Research on Pilling Performance of Cashmere Knitted Fabric Based on Fiber Frictional Properties

Yarong Wu,Wanyun Tian,Xue Zhang,Gui Liu,Luyi Chen 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

Pilling of cashmere knitted fabric has always been and being a tough problem; the scales available on the cashmere fiber surface and the as-resulted special frictional effect were one of the main reasons for pilling. In this research, the frictional coefficients [with-scale static coefficient (μws), with-scale dynamic coefficient (μwd), anti-scale static coefficient (μas), anti-scale dynamic coefficient (μad), μas- μws, μad-μwd, (μas- μws)/(μas+μws) and (μad- μwd)/(μad+μwd)] of cashmere fiber were measured by capstan method, and the conditions for measuring were optimized. On this basis, eight kinds of typical chemical or biological (protease) treatments were selected for anti-pilling treatment of cashmere knitted fabric, and the frictional coefficients of cashmere fiber under these treatments were measured. The surface morphology and the surface hairiness of cashmere were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and ultra-depth of field microscope, respectively. The pilling performance of these treated knitted fabrics was conducted by means of pilling box method. The effect of different chemical/biological treatments on the frictional properties of fibers and the relationship between frictional properties and pilling performance were analyzed based on OLS regression analysis and independent sample t test using Stata 16.0. Experimental results showed that there was a good correlation between the pilling performance of cashmere fabric and the value of μad- μwd. When considering the specific chemical/biologic treatments, different treatments possessed different effects on the specific indicators of fiber frictional performance; so, for different treatment processes, different frictional coefficients could be selected to assist the evaluation of fabric pilling performance.

The Relationship Between Subjective Pilling Evaluation Results and Detecting Pills and Textural Features in Knitted Fabrics

Abdurrahman Telli 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.8

The digital image processing studies are used in order to eliminate problems of subjective pilling evaluation. However, these applications did not come to the desired point. The purpose of this research is to put forward withexplanations about the reasons for the failures of previous studies in objective pilling evaluation. In this study, three issueswere dwelled on. Firstly, data belong to original fabrics (0 turns) were taken into consideration. Secondly, data werestandardized using min-max normalization with a feature scaling approach to compare different fabrics. For this process, dataafter pilling and results belong to original fabrics (0 turns) were taken together. Thirdly, knitted fabrics were separated intodifferent categories according to formed pill types and characteristics after pilling processing. The results were evaluated inthe most appropriate category according to the pill’s structure. Two sample fabrics containing appropriate structure andcharacteristics which were able to explain the three overlooked issues were used. In digital image processing made by payingattention to these mentioned three points, both pill parameters and textural features obtained from digital images weredetermined. The relationships between these parameters and subjective evaluation results were examined.

Evaluation of Fabric Pilling Using Hybrid Imaging Methods

Kim Sung-Min,Park Chang-Kyu The Korean Fiber Society 2006 Fibers and polymers Vol.7 No.1

A study has been made on the quantification and evaluation of fabric pilling using two-dimensional and three-dimensional hybrid imaging methods. Two-dimensional imaging method was good for some samples while three-dimensional measurement method for others, according to the properties of their base fabric. Various image processing techniques as well as three-dimensional data processing algorithms were applied for the extraction of pills from measured data and a series of shape parameters have been defined for the objective evaluation of fabric pilling. An evaluation criterion that is compatible with the conventional evaluation method has been proposed by applying the new evaluation method to the current photographic standards.

Study on the Integration of Fabric Pilling Generation and Evaluation System

김유림,김성민,Kim, Yurim,Kim, Sungmin The Korean Fiber Society 2016 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.53 No.5

An integrated pilling formation and evaluation system has been developed to evaluate the fabric pilling automatically and objectively. A pilling generation system was made using custom 3-D printed parts to generate pilling under consistent abrasion condition. A CCD camera was used to capture the images of specimen before and during the abrasion to observe the chronological changes that occur during the pilling generation process. Image analysis technique was used to measure and grade the pilling objectively.

Anti-pilling of Cashmere Knitted Fabric Based on Siloxane-Modified Chitosan

Wanyun Tian,Luyi Chen,Xue Zhang,Yarong Wu 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

In this study, chitosan was modified by two kinds of different siloxanes, γ-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and γ-glycidoxypropyl-dimethoxy- methylsilane (GPDMS), respectively, then applied for anti-pilling of cashmere knitted fabrics. The structure of the modified chitosan, the apparent morphology and the mechanical properties of the modified film were analyzed by FTIR, SEM and DMA, respectively. The hydrophilicity and swelling properties of the modified film were compared. The results showed that epoxy groups of siloxane reacted with amino groups of chitosan, and the –OR (R represents alkyl) groups of siloxane hydrolyzed and polycondensation conducted during the film-forming process. After modification, the mechanical properties of the film were more flexible, the hydrophilicity and swelling of the film was decreased. Cashmere knitted fabric was treated with the modified chitosan and glutathione was chosen as the model compound to explore the reaction between modified chitosan and cashmere fibers. The apparent morphology and elements distribution of the fibers were observed by SEM and EDS, respectively. The directional friction effect of the fibers was tested by fiber friction coefficient tester. The pilling grade, handle, whiteness and launderability of fabric were investigated. The results showed that the epoxy groups remaining in siloxane were reacted with the amino groups of cashmere fiber, which enhance the binding of the fiber and siloxane-modified chitosan, the siloxane-modified chitosan film formed on fibers in situ. The directional friction effect of the fiber significantly reduced, the tendency of fuzzes to the surface of the fabric was weakened and the probability of tangling of exposed fuzzings was reduced, the pilling grade of the fabric treated by modified chitosan reached level 4 and the fabrics had good launderability, the soft and smooth handle was still preserved. There was no obvious color difference of cashmere fabrics treated with siloxane-modified chitosan.

