도시-농촌지역 고등학생의 성장, 혈압 및 혈중콜레스테롤에 대한 연구

김락형,장인수,윤정훈,강신화,강현철,Kim Lak-Hyung,Jang In-Soo,Yun Jeong-Hun,Kang Shin-Hwa,Kang Hyon-Chul 대한예방한의학회 2001 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate and compare the growth, blood pressure, and s-cholesterol of urban and rural students in Korea. Methods: April 1999, We examined the students' health of a boys high school and a girls high school in a urban area - Jeonju, Korea.(boys were 317, girls were 343). And we also examined the students' health of a high school in a rural area - Gimje, Korea.(boys were 33, girls wee 36). Height, body-weight, Body Mass Index(BMI)I, blood pressure, and s-cholesterole were checked and compared between two groups. Results and Conclusion: The mean of height in urban students was $165.25{\pm}7.79cm$, and that in rural students was $163.77{\pm}8.72cm$. There was no significant difference stastically between two groups. The mean of body-weight in urban students $(57.78{\pm}10.51kg)$ was significantly higher than that in rural students $(54.71{\pm}10.11kg)$)(p<0.05). The mean of body mass index(BMI) in urban students $(21.12{\pm}3.27kg/m2)$ was significantly higher than that in rural students $(20.30{\pm}2.69kg/m2)$(p<0.05). Obese students $(BMI{\geq}27)$ were 31(4.70%) in urban students, 3(4.35%) in rural students. The mean of systolic blood pressure in rural students $(114.99{\pm}9.50mmHg)$ was significantly higher than that in urban students $(111.89{\pm}12.42mmHg)$(p<0.05) The mean of diastolic blood pressure in rural students$(75.72{\pm}9.90mmHg)$ was very significantly higher than that of urban students $(68.45{\pm}9.40mmHg)$(p<0.001). Hypertensives (${\geq}138/86mmHg\;in\;boys,\;{\geq}130/83mmHg$ in girls) were 28(4.24%) in urban students, 13(18.84%) in rural students. The mean of s-cholesterol in urban students was $174.95{\pm}32.28mg/dL$, and that in rural students was $176.81{\pm}33.18mg/dL$. There was no significant difference stastically between two groups. Hypercholesterolemias (${\geq}198mg/dL$ in boys, ${\geq}212mg/dL$ in girls) were 130(19.70%) in urban students, 14(20.89%) in rural students. These results suggest that there are differences in body weight, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure between urban and rural students and that it is necessary to consider these differences in health examination.

Rural students’ evolving educational aspirations and the sense of ‘fit’ in the changing context of China’s higher education: a life history approach

Chen, Jiexiu 서울대학교 교육연구소 2022 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.23 No.2

Since the restoration of the Gaokao (College Entrance Examination) in 1977 and the nationwide higher education expansion that started in 1998, millions of rural students have enrolled in urban universities. Though Chinese rural students’ educational trajectories have received extensive attention, their subjective experiences in the rapidly changing context of the higher education system remain insufficiently represented in the literature. This paper utilises a life history approach to explore three successful rural students’ journeys towards and through higher education, graduating from university in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. Through interweaving the social context and individual accounts in this paper, I examine how educational aspirations (as individual choices and strategies) are shaped by changes in the social milieus in which one is situated and how rural students perceive classed differences in the context of an expanding urban–rural divide. I highlight the point that rural families’ aspirations towards higher education are not simply personal preference but rather are constructed within the nexus of perceived limitations and opportunities and are complexly shaped by the social and economic context. I argue that, though the forms of symbolic domination might vary across the studied timeframe—from clothes to extra-curricular activities to comprehensive ability—the rural students’ disadvantaged situation in the urban university remained largely unchanged.

