1910-20년대 「부산부협의회」의 구성과 지방정치

홍순권(Hong Soon-Kwon) 부산경남사학회 2006 역사와 경계 Vol.60 No.-

Busan Pu-council was established in 1914, when the Pu-system began to be enforced under Japanese colonial rule over Korea, and lasted until 1931 just as the other Pu-Councils did in the most of Korean cities. Pu-council was just an advisory body which had no right to vote. In the 1910's the members of Pu-council were appointed by the provincial governor, but in the 1920's they were elected by eligible voters whose number was not over 3% of the urban population. Busan Pu-council had 12 members who consisted of 4 Koreans and 8 Japanese. Their term of membership was 2 years. Most of them were great merchants or capitalists. But they could hardly have any influence on the municipal administration, because they were just decorations for the pseudo-autonomy. The law of Pu-system was revised in 1920 as a result of the persistent demands of Japanese residents in Korea for the recovery of autonomy and the influence of the 1919 Independence Movement of Korea. The members of Pu-council were elected every three years during the 1920's. The members of Busan Pu-council were elected on November 21 in 1920. The 1st Busan Pu-council in the 1920's consisted of 4 Koreans and 16 Japanese. The 2nd Busan Pu-council consisted of 3 Koreans and 17 Japanese as a result of the local election in 1923. The 3rd Busan Pu-council consisted of 3 Koreans and 27 Japanese in 1926. The 4th Busan Pu-council consisted of 2 Koreans and 28 Japanese in 1929. The membership of Pu-council was upgraded since 1920, because the Pu-council members could represent the ‘limited' will of the citizen by the means of the election. They leaded the demand campaigns for electrical equipment under the public management during the 1920's, although they failed at last owing to the disagreement of Chosun Chongdokbu(the Japanese colonial government in Korea). But the Korean members of Busan Pu-council could hardly have any political influence because they were in a absolute minority. The Japanese members of Busan Pu-council were torn by factional strife. The Most of members of Busan Pu-council were the commercial or industrial capitalists of Busan in the 1920's. But we can find out easily the other classes such as lawyers, doctors, ex-government officials among the members of Busan Pu-council in the late 1920's. It reflects the diversification of the social classes of Japanese society in Busan at that time. In the side of the local politics, the factional strife between the Japanese council members got more deeply in the course of time. Generally, the great capitalists had the negative opinions against the campaign for electrical equipment under the public management, but the small capitalists kept the positive opinions for that. In the other hand, Korean members did not organize their own factional power, and were subordinated individually to the Japanese factions in Busan Pu-council. The local politics in Busan city represented by the pseudo-autonomy, the Pu-council system in the 1920s, has the distinctive features which are characterized with the factionalizaton between Japanese council members and the differentiation between Korean council members and Japanese council members.

Investigation on the spectroscopic characteristics for Pu oxidation state in acid and alkali medium

이명호,김종윤,김원호,정의창,지광용 한국방사성폐기물학회 2007 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.5 No.2

질산, 불산 및 과염소산을 사용하여 플루토늄 옥사이드 을 녹여 Pu 기준용액을 제조한후 UV-Visible-Near IR 분광기를 이용하여 Pu 흡수 스펙트럼 특성을 관찰하였다. 산성, 중성 및 알칼리 매질에서 Pu(III), Pu(IV) 및 Pu(VI)에 대한 분광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 알칼리 및 산 농도 증가에 따른 Pu(VI) 흡수 스펙트럼에 대한 특성 피크 세기 및 위치를 관찰하였다. 염산 및 수산화나트륨 매질에서 환원제 첨가에 따른 Pu(VI) 산화수 변화를 측정하였다. The absorption spectra of Pu in stock solution were measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer after dissolving , HF and . The spectroscopic characteristics of Pu (III, IV, VI) in acidic, neutral and alkali media were investigated. Also, the intensities and position of major peaks for Pu(VI) were observed with increasing acidic and alkali concentration. The variation of oxidation states of Pu(VI) with an adding reducing reactant was investigated in HCl and NaOH medium.

