原著 : 노인건강진단 수검자의 건강위험요인과 위장질환의 상관성 연구

김영교 ( Young Gyo Kim ),서부일 ( Bu Il Seo ) 대구한의대학교 제한동의학술원 2012 東西醫學 Vol.37 No.2

Human`s most fundamental desire is a natural urge and in the present aging society it is to leave long and healthy, it is necessary to take a medical examination to live healthy. By doing so, disease can be detected and treated at an early stage. Hence, a medical examination organized by National Health Insurance Corporation every 12 years is recognized as a basic medical examination by the public and as a result, health risk factors are being issued. The study is designed to analyze the results of medical examination of the examinees by gender; the by characteristics of health risk factors and by the levels of health signal factors. The study also defines the difference in stomach disease by the characteristics of health risk factors, and gives basic information on the cause of stomach diseases, in particular, stomach cancer, and the improvement of living condition in order to improve health of the elderly. The target of study were the 478 old people over 65 years of age living in Daegu, Gyeongbuk, who took medical examination organized by National Health Insurance Corporation at small and large hospitals in Daegu from June to December, 2010. Research used SPSS 12.0 Version, performed frequency and correlation analysis and observed in 0.05, 0.01, 0.001 level of significance. Data collection was based on the standards of National Health Insurance Corporation, and each disease (obesity, hypertension, anemia, diabetics, dislipoproteinemia, liver disease, renal disease, chest disease) was classified into Normal, Alert, and Disease, and the health signals according to the health risk factors (obesity test, drinking, smoking, exercise, blood pressure, blood sugar level, LDL cholesterol) were classified into Safe, Alert and Danger, and the data was recorded respectively. In the study, candidates were composed of 42.7% male and 57.3% female, and the age group was composed of two ; 73% of age group between 65 75 years old; and 27% of age group over 75 years old; the data was input and analyzed in the two groups. 1) According to the medical examination, the distribution of diseases showed 33.1% in obesity, 54% in hypertension, 21.1% in chest disease and 91.6% in hyperlipoproteinemia, and the result is exceptional in 99.0%. 2) By observing the distribution of symptoms of health risk factors, obesity was 46.2% in Alert group; exercise was 48.5% in Alert, 48.1% in Danger; hypertension was 51.3% in Alert, 48.1% in Danger; LDL cholesterol was 20.7% in Alert group. In the distribution of stomach disease, gastritis was highest with 67.2%; helicobacter pylon infection 20.7%; abnormal esophagi 18.6%; gastric reflux 14%; and stomach ulcer was 12.8%; and abnormal duodenum was 9.2% respectively. 3) Health risk factors and correlation between stomach disease and gender In health risk factors and correlation between stomach disease and gender, obesity (p<0.00l), drinking (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.00l), exercise (p<0.001), LDL cholesterol (p<0.001) all showed similar differences statistically ; and in obesity female was higher than male ; smoking and drinking were higher in male; in exercise in Danger group female was higher than male and in Alert group male was higher than female; and in LDL cholesterol female was higher than male. In gastroscopy results by gender, stomach disease (p<0.00l) and esophagi disease (p<0001) showed a similar difference statistically. In stomach disease, male had gastritis, gastric ulcer and stomach reflux in order; female had gastritis, stomach reflux, and gastric ulcer in order. In esophagi disease, male showed 24.5% abnormality and female showed 14.2% abnormality respectively. 4) Correlation between the health risk factors and stomach disease Among health risk factors, blood sugar level and esophagi disease (p<O.O6) showed similar difference statistically; drinking and esophagi disease did not show similar difference but presented a higher correlation. In smoking and duodenum disease (p<0.05) a similar difference was seen; and helicobacter pylon infection presented a similar correlation with smoking (p<O.O5), hypertension (p<0.05) and LDL cholesterol (p<O.05). By summarizing the results above, in health risk factor blood sugar level, drinking, smoking, hypertension and LDL cholesterols showed a similar correlation with stomach disease, in particular, blood sugar level seems to be a risk factor of esophagi disease ; smoking and duodenum disease; hypertension and smoking ; and LDL cholesterol with helicobacter pylon infection respectively. Therefore, by undergoing medical examination by National Health Insurance Corporation, it is important to manage the health of the public, maintain and improve their health, and particularly understand the health condition of the aged, and detect and treat the disease at an early stage; but more importantly, by understanding individual risk factors, and by effective improvement of lifestyle, health risk factor can be detected and removed at an early stage. To promote the improvement in quality of the public health, and to reduce the public medical expenses, I wish to suggest as below. It is considered that additional study on the health risk factors of people over 40 years of age, who are more exposed to health risk factors, and the cause of stomach disease is needed. 1`o improve the health of the elderly, various programs and a continuous systematic management as a measure are suggested.