Factors Associated with Rural High School Students’ Financial Plans for Meeting Their College Costs

Ui Jeong Moon(문의정),Heather A. Bouchey,Jung Eun Kim(김정은) 한국FP학회 2017 Financial Planning Review Vol.10 No.2

이 연구는 미국 시골지역 고등학생들이 대학교육에 필요한 비용을 지불하기 위해 어떠한 재무설계/계획을 하고 있는지 알아보기 위한 것으로, 학생들의 배경요인들이 각각의 재무계획 유형별로 어떠한 관련을 갖는지 분석하였다. 자료는 미국 버몬트의 북동쪽 지역 5학년-12학년 학생들을 대상으로 이루어진 시골 청소년 계획(Rural Adolescent Plans) 종단 조사를 활용하였다. 학업에 높은 자신감을 보인 학생들은 장학금에 대한 기대와 학자금 대출 계획을 보였으며, 경제적 위기를 경험하였던 학생들은 정부나 대학으로부터 학자금 대출을 받고자 할 가능성이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 대학교육을 받지 않은 부모슬하의 학생들을 따로 분석한 결과, 학년이 높아질수록 취업에 대한 계획과 부모로부터 도움받으려는 계획을 세울 확률이 적었다. 양부모 가정의 학생들은 취업을 계획하는 경우가 많았으며, 대학진학에 대한 확고한 결정은 장학금 수혜에 대한 기대와 정적 관계가 있었다. 한편 대학교육을 받은 부모의 자녀들에게 있어, 시골지역을 벗어나는 것이 중요하다는 인식과 부모로부터 재정적 지원을 받고자 하는 계획 간에는 유의한 정적 상관이 있었다. 이에 따라 사회, 경제, 문화, 지리적 취약계층의 학생들을 고려한 재무교육 프로그램 개발 및 평가에 기여할 수 있도록 각 재무계획별 장․단점에 대해 논의하였다. This study aims to explore what financial plans rural high school students have for meeting their college costs, and which characteristics of rural students are associated with their different types of financial plans to pay for their education. Data were drawn from the Rural Adolescent Plans study, a longitudinal survey of 5<SUP>th</SUP>-12<SUP>th</SUP> grade students in northeast Vermont. We found that students who were academically competent were more likely to expect to win scholarships/awards and apply for government and school loans. Students who experienced financial strain were less likely to apply for government and school loans. Among students whose parents did not have a college degree, older students were less likely to plan to work while in college and receive money from parents. Those living in two-parent families were likely to plan to work; and students who had a concrete decision for college were more likely to plan to win scholarships/awards. Meanwhile, among students with college educated parents, the belief that it is important to escape from their rural area was significantly associated with plans to receive money from parents. Possible benefits and drawbacks of each type of financial plan are discussed, which can contribute to the development and evaluation of college financial education programs for socially, economically, culturally, and geographically disadvantaged students.

自我认知、创业自我效能感与中国民族地区高校大学生乡村创业意向关系的实证研究

曹庆楼,谢美娟 부산대학교 중국연구소 2022 Journal of China Studies Vol.25 No.2

As a booster and catalyst for high-quality economic development, innovation and entrepreneurship have been essential for national economic development and a crucial means and measure to increase employment. It helps to promote the deep integration of human, capital, and financial factors. Studies have found that rural innovation and entrepreneurship promote urban-rural integration and agricultural modernization. Meanwhile, college students have gradually become the main force of innovation and entrepreneurship. College students return to their hometowns to start their businesses, which has become a new wave under the current domestic general cycle and the policy guidance of rural revitalization. Therefore, college students must return to their hometowns to start their businesses and realize the national rural revitalization and employment priority strategy. Taking the group of college students in ethnic areas of Guizhou as the research object, this paper established a model of self-cognition, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention (AMOS structural equation model). Based on the SPSS22.0 and AMOS21.0 software, this paper empirically investigated the influencing mechanism of college students' entrepreneurial self-perceptions on their intention to return to their hometown. According to the empirical results, self-cognition has a significant positive effect on individual entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly and positively affects entrepreneurial intention. Self-cognition has no significant direct effect on entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a full mediating effect in the relationship between self-cognition and entrepreneurial intention. Finally, on the one hand, this paper focuses on the rural entrepreneurial behavior of college students in ethnic backward areas. It expands the study of entrepreneurial intention based on its empirical results, which makes up for the deficiencies of existing studies and provides a new perspective for studying college students' entrepreneurship in their hometowns. On the other hand, this study examines the mechanism of self-perception influencing the entrepreneurial intention of college students in ethnic areas, which is helpful for scholars to understand the relationship between self-perception and entrepreneurial intention clearly. Thus, the research on self-perception and entrepreneurial intention has been enriched.