Determination of 241Pu in Environmental Samples Using Liquid Scintillation Counting System

Choi,Yong-Ho,Kim,Sang-Bog,Hong,Kwang-Hee,Choi,Geun-Sik,Lee,Chang-Woo,Lee,Myung-Ho 대한방사선 방어학회 1996 방사선방어학회지 Vol.21 No.2

알파방출핵종 존재하에 베타방출핵종인 ²⁴¹Pu 최적 분석조건을 검토하였다. 펄스파고 분석기법을 이용하여 PSA 준위를 설정 하였다. ²⁴¹Pu 표준선원을 이용하여 figure of merit가 최대가 되도록 ²⁴¹Pu counting channel를 조정하였고 계측효율이 최대가 되도록 형광체 부피를 설정하였다. 최적화된 ²⁴¹Pu 분석법을 토양과 이끼들의 환경시료에 적용하여 ²⁴¹Pu 방사능농도를 측정하였고 ²⁴¹Pu/²³?²⁴?Pu 방사능 비율로 부터 우리나라의 일부 토양 및 이끼에 침적된 Pu의 근원을 규명하였다. An optimized method for determining beta-emitting ²⁴¹Pu in the presence of alpha-emitting nuclides was developed using a liquid scintillation counting system. Pulse shape analysis (PSA) level was set using pulse-shame discrimination method and the ²⁴¹Pu counting channel was adjusted for maximum value of figure of merit using the ²⁴¹Pu standard source. The volume of scintillant was derermined for to environmental samples to measure concentration of ²⁴¹Pu in soils and mosses. Also it has been identified the origin of Pu deposited in Korea from the activity ratio of ²⁴¹Pu/²³?²⁴?Pu.

1930년대 부산부회의 의원 선거와 지방 정치세력의 동태

홍순권(Hong Soon-Kwon) 역사문화학회 2007 지방사와 지방문화 Vol.10 No.1

자문기관에서 의결기관으로 바뀐 부산부회의 의원 정원은 처음 33명에서 39명까지 늘어났다. 그 중 조선인 의원도 9명에서 15명까지 확대되었다. 의원 구성은 여전히 상공업자들이 수적으로 우세하나, 1920년대에 비해서 직업상 다양한 사회계층이 부회에 진출하였다. 특히, 전직 관료, 의사, 약제사, 변호사 등 전문직의 진출이 많았고, 일부 지주층도 참여하였다. 일본인 의원들은 파벌적 이해관계에 따라 조선인 의원들과 협력하기도 하였으나, 민족적 성격의 사안에 대해서는 조선인측의 의견은 자주 무시되었다. 부회운영은 전반적으로 일본인 의원들이 주도했으나, 특히 부회 내 일본인 파벌간 권력투쟁은 심해져 1939년 5월에는 부의장 선출을 둘러싼 부정선거운동으로 의원 당선자 전원이 무효 처리되고, 동년 8월에 재선거가 실시되었다. The Pu-hyopeuhoi(府協議會), which had been established as pseudo-council of the city in 1914, renamed into the Pu-hoi(府會) in 1931. The Pu-hoi as a legislative organ was different from the Puhyopeuhoi which had been just a advisory body, even though its chairman was still the mayor of Pu. The number of Busan Pu-hoi members was increased from 33 persons in 1931 to 39 persons in 1936, while the number of Busan Pu-hyopeuhoi members had been 30 persons at most. The proportion of Koreans in Busan Pu-hoi increased in comparison with that of Koreans in Busan Pu-hyopeuhoi, even though the majority of the Busan Pu-hoi was still Japanese. The number of Korean members in Busan Pu-hoi was 9 at the lowest and 15 at the largest during the 1930s. Their term of membership increased from 3 years in the 1920s to 4 years since 1931. The largest group of Busan Pu-hoi still was the group of commercial or industrial capitalists. But Busan Pu-hoi consisted of persons of more various classes, who were professional job owners such as ex-officials, doctors, pharmacists, lawyers, and landlords as the result of the local elections of Busan-pu which were exercised three times during the 1930s. Sometimes, the Japanese members tried to keep the cooperative relationship whith the Korean members in Busan Pu-hoi for their own interests But the opinions of the Koean members were despised in many cases by the majority of Japanese members when the bills contained the socio-economical conflicts between the two nations in Busan as a colonial local society. Of course, the conflicts between Japanese memebers, which was mostly originated from the factional rivalry, existed continuously during the period of Busan Pu-hoi. The vice-chairman election in 1939 was the most fraudulent election ever since the beginning of Busan Pu-hoi. As a result, all the elected in May 1939 was disqualified as invalid members of Pu-hoi, and the entire members of Busan Pu-hoi including all the Korean members were reelected in August 1939. That was the last destination of the factionalism between Japanese members in Buasan Pu-hoi under the colonial administration of Japanese imperialism.