Analysis on the Pilling Factors of Cashmere Knitted Fabric

Li Long,Zhou Wei The Korean Fiber Society 2006 Fibers and polymers Vol.7 No.2

The effect of cashmere yarn twist, knitted fabric density, and cashmere properties on pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric is investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that yarn twist and fabric density have little influence on pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric for yarn 38.4 tex/2 when yarn twist varies from 234 T/m to 272 T/m, and the fabric density is 9.7, 10.7, and 11.2 yarns/inch, respectively. The length of cashmere fiber, in particular less than 7.5 mm, is responsible for the pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric based on optimal scaling regression analysis.

Synthesis and Application of Polysiloxane-Modified Polyurethane as Anti-pilling Finishing Agent for Polyester-Cotton Fabric

Zheng Liu,Wen Yang,Xiangdong Zhou 한국고분자학회 2020 폴리머 Vol.44 No.6

The polysiloxane-modified polyurethane anti-pilling finishing agent (SA-PU) was synthesized with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), polyester diol (PDHA), and amino-terminated siloxane (SA) as raw materials. The structure of SA-PU was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) showed that SA-PU had been successfully finished on the surface of the fabric. Moreover, the properties of SA-PU on the treated fabric were measured by Martindale abrasion, pilling tester, and Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F). The results indicated that the anti-pilling property of polyester-cotton fabric was improved 2~3 grades after finishing. In addition, the surface properties and bending properties of polyester-cotton fabric were also improved.

열처리 조건이 다른 Poly(lactic acid)(PLA) 직물의 물성 연구

권영국,정우영,손희정,길명섭,Kwon, Young-Kuk,Jung, Woo-Young,Son, Heui-Jeong,Khil, Myung-Seob 한국섬유공학회 2011 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.48 No.2

The effect of heat setting and subsequent dyeing on the mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)(PLA) fabrics was investigated, including the amount of pilling and "Year resistance. The PLA fabric exhibits significantly reduced tear strength as well as pilling and wear resistance as the heat setting temperature and time increase. While the tensile strength decreased above a setting temperature of $120^{\circ}C$, surprisingly the tensile strength of the set PLA fabric did increase slightly as the setting temperature was increased to values below $120^{\circ}C$, After dyeing, the other mechanical properties, pilling, and wear resistance of the PLA fabrics exhibited similar behaviors to the heat setting treatment. From these results, the heat treatment conditions of PLA fabric should be carefully decided to avoid the deteriorating effects on PLA fabrics.

Casing 부착 SIP공법에 의해 발생하는 항타소음의 전달 및 감쇠특성에 관한 연구

이병윤,윤해동,조원희,김재수 한국소음진동공학회 1999 소음 진동 Vol.9 No.5

Construction equipment noise has caused much annoyance for a number of dwellers in nearby construction field and has become a very serious issure in our living environment. Therefore, in our country, a practical solution and a better method of reducing construction equipment noise are highly required in construction field. Practical solutions for the construction equipment noise, however, are very difficult because of the poorness of basic data and insufficiency of the existing research. Especially, in order to establish the sound insulation plan about pilling works noise with high sound pressure level and impactive, a real situation of sound characteristics about the noise of pilling works in foundation work demands more detail investigation. In this point, this study attempts to survey the characteristics of attenuation and propagation of construction equipment noise in pilling work using SIP(soil-cement injected precast pile) method with casing. And this study intends to get the basic data for establishment of a standard about construction noise.

반복세탁에 의한 양말의 물성변화에 관한 연구

송경헌,김경아,Song, Kyoung-Hun,Kim, Kyoung-A 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 自然科學論文集 Vol.8 No.2

양말의 염색견뢰도에 영향을 주는 땀, 세탁의 인자를 선택하여 재질별, 성별착용에 따른 양말의 염색 견뢰도와 오염도 및 내구성 실험을 행하였다. 반복된 착용과 세탁에 의해 양말의 염색견뢰도는 면 100%의 것이 가장 우수하게 나타났으나 수축은 혼방제품과 면 양말에서 크게 나타났다. 성별착용 실험결과 남자가 착용한 것이 여자의 것보다 오염도, 수축, Pill 등이 훨씬 크게 나타나 내구성이 떨어지는 것으로 밝혀졌다. We were investigated the change of shrinkage, pilling, tensile strength, color fastness and staining of Cotton, Nylon, Cotton/Nylon(60/40) socks after wearing and washing. From the experiment we found that color fastness of the color socks decreased corresponding to the frequency of wearing and washing. Our results showed that color fastness in the case of Cotton is best among them. Shrinkage was significant in Nylon/Cotton and Cotton socks. In the experiment of male and female socks, male showed a greater evidence of staining, shrinkage and pilling than female.