도시와 농촌지역 초등과학 영재학생들의 정의적 특성 및 교육 요구분석

김명진 ( Myoung Jin Kim ),최선영 ( Sun Young Choi ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2016 초등과학교육 Vol.35 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze affective characteristics and the demands of elementary science gifted students on gifted educations in urban and rural areas. The subjects were 196 science gifted students. The survey questionnaires were consisted of self-esteem, interests in science, scientific attitudes, and demands regarding gifted classes. The results of this study were as follows. First, self-esteem and interests in science, particularly interests toward science, toward science learning, toward science related careers, in urban gifted students were higher than those in rural areas. Whereas interests toward science activities and science anxiety of science gifted students in rural areas were significantly higher than those in urban area. Furthermore, scientific attitudes of science gifted students in urban area were higher than rural those in open-mindedness, critical-mindedness, voluntariness, creativity, whereas science gifted students in rural areas were higher than urban those in cooperation. Second, for the analysis on demands regarding class contents and methods, ‘teaching content that challenges and exciting stimuli’ of science gifted students in rural areas were significantly higher than those in urban area. Third, for the analysis on demands regarding educational environments, ‘satisfaction with class materials provided by gifted classes’ of gifted students in urban area were higher than those in rural area.

농촌 고등학생이 지각한 부모갈등과 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계에서 자기조절능력의 매개효과

김종운(Jong-Un Kim),유혜숙(Hea-Suk You) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 농촌 고등학생을 대상으로 농촌 고등학생 자녀가 지각한 부모갈등이 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계에서 자기조절능력의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 울산광역시 울주군 온양읍에 소재 읍단위 중심의 농촌지역에 거주하고 있는 N고등학교 1, 2학년 남녀학생 364명을 대상으로 부모갈등 척도, 심리적 안녕감척도, 자기조절능력 척도를 가지고 2015년 9월 1일부터 2주 간 검사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS Ver. 21.0으로 통계 처리하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 농촌 고등학생이 지각한 부모갈등, 심리적 안녕감, 자기조절능력 간의 상관에서는 유의미한 결과가 나타났다. 둘째, 매개효과를 알아보기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 농촌 고등학생이 지각한 부모갈등과 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계에서 자기조절능력은 부분 매개효과가 있었다. 따라서 학교 상담실 및 청소년 상담센터 등의 상담 및 심리치료 접근에서 심리적 부적응 및 문제행동을 가지고 있는 농촌 고등학생을 상담할 때 부모갈등과 심리적 안녕감의 관계를 알게 하고 내담자가 사용하는 기존의 부적응적인 인지, 정서, 행동 전략을 수정하고 자기조절능력을 증진할 수 있도록 도와주는 것이 중요한 요소임을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of self regulation ability in the effects of rural areas highs school students’ realization of conflicts between parents on psychological well-being. Interparental conflicts has an effect on psychological well-being of the rural areas high school students. In order to achieve the purpose, N high school city which is in rural area is located at Onyang-eup, Ulju county, Ulsan Metropolitan. The scales of parents conflicts, the psychological well-being, and the self regulation ability are examined with 364 male and female students. finally, 348 students are participated. The collected documents are dealt with by SPSS Ver. 21.0. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, there are no significant differences among interparental conflicts perceived by the rural areas high school students, psychological well-being, and self regulation ability, respectively. Second, self regulation ability in the relations between interparental conflicts and psychological well-being of rural areas high school students. Third, there is partial mediation effect of multiple regression analyses, self regulation ability has the partial. The results of this study showed, in schools or counselling centers, it is that the counselors should encourage the clients know the relation between interparental conflict and psychological well-being and that the counselors help the clients modify the maladaptive cognitive, emotional and behavioral strategies and improve the adaptive strategies. Therefore, help to students improve self regulation ability, which is very important to modify the maladaptive behavior and attitude of the high school students.