府를 통해 본 9세기 신라의 지방제도 개편과 의미: 「月光寺圓朗禪師塔碑」의 사례를 중심으로

최경선 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2021 한국문화 Vol.- No.94

. In the 9th and 10th centuries, Pu(府) was established in Silla. This fact is noted as a result of the reform of the local system during the chaos of the late Silla Period. However, there is an example of Pu whose name is unknown. So there is a controversy about the location and character of pu. Therefore, I would like to analyze the rubbing of a stele and reveal the name of Pu. As a result, it will be possible to understand the relationship between Sogyŏng(小京) and Pu and the change in the status of Sogyŏng in the local system of Silla. Wŏlgwangsa wŏllang sŏnsa t’appi(月光寺圓朗禪師塔碑, The funerary stele of Sŏn Master wŏllang at Wŏlgwang Monastery) was erected in 890. □□江府 and T’onghwa-pu(通化府) recorded here is not found in historical records. Looking at the rubbing of □□江府, it is estimated that the second letter of the unboxes is close to Han(漢). In other words, the unknown name is presumed to be □江府. The center of □江府 is estimated to be Ch’ungju(忠州), Wŏnju(原州), or Chech’ŏn(堤川) near the middle and upper reaches of the Namhangang River(南漢江). Among these, I thought there was a high possibility of Ch’ungju. Wŏraksan Mountain, where Wŏlgwang Monastery was located, belonged to Sayŏli-hyŏn(沙熱伊縣) during the Silla period. This area is close to Ch’ungju and was later included in Ch’ungjumok(忠州牧) during the Koryŏ Dynasty. □江府 can be seen as another name for Chungwŏn-pu(中原府) which is the name when Chungwŏn’gyŏng(中原京), one of the five Sogyŏng of Silla, was reorganized into pu. Sogyŏng is estimated to be about the size of a Kun(郡) with two to three Hyŏn(縣). And Sogyŏng consisted of the central part of the castle and several surrounding villages. However, in 890, the area of Wŏraksan Mountain, which originally belonged to Naeje-kun(柰堤郡), belonged to □江府. This shows that when Chungwŏn’gyŏng was reorganized into Chungwŏn-pu, the area of jurisdiction of pu became wider than that of Sogyŏng. It is estimated that Chungwŏn’gyŏng was reorganized into Chungwŏn-pu between 822 and 836. Rebellion of Kim Hŏn-ch'ang(金憲昌) in 822 is drawing attention as the background. It is believed that local residents who were dissatisfied with Silla’s ruling system also participated in the rebellion. It is estimated that the residents of Sogyŏng, who had Kolp’um(骨品, Bone rank) and Kwandŭng(官等, Bureaucratic rank), also participated in the rebellion. Because they would also have been discriminated against by the ruling class of the capital. By reorganizing Sogyŏng into Pu, Silla government would have wanted to quell local complaints. Pu was an independent administrative unit, unlike Sogyŏng. The status of the region has been promoted. In addition, local residents would have been given local and military posts. This measure could have stabilized the local community a little. On the other hand, Silla society would have taken the path of local independence.

