Medical simulation is needed in anesthesia training to achieve patient’s safety

장철호 대한마취통증의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.64 No.3

Many medical schools and hospitals throughout the world are equipped with a simulation center for the purpose of training anesthesiologists to perform both technical and non-technical skills. Because induction, maintenance, and emergence of general anesthesia are critical to patient welfare, various simulation mannequins and tools are utilized for the purpose of training anesthesiologists for safer patient care. Traditionally, anesthesia residency training mostly consisted of didactic lectures and observations. After completion of “traditional” training, anesthesia residents were allowed to perform procedures on patients under supervision. However, simulation would be a more effective training tool for which to teach anesthesiologists the skills necessary to perform invasive procedures, such as endotracheal intubation, central venous catheter insertion, and epidural catheter insertion. Recently, non-technical skills, such as the Anesthesia Non-Technical Skills developed by anesthesiologists from Aberdeen University, have been emphasized as an important training resource. Technical skills and non-technical skills can be learned by anesthesiology residents through a standardized and organized simulation program. Such programs would be beneficial in training anesthesia residents to work efficiently as a team in the operation room.

論文(논문) : NOTECHS이 安全運航(안전운항)에 미치는 影響(영향)

이상민 ( Sang Min Lee ),김칠영 ( Chil Young Kim ),황사식 ( Sa Sik Hwang ) 한국항공운항학회 2013 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Rotorcraft operating in the domestic aviation safety techniques are applied CRM training is conducted but, aircraft accidents caused by human factors has not shown a declining trend. Thus, knowledge of aviation safety and human factors for the spread of awareness of improved rotorcraft flight operations department managers to understand the complexity of nature and culture, and to perform high-risk mission helicopter pilot study of local activation and enhance safety awareness research was conducted in order to. In this study, the development direction of CRM training studies in order to identify the leading NOTECHS (Non-Technical Skills; non-technical pilot skills) of the four categories as the independent variable and the dependent variable corresponding to the resulting effect on the key variables awareness of the differences were studied. In addition, the direction and strength of the relationship were analyzed to determine the relationship of each independent variable to assess the impact on the dependent variable regression analysis was performed. Pilot training and evaluation of non-technical skills related to the teaching reflected in the CRM training and assessment must be carried out with 5 star rating scale was preferred. Therefore, to meet our country rotorcraft operating environment ``NOTECHS`` aviation safety by developing training programs reflected in the educational process, implementation, and periodic training and assessment is done in future research on this analysis and feedback is done to reflect the specific performance expect.

소방 지휘훈련체계 개선방안에 대한 연구 - 영국 소방의 현장지휘기술(THINCS) 시스템 분석을 중심으로 -

이창목,유현진,이종호 (사)위기관리이론과실천 2024 Crisisonomy Vol.20 No.6

본 연구는 소방 현장지휘 훈련체계 개선방안을 제안하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구목적 달성을 위하여영국과 국내 지휘훈련 시스템을 비교분석하고 전·현직 지휘훈련기관 교관 및 운영요원, 평가관과 실제인증평가에 참여한 경험이 있는 소방공무원 등 전문가 10명과 토론식 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 지휘훈련체계 개선을 위해서는 먼저, 국내 현장지휘관을 위한 비기능적 기술의 개발을 통해 현장의 상황에 따라유기적으로 대응할 수 있는 인적 역량을 개발하고 이를 논의할 수 있는 용어를 제시해야 한다. 또한, 획일적 평가에서 벗어나 훈련상황에서 관찰된 역량을 중심으로 평가체계를 개편하고 역할별로 구분되어있는 현재의 지휘훈련을 통합하여 핵심역량을 개발할 수 있도록 하며 이를 단계적으로 강화하는 방향으로 제도를 개선해야 한다. 그리고, 평가관 사전교육의 통해 평가의 일관성과 획일성을 확보하는 한편, 가상환경(VR)에 대한 의존도를 낮추고 팀 또는 서단위에서 팀원들과 상시 훈련할 수 있는 체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다. This study aims to propose improvement strategies for the incident command(IC) training system. To achieve the objective, a comparative analysis of IC training systems in the UK and Korea was conducted and the discussion-based interviews were carried out with the subject matter experts consisting of 10 current and former instructors, facilitators, raters, and firefighters with evaluation experience. For improvements in the IC training system, it is essential to first develop non-technical skills for domestic ICs that enable them to organically respond to on-site situations and to introduce terminology for discussing these capabilities. Additionally, moving away from uniform assessments, the evaluation system should be reformed to focus on capabilities observed during training sessions, and the current segmented command training should be integrated to strengthen core competencies in a phased enhancement of the system. Furthermore, through pre-education of raters, consistency and uniformity in evaluations should be ensured, while also establishing a system that reduces reliance on VR and enables team-or department-level continuous training.

