Reliability and Validity of a Force-Sensing Resistor for the Measurement of Static Hindlimb Weight Distribution in Beagle Dogs

허수영,정희준,정재민,정성목,이해범 한국임상수의학회 2018 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.35 No.5

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Force-Sensing Resistor (FSR)for measurement of static hindlimb weight distribution in beagle dogs and to compare these results to a Digital WeighingScale (DWS). Nine healthy beagle dogs were recruited for this study. Static weight distribution was evaluated fourtimes at intervals of 5 days with each device and two observers to calculate the intra- and interobserver reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of the FSR for intraobserver reliability were moderate to good (0.74). The results for the DWS showed poor to moderate (0.56) ICC values for intraobserver reliability. The ICC valuesfor interobserver reliability were 0.53 and 0.61 for FSR and DWS, respectively, indicating poor to moderate agreement. Our findings suggest that the Force-Sensing Resistor can be used to measure static weight distribution in veterinarymedicine. However, caution should be taken when comparing measured values of static weight distribution obtainedutilizing both the FSR and DWS due to their low positive correlation (R = 0.41, p < 0.01).

Reliability Test of Smartphone-based Leg-Joint Position-Sense Measurement in People of All Ages

Seul-Ki Han,Dae-Hee Lee,Hye-Joo Jeon 대한신경치료학회 2022 신경치료 Vol.26 No.1

Purpose This study investigated the reliability of a smartphonebased test of lower limb joint position sense. Methods The 69 selected subjects were all ages. Ankle, knee, and hip joint position sense were measured using the Sensor Kinetics Pro application on a Galaxy 8 smartphone. The subjects were requested to remember any angle and then to reproduce the angle after 10 seconds. The reliability of the smartphone application was confirmed using the testretest method. Results The results showed very high reliability for the ankle and knee joints (intraclass correlation [ICC]>0.75) and significantly high correlations (r>0.70, r>0.50, p<0.01). In contrast, hip joint flexion and extension showed low reliability (ICC<0.40) and no significant correlation (r<0.30, p>0.01), while hip joint adduction and abduction showed high reliability (ICC>0.60) and significantly high correlation (r>0.30, p<0.01). Conclusion The findings of the present study reveal that a smartphone can be a sufficiently useful device for measuring joint position sense.

APMD: A fast data transmission protocol with reliability guarantee for pervasive sensing data communication

Liu, Yuxin,Liu, Anfeng,Li, Yuxuan,Li, Zhetao,Choi, Young-june,Sekiya, Hiroo,Li, Jie Elsevier 2017 Pervasive and mobile computing Vol.41 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In pervasive sensing data communication systems, it is significant to ensure data reliably and rapidly sent to the control center. Otherwise, laggard data transmission may result in vital loss. An adaptive persistent m data (APMD) transmission protocol is proposed to reduce delay with reliability guarantee for pervasive sensing data communication systems. In APMD transmission protocol, each data packet is sent for m ( m ≥ 1 ) times by sender at the first time of transmission. If the data packet cannot be received successfully for m times, sender will transmit this data packet again and wait for ACK sent back by receiver in the send and wait way. The next data packet will not be sent until this packet is sent successfully or the time of transmission reaches the maximum limit. The option of appropriate value of m is based on the energy situation, which guarantees high network lifetime. Both theoretical analysis and experimental simulation results indicate that the APMD protocol is better than the previous data transmission protocol. The delay can be reduced by 12.73%–14.78%, the energy utilization rate can be improved by about 35% compared to the SW-ARQ protocol, while the reliability increases slightly and the lifetime has no difference.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A fast data transmission protocol is proposed for pervasive sensing. </LI> <LI> The high reliability can be guaranteed in our protocol. </LI> <LI> The delay can be reduced by 12.73%–14.78% compare to previous studies in our protocol. </LI> <LI> The energy utilization can be enhanced by 35%. </LI> </UL> </P>

디지털경사계를 사용한 체간재위치오류 검사의 신뢰도 분석

장우남,이경보,염준우,황병용,Chang, Woo-Nam,Lee, Kyoung-Bo,Yeom, Jun-Woo,Hwang, Byong-Yong 대한물리치료학회 2013 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: A cost effective tool for the clinical measurement of trunk reposition sense is clearly needed. This study was to analyze intrarater and interrater Reliability of trunk repositioning error (TRE) test which assesses trunk position sense using a portable digital inclinometer. Methods: Twenty four normal healthy subjects were recruited. TRE was measured using a portable digital inclinometer. A digital inclinometer (Acumar-ACU360; Lafayetter Instrument) with precision to $1^{\circ}$ was placed on skin over the spinous process from first to second thoracic vertebra (T1-T2) and secured with double-sided tape. TRE test during sitting forward and lateral flexion movement was assessed. When they reached a point approximately 50% of full trunk flexion range, the examiner instructed the subjects to stop and told them. This was the target position that they should try to reproduce exactly. Each subject performed six trials. Results: ICC (2,1) for intrarater reliability (with-day and between-day) of TRE test in sagittal and frontal plane of movement was 0.75 and 0.78 (excellent reliability). Interrater reliability was 0.66 in sagittal and 0.64, frontal plane (fair to good reliability). However, there were poor correlations between an average of TRE test in sagittal and frontal plane. Conclusion: TRE test using a portable digital inclinometer demonstrated good to excellent reliability. The device may be a cost effective clinical measurement for trunk reposition sense measurement.