中國 花鳥畵譜의 類型과 系譜

차미애(車美愛) 한국미술연구소 2006 美術史論壇 Vol.- No.22

明ㆍ淸代에는 새를 그리는 법식과 새의 자세를 소개하거나 歷代名人들의 화조화를 複製하여 게재한 화보들이 상당수 제작되었다. 花鳥畵가 실린 화보는 「고송영모보」(1554)를 시 작으로 『개자원화전』3집(1701) 가운데 「영모화훼보」상ㆍ하책이 간행될 때까지 金陵(南京)과 武林(杭州)을 중심으로 150여 년간 활발하게 출판되었다. 「고송영모보」(1554)는 화조화만을 제재로 한 가장 이른 시기 화보라는 점에서 큰 의의를 지닌다. 이 화보에서 최초로 시도한 새를 그리는 법식은 이후에 제작된 『화수』의 「춘곡앵상」, 『개자원화전』등에 지속적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 이 화보의 새 그림들은 송대의 절지화조류를 근간으로 하면서 임량과 변문진 등 명대 궁정화조화풍을 반영하고 있다. 『화수』(1598) 중 영모보인 「춘곡앵상」은 송ㆍ원ㆍ명대 화조화에서 취한 다양한 새의 자세를 제시하여 이후에 제작된 화보에 크게 영향을 미친 화보이다. 「춘곡앵상」에 실린 새의 다양한 자세들은 『도회종이』의 「영모화훼초충보」와 『삼재도회』중 「人事」6卷의 ‘寫翎毛’에 대부분 차용되었을 뿐만 아니라 『목본화조보』와 『십죽재서화보』, 『개자원화전』에도 영향을 미쳤다. 『고씨화보』(1603)는 중국 역대 대표적인 화조화가의 그림을 소개함에 있어 오대와 송대의 작품은 당시에 전하는 예가 드물어 소수의 작품을 실은 데 반해, 비교적 실견하기 용이했던 명대 특히 명대 중ㆍ후기의 작품들이 큰 비중을 차지한다. 이 화보의 화조 그림은 『도회종이』, 『당해원방고금화보』, 『십죽재서화보』에 영향을 미쳤다. 『도회종이』(1607)는 「고송영모보」, 『화수』의 「춘곡앵상」과 『고씨화보』 내용을 총집산한 화보이다. 『도회종이』와 같은 시기에 제작된 『삼재도회』의 「人事」 6권에 실린 ‘起手’와 30종의 새의 자세를 도해한 그림들은 모두 『화수』의 「춘곡앵상」의 삽화를 배경만 약간 바꾸어 차용하였다. 1621년에 출판된 『목본화조보』와 『초본화시보』는 사생을 바탕으로 각종 식물의 품종들을 전문적으로 다룬 화보라는 점에서 큰 의의를 지닌다. 그 결과 이후에 제작된 『십죽채서화보』의 화조 그림에도 다양한 품종의 화목들이 그려지게 되었다. 그뿐 아니라 만명기 문인들의 공통된 특징인 ‘淸供癖’에 의해 제작된 선구적인 화조화보라는 점을 확인할 수 있다. 『십죽재서화보』(1630)는 다색다중판화로 인해서 색의 농담과 미묘한 변화의 효과까지 잘 표현하여 원화의 진가를 획득하여 감상화로서의 수준까지 이르렀다. 이 화보의 화조 그림은 선행화보인 『화수』, 『고씨화보』의 삽도를 일부 차용한 예도 있으며, 명대 오파후기화가인 周之冕(약 1580~1610 활동)과 송강파화가인 孫克弘(1533-1611)의 채색화조화풍을 반영한 예도 발견된다. 이 화보는 이후에 제작된 『개자윈화전』과 『고금명인화고』에 영향을 미쳤다. 『개자원화전』 중 「영모화훼부」 상ㆍ하책(1701)은 다색판화인 『십죽재서화보』를 한층 발전시켜 사생을 바탕으로 섬세한 필선과 부드러운 몰골이 조화를 이룬 가운데 아름다운 채색을 가미한 명ㆍ청대 채색화조화풍을따르고 있어 감상용화조화로서의 가치를 획득하였다. 이 화보는 선행화보인 「고송영모보」, 『화수』의 「춘곡앵상」, 『십죽재서화보』의 내용을 일부 차용하였다. 이 화보의 삽화는 『고금명인화고』에 부분적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막을 장식한 『고금명인화고』1ㆍ2ㆍ3집(1집 1888, 2집 1889, 3집 1890)에도 「영모화훼」부분을 나누어 화조화가 상당수 실려 있다. 화조 삽도들은 명ㆍ청대 화조화 및 화보를 참고하여 제작되었다. The painting manuals that particularly specialized in bird and flower subjects were highly appreciated among painters as bird and flower paintings became revived during the Ming and Qing periods. Those painting manuals not only provide pictorial instructions for these subjects, but also introduce famous bird and flower paintings of old masters. Since the Gao song ling mao pu(高松翎毛譜) was first published in 1554, a series of painting manuals like The Mustard-Seed Garden Painting Manual Ⅲ (芥子園畵傳) vol. 3 (1701) came to include an independent chapter for bird and flowers such as Ling mao hua hui pu(翎毛花卉譜). This type of painting manual were especially favored in such provinces as me Jin ling(金陵) and Wu Lin(武林) during next 150 years. Gao song ling mao pit (高松翎毛譜, 1554) of Gao song hua pu (高松畵譜) is a highly important work since it was the earliest painting manual that exclusively dealt with manuals how to draw birds and flowers. In fact, this painting manual gave a profound influence on Chun gu ying xiang (春谷?