교육적 공간으로서 농촌 소규모 초등학교에 관한 문화기술적 연구

최성광,강용태,박진채 교육종합연구원 2016 교육종합연구 Vol.14 No.3

Recently, the Korean education authority has been discussing the efficiency of running suburban-rural schools and attempts to integrate them together to save educational finance. However, this attempt should be followed by in-depth explorations of the lives of school members and their educational experiences and their educational meaning. This study attempted to elucidate students’ and teachers’ experiences of a suburban-rural school and to interpret the educational meaning of their experiences. Applying qualitative research methods, the researches have tried to explore the school lives and the relations between students and between students and teachers of ‘Narae’ Elementary School located near ‘M’ Metropolitan City. The results which emerged in the form of students’ and teachers’ experiences show at least the following three themes. First, playing is the best activity in students lives and through the play they experience as an important lifeworld in the school. The play contributes to understand of other students and finally to form good and well-rounded character. Students experience deficit in their house, but enjoy their lives in the school. Second, teachers experience common ethos of the school community through their formal and informal activities in the school and close relationship among others, and finally form cooperative group identity. Third, these experiences reduce school problems such as school bullying and violence and rather make possible form students’ good character and teachers’ active attitude toward their students and the community. The small-sized suburban-rural schools are functioning as a useful space for orderliness and cooperation, not a money-consuming place. In conclusion, the school is the embryo of relations, feelings, orderliness, rules, and discipline. The policy for the small-sized suburban-rural schools should be carefully implemented.

1920-30년대 上海의 대학교육과 청년학생의 사회 개혁 활동

정문상(Chung, Moon-sang) 호서사학회 2018 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.85