청소년 성행동에 영향을 주는 위험요인 및 보호요인의 분석

한상철 미래를 여는 청소년학회 2009 미래청소년학회지 Vol.6 No.4

The main purpose of this study is to analysis the influences of risk factors and protective factors on adolescent's sex risk behavior. A sex impulsivity, a sensation seeking, a negative coping strategy, and a peer pressure as risk factors were presented by a prior researchers. A positive coping strategy, a positive perception on school life, a parent's rearing behavior(father and mother), and a parent-child's communication (father, mother) as protective factors were selected to base on previous studies, and found by researchers that these factors have buffering effect of risk factors on a sex risk behavior. The subjects are 600 2nd grade students of middle and high schools in D city. Scales for measuring these variables are all eight, such as a sex risk behavior scale constructed of 20 items, a sex impulsivity scale with 12 items, a stress coping strategy(positive, negative) scale constructed of 36 items, a sensation seeking scale with 20 items, a peer pressure scale with 20 items, a positive perception on school life scale with 9 items, a parent's rearing behavior involving monitoring and controlling scale with 9 items, a parent-child communication scale with 20 items. Statistical procedures used for data analysis were Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are: (1) As expected, all risk factors predicted significantly sex risk behavior. The higher risk factors was, the higher sex behavior was found in adolescent. are identified as risk factors. (2) The result showed that a positive coping strategy, a parent's monitoring and controlling rearing behavior, a parent-child communication as protective factors have buffering effect of sex impulsivity and sensation seeking on adolescent's sex behavior. This results were discussed with that considering an treatment effect of protective factors for preventing adolescent's various risk behaviors is importance.

초등학교 저학년 어린이에서의 대사위험요인 군집의 분포와 관련 위험요인

공경애,박보현,민정원,홍주희,홍영선,이보은,장남수,이선화,하은희,박혜숙,Kong, Kyoung-Ae,Park, Bo-Hyun,Min, Jung-Won,Hong, Ju-Hee,Hong, Young-Sun,Lee, Bo-Eun,Chang, Nam-Soo,Lee, Sun-Hwa,Ha, Eun-Hee,Park, Hye-Sook 대한예방의학회 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Objectives: We wanted to determine the distribution of the clustering of the metabolic risk factors and we wanted to evaluate the related factors in young schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study of metabolic syndrome was conducted in an elementary school in Seoul, Korea. We evaluated fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood pressures and the body mass index, and we used parent-reported questionnaires to assess the potential risk factors in 261 children (136 boys, 125 girls). We defined the metabolic risk factors as obesity or at risk for obesity ($\geqq$ 85th percentile for age and gender), a systolic or diastolic blood pressure at $\geqq90th$ percentile for age and gender, fasting glucose at $\geqq110mg/dl$, triglyceride at $\geqq110mg/dl$ and HDL cholesterol at $\leqq40mg/dl$. Results: There were 15.7% of the subjects who showed clustering of two or more metabolic risk factors, 2.3% of the subjects who showed clustering for three or more risk factors, and 0.8% of the subjects who showed clustering for four or more risk factors. A multivariate analysis revealed that a father smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, a mother with a body mass index of = $25kg/m^2$, and the child eating precooked or frozen food more than once per day were associated with clustering of two or more components, with the odds ratios of 3.61 (95% CI=1.24-10.48), 5.50 (95% CI=1.39-21.73) and 8.04 (95% CI=1.67-38.81), respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that clustering of the metabolic risk factors is present in young schoolchildren in Korea, with the clustering being associated with parental smoking and obesity as well as the child's eating behavior. These results suggest that evaluation of metabolic risk factors and intervention for lifestyle factors may be needed in both young Korean children and their parents.