翔) of Hua sou (畵藪) and The Mustard-Seed Garden Painting Manual. Although this painting manual was mainly based on a che-chib (broken branches) style (折枝畵) of Song bird and flower paintings, it also displays Ming court bird and flower painting styles like those of Lin Liang and Bian Wenjin. Chun gu ying xiang (春谷?翔), one of the chapters of Hua Sou (1598) that exhibits diverse postures of birds was highly influential on later painting manuals. Various postures of birds introduced by Chun gu ying xiang were adopted in later painting manuals such as Ling mao hua hui cao chong pu (翎毛花卉草蟲譜) of Tu hui zong yi, Birds Drawing (寫翎毛) of Human Affairs Vol. 6 Ⅵ(人事) of San cai tu hui(三才圖會), Mu ben hua niao pu, Shlh zhu zhai shu hua pu, and The Mustard-Seed Garden Painting Manual. Gu shih hua pu(顧氏畵譜, 1603) introduced works of the Five dynasties and Song dynasty, but the main portion of me manual is dedicated to the mid and late Ming period. This manual also gave a gre-at influence on Tu hui zong yi, Tang jie yuan ao gu jin hua pu(唐解元倣古今畵譜), and Shih zhu zhai shu hua pu. Tu hui zong yi (圖繪宗彛, 1607) is the most comprehensive painting manual. It comprehensively collects various painting manuals such as Gao-song ling-mao-pu, Chun gu ying xiang of Hua sou and Gu shih hua pu. Qi shou '起手' from the Human Affairs Vol. Ⅵ (人事), one of the chapters of San Cai tu hui seem to have been all included to Chun gu ying xiang. Mu ben hua niao pu (木本花鳥譜), published in 1621 and the Cao ben hua shi pu (草本花詩譜) is highly important in terms of its realistic rendition of various kinds of plants. This painting manual in which birds and flowers were depicted on base of sketches allowed later painting manuals such as Shih zhu zhai shu hua pu to deliver various types of birds and flowers in increasingly realistic pictorial languages. It is also important to notice that this painting manual was done by Qinggongpi(淸供癖), which featured the aesthete of late Ming literati scholars. Shih zhu zhai shu hua pu (十竹齋書畵譜 1630) printed in multiple colors was able to display shading and color variation in such a great delicacy. Since tile multiple wood block print technique was able to successfully deliver tile sophisticated aesthetic of original works, tile painting manual itself may be considered as a piece of charming works of art. In particular, the bird and flower chapter of Shih zhu zhai shu hua pu seem to have influenced by earlier painting manuals such as Hua sou and Gu shih hua pu. Some of bird and flower works of Zhou Zhimian (周之冕, active in 1580-1610) and Sun Kehong (孫克弘, 1533-1611) suggest thar these two painters must have closely studied this manual. With no doubt, Shih zhu zhai shu hua pu gave a great influence on The Mustard-Seed Garden Painting Manual and Gu jin ming ren hua gao. The first and second volume of Ling mao hua hui pu (翎毛花卉譜, 1701) in the Mustard-Seed Garden Painting Manual (芥子園畵傳) achieved the most aesthetic form of a painti

