solution and were analysed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled to column switching system. The levels of DHEAS in scalp hair of women with acne were higher (<I>P</I> < 0.001) than controls, while the levels of CS in scalp hair of women and men with acne were higher (<I>P </I>< 0.001) than both control subjects. Increased hair levels of both DHEAS and CS could indicate acne development because of its direct action or stimulatory effect on local enzyme activity. It may be also helpful to understand the pathogenesis of acne based on follicular retention hyperkeratosis and increased sebum production of both steroid sulphates.</P>

High Frequency Induction of Multiple Shoots from Nodal Explants of Vitex negundo L. Using Sodium Sulphate

Chandramu C.,Rao D. Manohar,Reddy V. Dashavantha The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.5 No.2

The effect of sodium sulphate on shoot induction and multiple shoot formation from nodal explants of Vitex negundo L. was tested on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium fortified with different auxins, cytokinins and sucrose. Highest percentage $(97.78\%)$ of explants for shoot induction and multiple shoot (20.68/explant) production were observed in the combination treatment of $N^6-Benzyl$ adenine (BA) $(17.80\;{\mu}M/L)$, ${\alpha}-Naphthalene$ acetic acid (NAA) $(2.15\;{\mu}M/L)$ and $5\%$ sucrose supplemented with 100 mg/L sodium sulphate. In vitro raised shoots were rooted on the half-strength MS medium fortified with different concentrations of NAA, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) alone and in combinations. Among the treatments, $4.90\;{\mu}M/L$ of IBA was found most effective $(95.56\%)$ in inducing roots. The rooted plantlets were shifted to glasshouse for acclimatization and later transferred to the field with cent percent survival. Furthermore, in vitro flowering was observed in the shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA $(8.90\;{mu}M/L)$ and NAA $(1.61\;{\mu}M/L)$.

Geochemical characterization of the organic matter, pore water constituents and shallow methane gas in the eastern part of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea)

Kim, Ji-Hoon,Park, Myong-Ho,Tsunogai, Urumu,Cheong, Tae-Jin,Ryu, Byong-Jae,Lee, Young-Joo,Han, Hyun-Chul,Oh, Jae-Ho,Chang, Ho-Wan Blackwell Scientific 2007 The island arc Vol.16 No.1

<P>Abstract </P><P>Geochemical analyses of sediments, pore water and headspace gas of the piston cores taken from the eastern part of Ulleung Basin of the East Sea (Japan Sea) were carried out to assess the origin of the sedimentary organic matter and interstitial fluid. Several tephra layers within the core are identified as the Ulleung-Oki (10.1 ka), the Aira-Tanzawa (23 ka) and the Ulleung-Yamato (30.9 ka) tephras. With the exception of these volcanic layers, the cores consist predominantly of muddy sediments that contain >0.5% total organic carbon. Atomic C/N ratios and δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>org</SUB> values suggest that the organic matter originated from marine algae rather than from land vascular plants, whereas Rock-Eval pyrolysis suggests that the organic matter is thermally immature and comes from a land vascular plant (Type III). These conflicting results seem to be caused by the heavy oxidization of the marine organic matter. Sulphate concentration profiles of pore waters show strongly linear depletion (<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP> > 0.97) with sediment depth. The estimated sulphate–methane interface (SMI) depth using the sulphate concentration gradient was nearly 3.5 m below seafloor (mbsf) in the southern part of the study area, and deeper than 6 mbsf in the northern part of the area. The difference in SMI depths is likely associated with the amount of the methane flux. The methane concentration below the SMI in the two southern cores increases rapidly, implying the occurrence of methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO). In contrast, the two northern cores have a low methane concentration below the SMI. δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>CH<SUB>4</SUB></SUB> values measured from all cores were in the range of −83.5 to −69.5‰, which suggests that the methane derives from a methanogenic microbe. δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>CH<SUB>4</SUB></SUB> values become decreased toward SMI, but increased below SMI; therefore, δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>CH<SUB>4</SUB></SUB> has eventually the minimum value near the SMI. The δ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>CH<SUB>4</SUB></SUB> values are also decreased when the methane concentration is increased. These phenomena support the typical occurrence of AMO in the study area.</P>

한강 지류의 유기물 농도와 황산염 환원세균의 상관관계

김해영,김태성,김병홍,김재문 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1992 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The number of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in some of the tributaries to the Han River was determined by the most probable number method using Postgate's Medium E.Higher number of SRB were obtained in the streams to which industrial waste water is discharged than those receiving only domestic waste water.

한강 지류의 유기물 농도와 황산염 환원세균수의 상관관계

김해영,김태성,김병홍,김재문 한국산업미생물학회 1992 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The number of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in some of the tributaries to the Han River was determined by the most probable number method using Postgate's Medium E. Higher numbers of SRB were obtained in the streams to which industrial waste water is discharged than those receiving only domestic waste water.