5·4운동을 통해 ‘심적 혁명’을 겪은 중국의 청년학생들은 이후 중국의 개혁과 변화를 이끄는 주요 사회세력으로 부상했다. 상해의 청년학생들은 자신들이 품었던 사회 변화와 변혁의 의지와 열망을 다양한 방식으로 표출하였다. 이 글은, 학교당국의 지원 아래 학내에서 청년학생에 의해 시도된 사회 변혁 방안에 주목하고, 그 예로 1920년대 복단대학 학생들의 평민발간 및 합작사운동과 1930년대 대하대학 학생들의 민중야학 및 농촌부흥운동을 분석했다. 두 운동은, 비록 추진 주체와 그 시기가 달랐지만 공통점이 있었다. 첫째 두 운동은 두 대학 학생들이 품고 실천하고자 했던 사회 개혁방안의 연장선상에 있었다. 둘째, 두 대학 학생들의 사회 개혁 방안이 합작사운동으로 그리고 농촌부흥운동으로 전환되고 확장될 수 있었던 것은 학교당국의 지원에 힘입은 바 컸다. 가장 중요한 지원은, 이들 활동을 교육과정과 연계시킨 것이었다. 합작사운동은 商科의 교육과정, 그리고 농촌부흥운동은 교육전공의 학과의 교육과정과 연계되었다. 학교당국이 두 운동을 교육과정에 연계시킨 이유는 학교당국이 지역적, 시대적 환경에 능동적으로 대응하려 한 시도와 관련이 깊었다. 복단대학은 경제도시 상해에서 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서 상과를 개설하여 운영해야 했으며, 경쟁력 있는 학과 운영을 위해서는 특색 있는 상과 운영 프로그램이 필요했다. 대하대학의 운영에 국민정부의 교육정책은 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 국민정부의 교육정책에 따라 대하대학은 실용교육을 위주로 한 구조개혁을 진행했고 그 결과 교육 인재를 양성하는 대학으로 변화했다. 대하대학은 교육 전공 학생들에게 제공할 교육 프로그램으로 농촌부흥운동을 적극 지원했다. 농촌부흥운동은 교육전공 학생들의 연구와 실습 활동의 일환으로 자리잡았다. Young Chinese students who underwent a mental revolution through the May Fourth Movement had emerged as major social forces that led to China"s reformation and change. The young students in Shanghai expressed their volitions and aspirations for social change and reformation in various ways. This paper focused on the social transformation measures that were attempted by the young students within schools with the support of the school authorities, and analyzed such cases as the Cooperative Movement in Fudan (復旦) University students during the 1920s and the Rural Revival Movement by students at Daxia (大夏) University during the 1930s. The two movements had commonalities despite the differences in the subjects and the times. First, the two campaigns were extensions of social reformation measures that the university students hoped to embrace and implement. Second, the support by the school authorities made it possible for the social reform measures by students at the two universities to transition and expand into the Cooperative Movement and the Rural Revival Movement. The most important aspect of support was the inclusion of these activities in the regular curriculum. The Cooperative Movement was included in the curriculum of the college of commerce; the Rural Revival Movement was included in the curriculum of education majors. The reason the school authorities included both movements in the curriculum was that they were deeply involved in the school"s attempts to actively respond to local and contemporary circumstances. Fudan University had to establish and operate the department of commerce to secure competitiveness in Shanghai as an economic city and needed a distinctive curriculum at the department of commerce in order to develop a competitive education program. This was why the students accepted the Cooperative Movement as a part of the curriculum in the department of commerce. Daxia University was heavily influenced by the education policies of the Nationalist Government. In response to the education policy of the Nationalist Government, Daxia University adjusted its departments, and consequently it changed into a university that cultivated talent in the field of education. Daxia University actively supported the Rural Revival Movement as an educational program to be provided to education majors. The Rural Revival Movement thus established itself as a part of the research and practical activities for students majoring in education.

농어촌 학생의 학습권 보장을 위한 법제도 개선방안

김성기(Kim, Sung Ki) 대한교육법학회 2021 敎育 法學 硏究 Vol.33 No.3

이 연구에서는 학습권의 법적･학술적 개념과 범위, 농어촌학생의 학습권 보장 정책, 농어업인삶의질법의 지원제도 등을 분석하고, 그 결과를 토대로 농어촌학생의 학습권 보장을 위한 제도적 개선방안을 제시하였다. 학습권은 ‘학습자가 교육을 통해 자신의 인간적인 성장･발달과 인격의 자유로운 발현을 도모하기 위한 적극적 권리’라고 정의하였다. 교육과정의 원활한 운영을 위한 적정 규모의 농어촌학교 육성을 위하여 교육과정의 원활한 운영을 위한 적정 규모의 농어촌학교 육성을 위하여 농어촌 교육사업 재정 지원을 통한 학교 유지, 통합학교의 교원통합 제도화, 농어촌교육발전 추진체계 구성･운영을 제안하고, 농어촌의 특성에 적합한 교육과정 및 수업운영 방법의 개발･보급을 위해 농어촌학교 교육과정 자율화, 원격교육 활성화 지원을 제안하였다. 농어촌학교 학생의 적성을 살리기 위한 다양한 교육기회의 제공을 위하여 고교 및 대학의 농어촌학생 특별전형, 다문화 등 소외계층 학생의 학습지원 등을 제안하였다. In this study, the legal and academic concept and scope of the right to learning are analyzed first. I analyzed the extent to which the right to learn is guaranteed, what kind of support system is in place in the Agricultural and Fishermen s Quality of Life Act, and how it is actually implemented. Based on the results, a systematic improvement plan was proposed to guarantee the right to learning of rural students. The right to learning can be defined as ‘a student’s active right to promote his/her human growth and development and the free expression of personality through education’. To foster rural schools of an appropriate size for the smooth operation of the curriculum pursuant to Article 23 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, it is proposed to maintain schools through financial support for rural education projects, to institutionalize the integration of teachers in integrated schools, to construct and operate a system to promote the development of rural education, and to develop and disseminate curriculum and class operation methods suitable for the characteristics of rural schools. Support for autonomy of the process and activation of distance education was proposed. In order to provide various educational opportunities to revitalize the aptitudes of rural school students, special admissions for rural students in high schools and universities, and support for the learning of students from underprivileged groups such as multiculturalism were proposed.