일반논문 : 고등학생용 눈치척도 개발 및 타당화

조규판 ( Gyu Pan Cho ),권태우 ( Tae Woo Kwon ),김경원 ( Kyung Won Kim ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2016 교육문화연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 고등학생용 눈치척도를 개발하고, 그 타당성을 검증하는 것이다. 문헌연구를 통하여 눈치를 구성하는 요인으로 정서적 눈치, 행동적 눈치를 설정한 후 이들 구성요인에부합되는 197문항을 제작하였다. 제작된 문항 중 내용이 유사한 문항을 수정하거나 삭제하여 95 문항을 1차 예비문항으로 선정한 다음 전문가의 검토를 거쳐 정서적 눈치 15문항, 행동적 눈치10문항 총 25문항을 선정하였다. 이들 문항으로 구성된 검사를 173명의 고등학생에게 실시하여문항과 구성요인간의 상관분석과 요인분석을 실시한 결과 정서적 눈치 7문항, 행동적 눈치 6문항의 2개요인 13개 문항이 최종 문항으로 선정되었다. 눈치척도는 두 구성요인과 척도의 총점간의 상관이 높아 구인타당성이 입증되었으며, 문항내적합치도가 높아 신뢰도가 입증되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 눈치척도는 고등학생들의 눈치를 측정하는 도구로써 적합한 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to develop the Sense of Wit Scale for high school students, and examine the validity and reliability. Two factors of sense of wit were identified based on the results of literature review, which are emotional sense of wit and behavioral sense of wit. 197 items that represented the two factors were developed based on the result of literature review. 95 items were selected from the original questionnaire by researchers. 25 items, which are 15 items for emotional sense of wit factor and 10 items for behavioral sense of wit factor, were selected from 95 items based on review of a professional. 173 high school students were sampled for the study. Factor analysis confirmed the two factors with 13 items that are 7 items for emotional sense of wit factor 6 items for behavioral sense of wit factor. To examine the construct validity of the test, correlation coefficient between two factors and total score of the test was computed. Each factor was highly correlated with total score of the test. The Sense of Wit Scale also had high internal consistency. Therefore, the Sense of Wit Scale has high validity and reliability so that it can be used to measure sense of wit for high school students.

수동적 슬관절 관절 위치 감각 측정 방법의 신뢰도 평가

김세환,김돈규,강시현,서경묵 대한재활의학회 2010 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.34 No.5

Objective: To investigate the optimal number of repetition trials and to evaluate the test-retest reliability of passive knee joint position sense test. Method: Thirty healthy subjects were tested with isokinetic machine. The knee joints were placed in starting angle of 0o for flexion test and 90o for extension test. To memorize the target angle, the knees were passively positioned to the target angle (30o in flexion test and 60o in extension test) and left hold for 10 seconds, and returned to starting position. After these processes, knee joints were passively moved toward target angles. The subjects were instructed to press button when the memorized angles were estimated to be reproduced. The tests were performed 6 times for each test angle. After 48 hours, the tests were repeated. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated with the values of test and retest. Results: There were no significant differences in absolute angular errors (AAE) between dominant and non-dominant side. The ICC value of above five repetitions of test showed excellent reliability (0.807) whereas three and four repetitions showed moderate reliabilities (0.536∼0.709). Conclusion: From the results of this study, we suggest that five repetitions of test could be appropriate for the passive joint position sense test. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2010; 34: 560-564)

Key Technologies for Future Motor Drives

Lorenz Robert D. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2005 KIEE International Transactions on Electrical Mach Vol.b5 No.4

This paper presents technologies that have strategic importance in future motor drives. The underlying strategic issue for motor drives is maintaining cost while increasing certain dimensions of functionality. The dimensions of functionality which should increase include reliability and added value features such as providing continuous energy optimization, providing sensing of the driven system suitable for application specific diagnostic purposes, and providing continuously optimal thermal utilization of the capability of the drive. This paper will address each of these issues and discuss the technology status for each case, with a focus on research needed to fully deliver the needed functionality.

