재난관리의 시스템화를 위한 재난교육체계 운영 방향에 대한 제언

이창훈 대구과학대학교 국방안보연구소 2017 사회융합연구 Vol.1 No.2

Integrated disaster response is required to effectively respond to the disaster environment, making the role of fire fighting as a field response unit of disaster management very important. On the other hand, there is a considerable shortage of safety education facilities in Korea that can receive professional education in case of a disaster (disaster) and is being conducted by the central government. In the U.S., Japan, Germany and other advanced countries, safety education is organized into regular school curricula to provide customized safety education based on the type of disaster, and disaster safety education is strictly based on experience. In comparison, Korea has failed to play a key role in disaster management due to its heavy reliance on the central government in disaster management and difficulties in securing manpower and material resources to cope with disasters. The systematization of such disaster management requires the establishment of a disaster safety education system through the establishment of a regional disaster safety response team, development and certification of national qualification system for disaster management experts, as well as the opening of departments related to disaster safety and development of standardized education courses. 재난환경에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해서 통합적인 재난대응이 요구되고 있어 재난관리의 현장대응 부서로서 소방의 역할이 매우 중요해지고 있다. 반면, 국내에는 재난(재해)에 대비하여 전문교육을 받을 수 있는 안전교육 시설이 턱없이 부족한 실정이며 중앙정부에서 실시하는 교육으로 진행되고 있다. 미국과 일본, 독일 등 선진국에서는 안전교육을 학교의 정규 교육과정에 편성해 재난 유형에 따른 맞춤형 안전교육 을 실시하고 있으며, 철저하게 체험 위주의 재난안전 교육을 실시하고 있다. 이에 비해 우리나라의 경우 재난관리에 있어 중앙정부에 대한 의존도가 높고 재난에 대처하기 위한 상시 인력과 물적 재원확보에 어려움이 따르다 보니 재난애등에 있어 핵심 역할을 효과적으로 수행하지 못하고 있는 싷정이다. 이러한 재난관리의 시스템화를 위해서는 중앙정부조직 주도하에 공적인 교유이 진행됨과 동시에 민간대학에서도 재난안전과 관련된 학과개설 및 표준화된 교육과정개발과 지역별 재난안전 대응팀 구축과 재난안전 연구센터, 재난관리전문가의 국가공인자격 제도의 개발 및 인가등을 통하여 재난안전교육시스템 구축이 필요하다.

일반인에서의 재난인식, 재난태도, 재난대처능력 간 영향관계

최미영(Mi-Young Choi),이효주(Hyo-Ju Lee),윤성우(Seong-Woo Yun) 한국정보통신학회 2022 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 일반인들의 재난인식, 재난태도, 재난대처능력 간 관계를 파악하고 재난에 대한 인식 제고 및 대처방안 마련을 위한 기초자료로 활용되고자 시도되었다. 본 연구는 K도, D광역시에 거주하고 있는 일반인 총 250명을 대상으로 2021년 7월 16일부터 7월31일까지 진행하였다. 본 연구결과 재난인식, 재난태도, 재난대처능력 간 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 일반인들의 재난인식은 재해 태도(재난대비 필요성, 재난관리)에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 또한 재난태도의 하위요인 중 재난관리는 재난대처능력에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<.01). 따라서 일반인들의 재난인식을 높임으로써 재난대처능력을 높이기 위한 구체적이고, 주기적인 교육이 마련되어야할 것이다. This study was attempted to understand the relationship between disaster awareness, disaster attitude, and disaster response ability of the general public, and to be used as basic data to raise awareness of disasters and prepare countermeasures. This study was conducted from July 16 to July 31, 2021 for a total of 250 ordinary people living in K-do and D metropolitan cities. As a result of this study, it was found that it had an effect between disaster awareness, disaster attitude, and disaster response ability. Specifically, it was found that the general publics awareness of disaster had a significant effect on disaster attitude (necessity for disaster preparation, disaster management) (p<.001). In addition, among the sub-factors of disaster attitude, disaster management was found to have a significant effect on disaster response ability (p< .01). Therefore, specific and periodic education should be prepared to increase the ability to cope with disasters by increasing the general publics awareness of disasters.