역주《광군방보(廣羣芳譜)》의 내용분석 및 의의고찰

신방방(申芳芳) 중국인문학회 2018 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.69

In this study, the Mei Pu, Lan Pu, Ju Pu, and Zhu Pu of "Guang Qun Fang Pu" were translated and annotated. "Guang Qun Fang Pu", known as the encyclopedia of ancient botany, includes the types of plants, ecological characteristics, cultivation methods, effects of grains, fruits and vegetables, flowers, and so on. Based on "Qun Fang Pu", "Guang Qun Fang Pu" was revised by Hao Wang in the Qing Dynasty, which consists of Tian Shi Pu, Gu Pu, Sang Ma Pu, Shu Pu, Cha Pu, Zhu Pu, Hua Pu, Guo Pu, Mu Pu, Hui Pu, and Yao Pu. At that time, a total of 1667 species of domestic and foreign varieties were included. Each plant containing the name and the shape was analyzed in detail. Also, this book included cultivation methods of many kinds of plants and various ancient literary works related to plants. Recently, due to the domestic research segments, the systematically translating on Si Jun Zi Hua Pu has declined. This paper focuses on the Mei Pu, Lan Pu, Ju Pu, and Zhu Pu of "Guang Qun Fang Pu"; it is the first time to perform Korean translations on the related ancient events, classics, and biographies. Because of more comprehensive and accuracy than the original work of Xiangjin Wang, it provides important reference value for ancient plants study in the future.

일제강점기 도청사ㆍ부청사 건립의 배경과 성격

김명선(Kim Myung-Sun),박정대(Park Jung-Dae) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.2

During the period of colonial Choson, there were a total of 13 To (道) government office buildings, and as few as 12 and as many as 22 Pu (府) government buildings. In the beginning of that period, To and Pu government buildings were mainly housed in pre-existing facilities that had initially been constructed as Togwanchalbu (道觀察府) or the Japanese Lisachung (日本理事廳), as well as other types of facilities. Eight out of the nine newly established Pu's in the 1930's continued to make use of pre-existing buildings. It was towards the latter half of the 1920's that To and Pu offices began to be newly constructed. In the case of To offices, even earlier cases of new construction existed. The main reasons that spurred these particularly early new constructions were the relocation of a To office building to a different city; the relocation of the To government building within the same city; or the loss of a facility due to fire. Additionally, for both To's and Pu's, there were a few instances where older, pre-existing buildings were enlarged or remodeled for continued use. The five main reasons to invest in new construction were, 1) the relocation of a To government building or the new designation of a Pu; 2) the deterioration of a facility or subsequent lack of space due to an increase in activities and employees; 3) the loss of a building due to a fire; 4) the subsequent off-center location of a Pu due to the relocation or growth of the town's administration district; or 5) the desire to provide a building that fittingly reflects the prestige and dignity that a To or Pu was believed to possess. Among these five reasons, the second demonstrated the most need for the new construction of To and Pu government buildings. Many To and Pu officers simultaneously requested that the Choson Government-General grant them permits for new construction, but insufficient funds prevented their demands from easily being met. For this reason, some To and Pu officers would apply for a building permit while also donating funds or land for the construction, which would have been secured as contributions from the townspeople. In this manner, the people of some To‘s and Pu's ended up partially carrying the burden of building construction costs. In the end, new construction for To and Pu government buildings came to realization only after their need reached urgent status, which shows how little the Choson Government-General was active in the construction of To and Pu office facilities. However, records show that the construction of new To offices of Pyongbuk (平北), Kyongnam (慶南), and Choongnam (忠南) were executed at the same time that the operation of these buildings were transferred to key points along the railroad connecting Pusan (釜山) and Manchuria. Also, the construction of Hambuk (咸北) To's office building occurred at the time of its relocation to the military city of Nanam (羅南). Both of these cases demonstrates that the Choson Government-General implemented the construction of To office buildings not in response to local needs, but for the overall interest of imperialist Japan.