사업장 위험요소 존재와 산업재해 발생의 관련성에 관한 연구 - 제9차 산업안전보건 실태조사 자료를 중심으로 -

엄수현,최서연 사단법인 한국안전문화학회 2022 안전문화연구 Vol.- No.17

In this study, focusing on the 'Focused on the 9th Occupational Safety and Health Survey Data', the existence of risk factors in the workplace and the relevance of the occurrence of industrial accidents are confirmed, and based on this, the existence of risk factors is identified in advance and safety and health management measures to reduce occupational accidents. It was carried out for the purpose of use as basic data for establishment. Among the raw data of ‘Focused on the 9th Occupational Safety and Health Survey Data’, 5,108 workplaces were selected for final analysis. The data are divided by industry, and the size of the workplace (number of workers), the occurrence of industrial accidents (as of 2017), mental/psychological, chemical substances, physical, ergonomics, presence of dangerous machinery/equipment, and the presence or absence of risk factors for work in hazardous places are 6 Statistical analysis was performed using the items. As a result, the occurrence of industrial accidents by industry was highest in the construction industry, manufacturing industry, and service industry. In the manufacturing and service industries, the larger the workplace, the higher the occurrence of industrial accidents, and in the construction industry, the occurrence of workplaces with 100 or more workers was higher. In the relationship between companies, in the manufacturing and service industries, the occurrence of industrial accidents among in-house subcontractors of the prime contractor was high, and in the construction industry, the occurrence of industrial accidents was high in the workplaces other than the principal and subcontractors. As for the presence of risk factors in the workplace, the presence of hazardous machinery and equipment risk factors in the manufacturing industry, mental and psychological risk factors in the service industry, and the presence of risk factors in dangerous places in the construction industry were found to be the highest. difference in existence. Occupational accidents were found to be highly correlated when risk factors were present. Through this study, it was confirmed that the relationship between the business type, size, and company of the workplace is related to the occurrence of industrial accidents. In addition, although the presence of risk factors in the workplace is highly related to the occurrence of industrial accidents, there are differences according to the industry. The safety and health system of the workplace should be established after identifying the characteristics of the workplace and the existence of risk factors in advance, and improvement and countermeasures should be prepared by identifying harmful risk factors through the search for accidents occurring at the workplace and discovering potential risk factors.

열성 경련 재발의 위험인자에 따른 고위험군 선별에 대한 연구

유선희 (Sun Hee Yu),임선웅(Sun Woong Lim),장영택(Young Taek Jang) 대한소아신경학회 2003 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