유아교사 미술 교수효능감 척도 타당화 연구

지성애 ( Sung Ae Chi ) 한국유아교육학회 2014 유아교육연구 Vol.34 No.6

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Sense of Visual Art Teaching Efficacy Inventory for Early Childhood Teachers (SVATEI-ECT). The subjects used in this study were 489 early childhood teachers. Data were analyzed by Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA), Pearson r and Cronbach . Result of the test on content validity as evaluated by the early childhood teacher was high. It was found that the Sense of Visual Art Teaching Efficacy Inventory for Early Childhood Teachers was a reliable and valid measure for evaluating the sense of visual art teaching efficacy for early childhood teachers. 본 연구의 목적은 유아교사 미술 교수효능감 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하는데 있다. 연구대상은 유아교사 489명이었으며, 수집된 자료는 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석 Pearson r 그리고 Cronbach .계수를 구하여 본 연구에서 구축한 유아교사 미술 교수효능감 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 분석 결과 유아교사 미술 교수효능감 척도의 문항 이해도는 4.53, 문항 적합성은 4.39로 나타나 내용 타당도가 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과 7개 요인이 추출되었으며, 확인적 요인분석 결과 7요인으로 확인되었다. 유아교사 미술 교수효능감 척도 총점과 각 하위영역 간의 상관계수도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 문항 내적합치도 계수도 .95로 산출되어 유아교사 미술 교수효능감 척도는 유아교사의 미술 교수효능감을 측정할 수 있는 타당하고 신뢰도가 높은 검사도구로 밝혀졌다.

유아 수감각 검사도구 개발: 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증을 중심으로

구효진,최진선 한국유아특수교육학회 2012 유아특수교육연구 Vol.12 No.3

The aim of this study was to develop a ‘Number Sense Test’ for young children focusing on analysis of validity and reliability in order to contribute fundamental basis to early childhood mathematics education. The ‘Number Sense Test’ was carried out with 438 children aged 3 to 5 years old (388 children without developmental delay and 50 children with developmental delay). First, item analysis was conducted in relation to the mean and standard variation and afterwards 38 items(6 items of intuitive quantity discrimination, 5 items of intuitive simple arithmetic, 9 items of intuitive size discrimination, 7 items of intuitive volume discrimination, 5 items of intuitive force discrimination, 3 items of intuitive pattern sequence and 3 items of intuitive analogy) were confirmed based on the pass rate. Second, concerned with reliability, Cronbach α was in the range of .71 to .84 and test-retest reliability ranged from .72 to .97. Related with validity, Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the total score and sub-factors was reported to range from .40 to .84. The implication and the possibility of field appliance of the ‘Number Sense Test’ were discussed based on the results of this study. 본 연구는 발달지체 및 일반유아의 수감각 측정과 관련된 도구를 개발하고 해당 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도에 대한 검증을 목적으로 실시되었다. 만 3-5세 438명(일반유아 388명, 발달지체유아 50명)의 유아가 참여하였으며 수집된 자료를 기초로 7개 하위요인에 대한 64개 문항의 평균과 표준편차를 구하였다. 이후 개별 문항에 대한 통과율을 기초로 64개의 문항에서 최종 38개(‘직관적 수량비교’에서 6문항, ‘직관적 연산’에서 5문항, ‘직관적 크기비교’에서 9문항이, ‘직관적 부피비교’에서 7문항, ‘직관적 질량비교’에서 5문항, ‘직관적 패턴’에서 3문항, ‘직관적 유추’에서 3문항)의 문항을 선정하였다. 신뢰도 검증 결과, Cronbach α는 .71-.84, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .72-.97였으며 타당도 검증을 위해 산출된 총점 및 요인 간 상관계수는 .40-.84로 보고되었다. 연구 결과를 기초로 유아 수감각 검사의 학문적 의의와 교육 현장에서의 활용도에 대해 논의하였다.

신뢰성 예측을 이용한 분산 압축 비디오 센싱의 성능 개선

김진수 한국산업정보학회 2018 한국산업정보학회논문지 Vol.23 No.6

최근에 원거리 비디오 센싱과 같은 응용은 많은 무선 네트워크에 중요한 응용으로 크게관심을 받고 있다. 분산 압축 비디오 센싱기술은 높은 부호화 복잡도를 간단히 하고, 동시에 비디오데이터를 캡처함과 동시에 압축함으로써 이 분야에 적용 가능한 기술로 고려되고 있다. 특히, 움직임 보상 블록 압축센싱 기술인 MC-BCS-SPL은 분산 압축 비디오 센싱 방법 중에 효과적인 기술로서 고려되고 있으나, 복원된 위너-지브 프레임에서 우수하지 못한 성능을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는기존의 MC-BCS-SPL 알고리즘을 살펴보고, 이웃하는 키프레임 사이에 신뢰성에 기초하여 효과적으로 움직임 보상 프레임을 얻는 방법을 도입함으로써 우수한 화질을 제공하는 방법을 제안한다. 다양한 실험 결과를 통하여 제안한 알고리즘은 기존의 알고리즘에 비해 우수한 화질을 제공할 수 있음을 확인한다.