PU.1 Is Identified as a Novel Metastasis Suppressor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Regulating the miR-615-5p/IGF2 Axis

Song, Li-Jie,Zhang, Wei-Jie,Chang, Zhi-Wei,Pan, Yan-Feng,Zong, Hong,Fan, Qing-Xia,Wang, Liu-Xing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

Invasion and metastasis is the major cause of tumor recurrence, difficulty for cure and low survival rate. Excavating key transcription factors, which can regulate tumor invasion and metastasis, are crucial to the development of therapeutic strategies for cancers. PU.1 is a master hematopoietic transcription factor and a vital regulator in life. Here, we report that, compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues, expression of PU.1 mRNA in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not primary HCC, was significantly down-regulated. In addition, levels of PU.1 mRNA in metastatic hepatoma cell lines MHCC97L and MHCC97H were much lower than in non-metastatic Hep3B cells. Transwell invasion assays after PU.1 siRNA transfection showed that the invasion of hepatoma cell lines was increased markedly by PU.1 knockdown. Oppositely, overexpression of PU.1 suppressed the invasion of these cells. However, knockdown and overexpression of PU.1 did not influence proliferation. Finally, we tried to explore the potential mechanism of PU.1 suppressing hepatoma cell invasion. ChIP-qPCR analysis showed that PU.1 exhibited a high binding capacity with miR-615-5p promoter sequence. Overexpression of PU.1 caused a dramatic increase of pri-, pre- and mature miR-615-5p, as well as a marked decrease of miR-615-5p target gene IGF2. These data indicate that PU.1 inhibits invasion of human HCC through promoting miR-615-5p and suppressing IGF2. These findings improve our understanding of PU.1 regulatory roles and provided a potential target for metastatic HCC diagnosis and therapy.

중국 차고(茶膏)의 등장과 변천

김소연,김도공 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Pu'er Chagao is a kind of instant tea that is made in a special way with the juice of pu'er tea in Yunnan Province and it is separated from its fiber and boiled. Pu'er Chagao has a lot of effectiveness of tea with the strongpoint of convenience to carry and drink. One of notable things is that the title of Chagao in Pu'er Chagao had existed sinceancient times. Chagao is a kind of tea derived from the development of crumby-cake tea and was sufficiently valuable that it had been presented to the Chinese Imperial Court. Pu'er Chagao in the Qing Dynasty period achieved its recognition as a highly qualified tea, and its effectiveness has been recognized in traditional Chinese medicine. On the other hand, the method of Chagao manufacture had not been handed down and after the fall of Qing Dynasty, its reputation was not continued. Recently, the ancient Chagao has been reappearing owing to the efforts of the Chinese Tea academy, and the title of Pu'er Chagao is being used. Overall, the effectiveness of Chagao as the first instant tea had been recognized, and the manufacturing and drinking of tea had been studied from the ancient times. Pu'er Chagao is a kind of instant tea that is made in a special way with the juice of pu'er tea in Yunnan Province and it is separated from its fiber and boiled. Pu'er Chagao has a lot of effectiveness of tea with the strongpoint of convenience to carry and drink. One of notable things is that the title of Chagao in Pu'er Chagao had existed since ancient times. Chagao is a kind of tea derived from the development of crumby-cake tea and was sufficiently valuable that it had been presented to the Chinese Imperial Court. Pu'er Chagao in the Qing Dynasty period achieved its recognition as a highly qualified tea, and its effectiveness has been recognized in traditional Chinese medicine. On the other hand, the method of Chagao manufacture had not been handed down and after the fall of Qing Dynasty, its reputation was not continued. Recently, the ancient Chagao has been reappearing owing to the efforts of the Chinese Tea academy, and the title of Pu'er Chagao is being used. Overall, the effectiveness of Chagao as the first instant tea had been recognized, and the manufacturing and drinking of tea had been studied from the ancient times.