한국어판 소독간호사의 수술 중 비기술적 술기 평가도구의 타당성

지현영,송경애 대한의료커뮤니케이션학회 2020 의료커뮤니케이션 Vol.15 No.1

Background : This is a methodological study for validation of the Korean version of scrub practitioners’ list of intra-operative nontechnical skills system, K-SPLINTS. Method : Data were collected from multidisciplinary expert panel (n=6) and a group of scrub nurses (n=40) with minimum two years of operative theatre experience in two university hospitals in Seoul. Contents validity was calculated from expert panel and reliability, completeness, observability and usability were analyzed from scrub nurses group. Result : K-SPLINTS is deemed to be adequate for assessing and training scrub nurses’ intraoperative behaviours. Conclusion : K-SPLINTS could be useful to inspire scrub nurses non-technical skills in the operating theatre.

A Hierarchical Solution Approach for Occupational Health and Safety Inspectors' Task Assignment Problem

Arikan, Feyzan,Sozen, Songul K. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.2

Background: Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a significant interest of all governments to prevent workplace hazards. Although appropriate legislation and regulations are essentials for the protection of workers, they are solely not enough. Application of them in practice should be secured by an efficient inspection system. Fundamental components of an inspection system are inspectors and their audit tasks. Maintaining the fair balanced task assignment among inspectors strictly enhances the efficiency of the overall system. Methods: This study proposes a two-phased goal programming approach for OHS inspectors' task assignments and presents a case study. Results: The solution approach gives the balanced assignment of inspectors to the workplaces in different cities of the country in the planning period. The obtained schedule takes into account the distances covered by the work places and the number of the workplaces' employees to be audited and pays attention to the human factors by considering the preferences of the inspectors. The comparisons between the obtained optimal schedule and the implemented one that is produced manually show that the approach not only maintains the technical requirements of the problem, but also provides social and physical balance to the task assignment. Conclusion: Both the approach and the application study are expected to offer fruitful inspirations in the area of safety management and policy and they provide a good guide for social policy and organizational aspects in the field of OHS inspectors' task assignment.

Bridge Resource Management Training Programs in Korea and Their Effectiveness

Seung Kweon Hong,Hongtae Kim 대한인간공학회 2016 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

Objective: This study aims to introduce the bridge resource management (BRM) training courses implemented in Korea and to analyze their effectiveness in several views. Background: BRM training will be a mandatory course for crew members of ships from 2017. At this stage, it is needed to check if the BRM training courses implemented until now was effective to the Korean maritime safety and to investigate if there are more effective training methods. Method: The effectiveness of BRM training intervention in Korea was compared with that of the other countries, using Kirkpatrick’s (1976) training evaluation framework. Kim (2012)’s data on the BRM training effectiveness were re-analyzed in order to check if the effects of BRM training are dependent on the bridge work experience. Results: Many BRM training courses has been opened in Korea. However, the methods to assess BRM training effects used in Korea focused on the survey of subjective satisfaction level, not investigating trainees’ attitude and behavior change. On the other hand, the effectiveness of BRM training was higher to the bridge officers with long work experience than with shorter work experience. Conclusion: The contents of BRM training should be changed to effectively apply to the context of the real-world exercise and be differentiated depending on the work experience. Research on the methods to measure the BRM training effectiveness is also more required. Application: The results of this study will aid to develop the BRM training courses for bridge officers of ships in the BRM training institutions.