학교에서 거리로, 도시에서 농촌으로:1960~70년대 이념서클의 학생운동-연세대 한국문제연구회를 중심으로-

김아람 ( Kim¸ A Ram ) 연세사학연구회 2021 學林 Vol.48 No.-

연세대 한국문제연구회는 1960년대에 한일협정 반대, 삼선개헌 반대 투쟁을 하는데 주도적인 역할을 한 이념서클이었다. 한연회는 출발 당시부터 총학생회에 참여하였고, 이후에도 운동의 중심이 되어 총학생회를 선도하거나 비판하기도 했다. 타 대학과의 연대 활동에서도 주축이 되었다. 1971년 위수령으로 한연회가 강제해산되었지만 출신 멤버는 민청학련 사건으로 구속되었고, 후신 조직인 민족문화연구회는 1975년 시위를 이끌었다. 연세대의 사례로 보면, 1970년대에 이념서클 출신 멤버와 후신 조직이 활발하게 반유신 투쟁에 참여하여 1960년대와의 연속성을 보여준다. 이 흐름은 대학생이 정권의 억압에 지속적으로 저항하고 헌신했던 과정이기도 했다. 또한 이념서클은 대학생의 일상 문화를 공유하는 장이자 농촌활동으로 학생운동을 주도하는 주체였다. 한연회는 농활을 학생운동으로 인식하고 농촌의 현실을 분석하여 가능한 역할을 모색하고 있었다. 도시 대학생들의 단기간의 경험이 농촌문제를 파악하고 연대한다는 것에 분명한 한계가 있었을 것이다. 농촌이 도시 시위에 지친 학생들의 ‘피신처’였을지도 모른다는 비판도 있다. 하지만 이념서클의 ‘학생운동’은 당대 대학생의 입장에서 다각도에서 그 의미를 찾을 수 있고, 농활은 도시-농촌 문제를 환기하고 자기 비판을 할 수 있는 계기를 마련하는 것이었다. Yonsei University’s Korean Studies Association was an ideological group that played a leading role in the struggle against the Korea-Japan Agreement and the three-way amendment in the 1960s. The KSA participated in the student council from beginning, and later became the center of the movement, leading or opposing the student council. It also played a major role in solidarity activities with other universities. In 1971, the KSA was forcibly disbanded by the Garrison decree. Its members were arrested in the Mincheonghakryeon, and the National Culture Research Association, a successor organization, led the protests in 1975. In the case of Yonsei University, members from ideological groups and posterior organizations actively participated in the anti-Yushin Regime struggles of the 1970s, showing continuity with the 1960s. This trend was part of a process in which college students continued to resist and devote themselves to fighting the oppression of the regime. In addition, the ideological group was a place to share the daily culture of college students and led the student movements through rural activities. The KSA recognized agricultural activity as an element of the student movements and sought a possible role by analyzing the reality of rural areas. There must have been a clear limitation, in that urban college students’ short-term experience identified and solidified rural problems. There is also criticism that rural areas may have been a “place of refuge” for students tired of urban protests. However, the “student movement” of the ideological groups sought to find its meaning from the perspective of college students at the time from various angles and agricultural activity was to evoke urban-rural problems and to provide an opportunity to practice self-reflection.