목 적 : 열성 경련은 전체 소아의 2-5%에서 최소한 1회 이상 발생하는 것으로 상당히 많은 질환임에도 불구하고 예방 및 치료에 대하여 일치된 의견이 없다. 또한 열성 경련의 예후는 대부분 양성 경과를 취하지만 30-40%에서 재발하게 되며, 드물지만 간질로 이행하거나 신경학적인 부작용이 나타날 수 있어 열성 경련을 경험한 어린이의 부모들은 많은 위기감을 느끼게 된다. 이에 열성 경련의 재발에 대한 위험인자를 살펴보고, 그에 따른 고위험군을 선별하여 그들의 부모에 대한 적절한 교육 및 치료를 하는데 도움이 되고자 연구를 시작하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 3월부터 2001년 8월까지 6년 6개월 동안 발열을 동반한 경련을 주소로 전주예수병원을 방문하여 응급실에서 치료를 받았거나 입원했던 만 6개월에서 5세 사이의 환아 중 초회의 경련이면서 비열성 경련의 과거력이 없으며, 중추신경계 감염이 없는, 2년 이상 추적 관찰이 가능한 342명을 대상으로 하여 첫 열성 경련 시의 연령, 발열의 정도, 경련의 지속시간, 경련의 형태, 혈청 나트륨 농도, 성별, 신경학적인 이상 유무, 가족력 등과 열성 경련의 재발과의 관계를 조사, 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) 첫 열성 경련 시 성별 및 연령 분포 : 대상 환아의 남녀의 비는 1.33:1이었으며 첫 열성 경련시의 연령 분포는 18개월 이하가 48.5%로 가장 호발하였다. 2) 위험인자별 재발률 : 첫 열성 경련의 발생 연령이 18개월 이하였던 166명 중 69명(41.6%)에서 재발하여 다른 연령 군에 비하여 재발률이 유의하게 높았다(P=0.014). 성별에 따른 재발률은 남녀각각 33.3%, 34.7%로 재발률의 차이는 없었으며, 열성 경련이 생기기 전 신경학적 이상의 유무에 따른 재발률도 각각 33.9%와 33.3%로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 열성 경련의 가족력이 있었던 경우 52.2%의 재발률을 보였고, 가족력이 없는 군에 비하여 재발률이 유의하게 높았다(p=0.002). 간질의 가족력과 열성 경련의 재발과의 관계는 정확히 알 수 없었다. 초발 열성 경련 시의 발열의 정도는 재발률과의 관계에 있어서는 39℃ 미만과 39℃ 이상에서 각각 35.1%, 33.6%의 재발률을 보여 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 초발 열성 경련의 경련 형태에 따른 재발률은 단순 열성 경련인 경우와 복합 열성 경련인 경우 각각 32.2%와 43.6%의 재발률을 보여 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 혈청 나트륨 농도에 따른 재발률에 있어서도 135 mEq/L 이상과 미만에서 각각 29.5%, 35.1%로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상을 종합하여 볼 때, 초발 열성 경련 시의 연령과 열성 경련의 가족력이 유의한 위험인자로 나타났으며, 위험인자가 없는 경우와 1개인 경우, 2개인 경우에 재발률은 각각 21.9%, 36.4%, 57.1%로 위험인자가 많을수록 재발률이 유의하게 높았다(P=0.001). 3) 열성 경련의 재발 시기 : 재발을 경험한 환아에 있어 재발 시기는 6개월 이내가 39.7%, 1년 이내가 69.9%, 2년 이내가 94.0%로서 대부분 첫 열성 경련 후 2년 이내에 재발하였다. 결 론 : 열성 경련 재발 예측의 위험인자로서 첫 열성 경련의 발생 연령(18개월 이하)과 열성 경련의 가족력이 의미가 있었고, 위험인자가 없는 경우 보다 위험인자의 수가 많을수록 열성 경련의 재발률은 의미 있게 증가하였고, 재발의 시기는 대부분 첫 열성 경련 후 2년 이내에 재발하였다. 따라서 위와 같은 위험인자를 가진 경우에 있어서, 특히 두 가지 요인을 모두 가진 환아는 고위험군으로서 열성 경련의 재발 가능성, 고열에 대한 대처, 재발 시 대처, 열성 경련의 예후 등에 대해서 더 많은 관심과 교육이 필요하다. Purpose : Febrile seizure affects 2 to 5% of children, but 30 to 40% of the children who already had febrile seizure experience another febrile seizure. We researched to define a high risk group of recurrent febrile seizures through investigating several risk factors. Methods : We evaluated 342 patients who were admitted to our hospital or treated in the emergency room for their first febrile seizure from March, 1995 to August, 2001. We assessed various risk factors, such as age, the type of seizure, body temperature, serum sodium concentration, sex, neurologic abnormalities, and family history of febrile seizure or epilepsy. Results : Age at the first febrile seizure(≤18 months) and family history of febrile seizure were significant risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizure. The study showed that 21.9% of the children who had none of these risk factors, 36.4% of the children who had one, and 57.1% of the children who had both factors had recurrent febrile seizures. Thus, the recurrence rates clearly increase as the number of these factors increase. Conclusion : Two major risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures were identified: early onset(≤18 months) and family history of febrile seizure. The risk of recurrent febrile seizures increased with the number of these risk factors increased. Consequently, children with both risk factors were considered to belong to a high risk group of recurrent febrile seizures.