Iron-Reducing and Sulphate-Reducing Bacterial Populations’ Dynamics and Activities in Rice Paddy Soil under Subsurface Drainage

Otoidobiga Cecile Harmonie 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Characterization Study of Zinc Sulphate’s Influence and Retarding Mechanism with Coarser and Finer Fly Ash Particles in Concrete

Loganathan Krishnaraj,Niranjan Ramesh,Rajendran Senthil Kumar,Prem Kumar George 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.9

Pozzolan, a modified cementitious material, has a major impact on the construction industry. Among the different composite materials, fly ash blended cement has great part due to its abundance. In recent years, the pulverized fly ash has become the key interest among the researchers because of its improved physical properties. This makes it necessary to study the effect of fly ash blends with various chemical admixtures. This study primarily focuses on bringing the changes happening in the strength, retarding mechanism, setting time, mineralogy, and microstructure caused by the addition of Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) in concrete having various percentages of raw fly ash (RFA) and ultrafine fly ash (UFFA). The result shows that ZnSO4 increases the setting time by more than 60%. Also, the study indicates decreased strength in concrete because of the reduced formation of hydrated products; this phenomenon is confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis.

Eco-friendly management of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) using ozone, copper sulphate and calcium sulphate and its impact on productivity of lemon trees

Mahmoud Abdel-Sattar,Sandy E. Hammad 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.6

Safety concerns necessitate the search for alternative ecologically friendly methods of pest management while simultaneously increasing productivity. From this point of view, a fi eld experiment on Eureka Lemon ( Citrus limon L) trees was undertaken with the goal of reducing the usage of nematicides and enhancing lemon tree productivity. In this study, ozone was used either alone or in combination with copper sulphate or calcium sulphate to control the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipen- etrans . The single treatments of the three compounds and the combined applications signifi cantly aff ected T. semipenetrans infection, enhanced the nutritional status of lemon trees and increased fruit set and yield. The combined applications were more eff ective than the individual ones, with ozone + calcium sulphate yielding the maximum values of fruit physical (fruit volume, length, diameter and weight) and chemical (TSS, the TSS/acidity ratio and Vitamin C) characteristics while reducing the acidity. There were no signifi cant diff erences in the impact on citrus nematode between the combined applications and ozone treatment. The application of ozone + copper sulphate signifi cantly reduced the fi nal nematode populations and the reproduction factor. Thus, ozone + calcium sulphate and ozone + copper sulphate are potential alternatives to nematicides for managing citrus nematodes and increasing the yield and quality of Eureka lemon trees.

황산염을 함유한 생석회와 화학첨가제 혼합토의 팽창특성

민덕기,황광모,정진형 울산대학교 2003 공학연구논문집 Vol.34 No.1

최근 많이 건설중인 도로에서 연약지반을 노상토로 사용하게 될 경우, 공학적으로 많은 문제점이 발생되기 때문에 생석회, 시멘트 등의 여러 가지 화학첨가제를 첨가하여 지반을 개량하게 된다. 특히 생석회에 의한 토질안정처리공법에서 주된 반응은 생석회와 흙 사이에 장기간에 걸쳐 일어나는 포졸란 반응이며, 산성화된 우수 및 공장의 폐수로 오염된 토양 속의 황산염과 결합하여 토질안정처리의 많은 문제점이 발생되고 있다. 도로의 기층재료로 사용된 생석회 혼합토는 흙 속의 황산염과 반응하여 Ettringite, Thaumasite, Gypsum과 같은 팽창성 반응생성물을 생성하여, 도로의 균열 등 악영향을 미친다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 생석회와 화학첨가제(CaCl₂, CaSO₄, Fe₂O₃)를 혼합하여 산성화된 우수나 공장지대의 오염된 폐수 속에 포함된 황산염에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 연구결과, 황산염은 생석회 혼합토의 팽창특성을 변화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 팽창특성은 간극수의 pH가 낮을수록 팽창성이 증가하였으며, CaSO₄를 첨가한 생석회 혼합토의 팽창성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 팽창성의 증가는 황산염과 반응하여 생성된 침상의 Ettringite의 생성에 기인한 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. Lime has been extensively utilized to stabilize the weak and soft compressible clay deposits. It has been recently reported that the presence of sulphate causes abnormal volume changes in lime-stabilized soils. Volume change in lime-stabilized soils can take place due to ettringite, thaumasite, and gypsum, which are complex calcium-silicate-hydroxide-sulphate-carbonate-hydrate minerals. Sulphate compounds cause a variety of serious geotechnical hazards such as swell pressure and damages to light structures and pavements. This paper discusses the influence of sulphate on sulplus soil specimens treated with lime and chemical additives(CaCl₂, CaSO₄, Fe₂O₃). The main objective of this paper is to estimate the physical behavior of lime-treated sulplus soils after curing periods of up to 60 days. The physical and mechanical characteristics were explained by means of a laboratory study. The formation of sulphate compounds due to soil-lime and sulphate reactions were identified by X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). The results showed that the sulphate increased swelling properties of soils. Theswelling properties development is probably related to the needle-like crystals which were able to be observed by SEM.