비디오 디브리핑을 이용한 기본소생술 시뮬레이션 교육이 간호학생의 비기술적 술기와 기술적 술기수행능력에 미치는 효과

고진화(Koh, Jin Hwa),허혜경(Hur, Hea Kung) 한국성인간호학회 2016 성인간호학회지 Vol.28 No.2

공과대학생의 의사소통능력과 사고양식의 관계

황순희,윤경미 한국교양교육학회 2016 교양교육연구 Vol.10 No.3

This study aims to explore the relationships between ‘communicative competence’ and ‘thinking styles’ of engineering students in Korea, and to draw implications for the improvement of communication related courses and educational program. There has been much research on each of the two factors. However, according to the examination of both domestic and overseas researches concerning the relationships between communicative competence and thinking styles, little is known about them in terms of the engineering curriculum. This study was conducted with 466 engineering students at P University, and especially their ‘communicative competence’ and ‘thinking styles’ have been evaluated. Our findings showed that firstly, there were significant gender differences in communicative competence of engineering students. Second, both male and female students got higher scores on legislative, hierarchic, global, external and liberal styles. Third, we found a high correlation between the two factors, communicative competence and thinking styles. Also there were significant correlations among variables of subcategories. Through these findings, it is recommended that a more appropriate model of communication related courses considering individual thinking styles should be developed. 이 연구의 목적은 공과대학생(engineering students)의 의사소통능력과 사고양식 간에 차이와 관계를 포괄적으로 검토하여, 두 변인 간의 상관관계 및 영향관계를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 통해 학습자의 사고양식에 보다 적합한 의사소통교육의 교수방법 및 교과목 개선에 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 의사소통능력은 개인의 지적, 성격적, 심리적, 훈련적, 선천적 요인 등의 다양하고 복합적인 요인과 상관이 있고, 능력 및 성격, 성향과도 밀접한 관련이 있다. 한편, 사고양식(thinking styles)은 지적영역과 성격영역이 연합된 개념으로 개인이 선호하는 사고방식, 개인이 가진 능력을 사용하는 방법을 의미한다. 이러한 의미에서 사고양식은 능력이나 성격이 아니라 능력과 성격의 중간영역이다. 이러한 중간적 특성은 개인의 지적영역, 성격영역과 밀접한 상관이 있을 것으로 예측되는 의사소통능력과도 관련이 있을 것으로 보인다. 의사소통능력, 사고양식 각각의 특성요인, 관련 변인과의 관계 등에 관해서는 국내외에 상당히 많은 연구가 수행되었으나 의사소통능력과 사고양식 간의 관계를 탐색한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 이 연구의 세부 목표는 두 가지로 첫째, 공과대학생의 의사소통능력과 사고양식을 측정하여 학년별, 성별 차이를 분석하고, 둘째, 두 변인을 구성하는 하위 요인들 간의 상관관계, 영향관계를 분석하는 것이다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 공과대학생의 의사소통능력은 성별에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 남녀 학생 공히 입법적, 위계적, 전체적, 외부지향, 자유주의 사고양식이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 의사소통능력과 사고양식의 간에 높은 정적상관이, 그리고 세부 하위 항목 간에도 높은 정적 상관이 확인되었다. 이 연구는 의사소통능력과 사고양식 간의 관계를 직접 논의한 연구가 없는 상황에서 두 요인 간의 관련성을 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있으며 이를 기초로 사고양식을 고려한 교수방법 구안 및 유관 교과목 개선방안 모색에 시사점을 제공할 수 있으리라 기대한다.

한국군 부사관 획득제도 변천과정 분석으로 본 미래 발전방안 연구

손승호(Son, Seung-ho) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2013 군사 Vol.- No.88

The ROK Army extensively upgraded the status of its NCOs, by recognizing the importance of the NCO and redefining the role of NCOs to be more battle-oriented. The number of NCOs as part of the Defense Reform 2020,will be expanded to approximately 100,000 and the recent plan from new government presents that it will make the numbers even higher while curtailing the service period of enlisted soldiers to 18 months. In this critical moment of changes in military personnel management, stable NCO recruiting with understanding of the improved NCO capability and the changes in weapons system and younger generations consciousness has now become the most important factor, as it stands at the center of the spear head of the combat power. Diagnosing the aspects of the future war accurately and makinguse of lessons learned from the past would be the wise way to prepare for the war. Therefore, it becomes important to set recruiting system appropriate for future war by analyzing and assessing NCO recruiting systems by now and to ensure high-level combat strength at all times by guaranteeing the stable supply of high-quality personnel. Researches on NCO recruiting until now, however, stay at the level of merely summarizing representative cases of each decade and deal only with the data till 2006, as the field has attracted relatively less attention as a research topic. Moreover, there has been almost no previous research on improving the wartime recruiting system. Taking into account all the factors stated above, this research looks into the courses of the changes in ROK Army"s NCO recruiting from the time Armed Forces were activated to 2013 as it aims to draw a blueprint for recruiting NCOs in the future, and systematically analyze the history of NCO recruiting and keep it as historical data for future researches.