열성 경련 재발의 위험인자와 그들의 조합에 따른 재발률 조사

문수정,선규근,김은영,나경희,박선영,김경심,김용욱,Moon, Su Jung,Sun, Gu Ken,Kim, Eun Young,Na, Kyong Hee,Park, Sun Young,Kim, Kyoung Sim,Kim, Yong Wook 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.11

Purpose : In previous studies, various risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures have been identified. But none of these risk factors alone could sufficiently discriminate children at high or low risk for recurrent seizures. Therefore, we tried to identify patients at high risk of recurrent febrile seizures by combining risk factors. Methods : Two hundred and four children who had been admitted to our hospital from March, 1997 to July, 1999 with their first febrile seizures were enrolled in our study, and followed up over 2 years. We investigated the recurrence rate according to variables such as sex, age at first febrile seizure, family history of febrile seizures or epilepsy, type of the first seizure, neurologic abnormality and EEG abnormality. Results : Family history of febrile seizures and age at first febrile seizure(<12 months) were significant independent risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures. With these two combined factors, four groups were allocated and the recurrence rate by each group was designated as follows: group with no family history of febrile seizures and age at first febrile seizure ${\geq}12$ months (no risk factor), 43.8%; the group with no family history and age <12 months(one risk factor), 61.7%; group with family history and age ${\geq}12$ months(one risk factor), 64.5%; group with family history and age <12 months(two risk factors), 90.4%. Conclusion : A correlation between numbers of risk factors and recurrence rate was present and the children with a family history of febrile seizures and a young age at onset(<12 months) were regarded as a high risk group of recurrence.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and 10-year Risk for Coronary Heart Disease in Korean Women

부선주,Erika Sivarajan Froelicher 한국간호과학회 2012 Asian Nursing Research Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and to estimate the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in a nationally representative sample of Korean women. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis using the data set from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. The sample was 2,998 Korean women (weighted n ¼ 14,420,987) aged 20e79 years without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was calculated using sampling weights and presented in percentages. Ten-year risk for CHD was estimated with the Framingham Risk Score, and the proportions for three levels of 10-year risk were presented. Results: About 18% of the sample had hypertension, 7.5% are current smoker, 30.0% had total cholesterol 200 mg/dL, 25.7% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 130 mg/dL, and 47.3% had high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 50 mg/dL. About 46% of Korean women were overweight or obese,and 33.3% were sedentary. About 75% of women had one or more major risk factors. In this study sample,98.5% had a 10-year risk for CHD of < 10%, 1.4% had a risk of 10e20%, and 0.1% had a risk of >20%. Conclusion: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in Korean women, and the combination of risk factors is common. Development and implementation of multifaceted nursing interventions are required to confront the current epidemic rise of CHD in Korean women. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and to estimate the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in a nationally representative sample of Korean women. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis using the data set from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. The sample was 2,998 Korean women (weighted n ¼ 14,420,987) aged 20e79 years without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was calculated using sampling weights and presented in percentages. Ten-year risk for CHD was estimated with the Framingham Risk Score, and the proportions for three levels of 10-year risk were presented. Results: About 18% of the sample had hypertension, 7.5% are current smoker, 30.0% had total cholesterol 200 mg/dL, 25.7% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 130 mg/dL, and 47.3% had high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 50 mg/dL. About 46% of Korean women were overweight or obese,and 33.3% were sedentary. About 75% of women had one or more major risk factors. In this study sample,98.5% had a 10-year risk for CHD of < 10%, 1.4% had a risk of 10e20%, and 0.1% had a risk of >20%. Conclusion: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in Korean women, and the combination of risk factors is common. Development and implementation of multifaceted nursing interventions are required to confront the current epidemic rise of CHD in Korean women.

Association between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Vascular Risk Factors in Aging Men: The Hallym Aging Study

김세영,정진영,최용준,김동현,이원기,이성호,이상곤 대한비뇨의학회 2010 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.51 No.7

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and risk factors for vascular diseases in a population-based cohort study, the Hallym Aging Study (HAS). Materials and Methods: Among the 1,520 participants in HAS, 280 men aged more than 50 years, who underwent detailed health evaluations, including health-related questionnaires, evaluations of their medical history, and various life style factors, as well as clinical measurements, were included in the study. Vascular risk factors used in the present study including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and smoking and were assessed by medical history and clinical measurements. LUTS were assessed by validated questionnaires, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the relationship between LUTS and vascular risk factors was investigated. Results: Of the 280 men, 175 (62.5%) had moderate/severe LUTS (IPSS>7) and 260 (93%) had one or more vascular risk factors. The IPSS was similar in those with no (11.6±9.7) and one or two (11.5±8.5) vascular risk factors, but increased to 15.1±9.3 in those with 3 or more vascular risk factors (p<0.05). The multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for age and body mass index (BMI) showed that men with 3 or more vascular risk factors were 3 times more likely to have moderate/severe LUTS than men without vascular risk factors (p<0.05). Conclusions: Men with risk factors for vascular diseases are more likely to have LUTS and these findings suggest that vascular risk factors play a role in the development of LUTS.

컨테이너 항만의 위험요인 식별 및 중요도 평가

이황재(Lee, Hwang-Jai),하민호(Ha, Min-Ho) 한국물류학회 2021 물류학회지 Vol.31 No.6

본 연구는 국내 컨테이너항만 위험관리 및 평가에 관한 연속연구의 첫 단계 연구로 항만 전문가 그룹의 관점에서 컨테이너 항만의 위험요인 식별 및 선정된 위험요인의 중요도를 평가한다. 국내 컨테이너 항만위험 관련 연구가 부족하여 해외 항만위험관리에 관한 연구에서 위험요인의 추출이 주로 이루어졌으며, 선정된 위험요인을 국내 컨테이너항만에 적용할 수 있는지 항만 전문가와 인터뷰를 통해 최종 5개 대분류 이하 19개 컨테이너 항만 위험요인을 선정하였다. AHP 결과에 따르면 인적 관련 위험요인, 환경 관련 위험요인 및 장비 관련 위험이 상대적으로 중요한 것으로 평가되었으며, 이는 의사결정자가 잠재적 사고를 방지하기 위해 이러한 요인에 자원 배분 등 최우선 순위를 두어야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 더욱 중요한 것은 이 연구의 결과가 위험요인의 발생가능성과 발생 시 결과 심각도와 결합 되어 향후 우리나라 컨테이너 위험평가 시 다양한 항만 위험평가 모델의 적용에 활용될 것이다. This study is the first step in a series of research on risk management and evaluation of container ports in Korea and focuses on the identification of the risk factor and the evaluation of the risk factor priority by taking perspective from a port expert group. Due to the lack of studies on the container port risk domain in Korea, the extraction has mainly been made from previous studies on overseas port risk management. 19 container port risk factors under 5 dimensions were selected through interviews with port experts by asking whether the selected risk factors can be applied to Korean container ports. According to AHP results, 3 dimensions of the human-related factors, environmental factors, and equipment-related factors were evaluated as important, which represents decision-makers should put their first priority on these factors to prevent potential accidents. More importantly, the results of this study are expected to be used in the application of various port risk assessment models by combining the occurrence likelihood of risk factors and the consequence severity of risk factors.

Impact of Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Young Adults: The Kangwha Study

Chang, Hoo-Sun,Kim, Hyeon-Chang,Ahn, Song-Vogue,Hur, Nam-Wook,Suh, Il The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2007 예방의학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Objectives: Although risk factors for coronary artery disease are also associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), there is little information available on the asymptomatic, young adult population. We examined the association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and the common carotid IMT in 280 young Korean adults. Methods: The data used for this study was obtained from 280 subjects (130 men and 150 women) aged 25 years who participated in the Kangwha Study follow-up examination in 2005. We measured cardiovascular risk factors, including anthropometries, blood pressure, blood chemistry, carotid ultrasonography, and reviewed questionnaires on health behaviors. Risk factors were defined as values above the sex-specific 75th percentile of systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting blood glucose and smoking status. Results: The mean carotid IMT${\pm}$standard deviation observed was $0.683{\pm}0.079mm$ in men and $0.678{\pm}0.067mm$ in women (p=0.567) and the evidence of plaque was not observed in any individuals. Mean carotid IMT increased with an increasing number of risk factors(p for trend <0.001) and carotid IMT values were 0.665 mm, 0.674 mm, 0.686 mm, 0.702 mm, and 0.748 mm for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 to 5 risk factors, respectively. The odds ratio for having the top quartile carotid IMT in men with 3 or more risk factors versus 0-2 risk factors was 5.09 (95% CI, 2.05-12.64). Conclusions: Current findings indicate the need for prevention and control of cardiovascular risk factors in young adults and more focus on those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.