선사시대 원시인의 재난과 대처양식에 대한 분석심리학적 연구 : 신화와 암각화를 중심으로

정찬승 ( Chan-seung Chung ) 한국분석심리학회 2017 心性硏究 Vol.32 No.2

재난(災難)은 외면적으로는 인간과 사회에 감당하기 힘든 피해를 주는 엄청난 사건이며, 내면적으로는 인간의 마음속에 있는 온갖 종류의 개인적, 집단적 콤플렉스들을 자극한다. 2014년 세월호 침몰 사고는 많은 인명이 갑자기 사망한 인재이며, 대한민국뿐 아니라 전 세계의 수많은 사람들이 큰 심리적 충격을 받았다. 저자는 이 사고의 재난정신건강지원에 직접 참여하면서, 현대 기술 문명의 발달에 대한 자만심이 무너지고 거대한 슬픔과 무력감에 빠진 사람들을 만나는 과정에서 의식적, 무의식적 반응들을 분석심리학적 관점에서 고찰하고 연구해야 할 필요성을 실감했다. 본 연구는 신화와 암각화를 중심으로 선사시대 인간의 재난에 대한 관념과 대처양식을 조사하여, 그 속에 나타난 보편적, 원초적, 원형적 인간 심성과 문화적 특수성을 찾아내고 그 의미와 지혜를 발견하여 현대의 재난대응의 문제점과 개선의 방향을 고찰하고자 한다. 세계 도처의 창세신화들은 태초에 우주적 창조의 일부로서 재난이 있었다는 것을 보여준다. 인류는 선사시대로부터 세계의 주기적 경신(更新)이라는 파괴와 창조의 양면성의 관념에서 재난을 이해하고 대처했으며, 금기의 위반이 재난을 일으킨다는 관념을 갖고 있었다. 재난은 외견상 파괴적 작용을 통해서 의식의 근본적 경신(更新)을 지향하는 ‘자기(Self)’의 의도로 해석할 수 있다. 재난이라는 정신적 위기 상황에서 행해진 다양한 의례는 무의식과의 소통을 통해 인간의식을 새롭게 하고, 전체 정신의 조화를 추구하는 정신적 재생의 기회가 됐다. 현대 사회는 재난대응에 있어서 외면적, 기술적, 행정적 대응에만 치중한 나머지 고통받는 인간의 심성과 내면적 대처의 중요성을 간과하고 있다. 우리는 재난의 발생을 결정할 수는 없지만, 재난의 대처방식을 결정할 수는 있다. 외면적 재난대응을 힘써 발달시킴과 동시에, 재난의 의미를 성찰하여 인간의 심성을 살피는 내면적 재난대응을 함으로써 인간은 재난을 통해 고통의 의미를 발견하고 성숙의 길로 나아갈 수 있을 것이다. Disaster is externally an incident that causes enormous damage to society and humanity. Disaster also internally stimulate a variety of personal and collective complexes in the human mind. The sinking of Sewol Ferry in 2014 was a disaster that took away countless lives. People not only in South Korea but around the world were deeply affected by the incident. While directly taking part in disaster mental health support and meeting with people who were sunk in sorrow and helplessness and feeling the collapse of conceit against modern technological civilization, I realised the need to conduct study and research on the conscious and unconscious response from the viewpoint of analytical psychology. This research investigates the response and management of disaster in prehistoric times mainly through myths and petroglyphs. This study aims to consider the problems and improvements of disaster response in the modern times by finding the distinct cultural characteristics and the universal, fundamental, and archetypal human nature inherent in the concepts of disaster and responses to disaster and discovering their meaning and wisdom. Creation myths around the world show that in the beginning there was a disaster as part of the universal creation. Humanity has understood disaster as a periodic renewal of the world by the oppositeness between destruction and creation and had the idea that violation of taboo to be the cause of disaster since prehistoric times. Disaster could be interpreted as the intention of the Self that renews the fundamental consciousness through the externally appearing destructive action. Various rituals performed by man on earth renovates the human consciousness during a mental crisis situation, such as a disaster, and corresponds with the unconscious to create an opportunity for psychological regeneration that seeks harmony. Modern society has neglected the importance of internal dealing and the suffering human soul and concentrated on the external, technological and administrative actions related with disaster response. We cannot determine the occurrence of a disaster, but we can determine how to deal with the disaster. While developing external disaster response, we need to ponder on the meaning of disaster and conduct internal disaster response that care for human mind. Through this, we will understand the meaning of pain and have renewed mature psyche.

Alleviating Disaster Vulnerability and Improving Resilience of the Elderly

Won Hee Chung,양기근 (사)위기관리이론과실천 2022 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.12 No.1

When disasters occur, older people are more at risk than other age groups. This is because physical fitness, hearing, and vision deteriorate due to aging, and physical movement is not easy. Nevertheless, there are insufficient studies on accurate identification of the elderly who have disaster-safety vulnerabilities, and the recognition and behavior of the disaster risks of the elderly. In the age of aging, it is necessary to prepare systematic measures against disaster vulnerability and to promote resilience for the elderly. And it is urgent to implement practical disaster safety policies for the elderly as disaster-vulnerable people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the disaster vulnerability of elderly people and to improve their resilience in the age of aging. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, we examine the current status of the elderly people's disaster vulnerability, including the current status of the elderly and their recognition of disaster safety. This paper suggests: disaster vulnerability management that reflects the disaster vulnerability and desire of the elderly, legal and institutional support for enhancing the resilience of disaster recovery of the elderly, the development, education, and training with disaster-response manuals for the elderly.

Relationship Between Disaster and Corruption: Focusing on country-level analysis

( Jae Hun Shim ) 한국정책학회 2021 International Journal of Policy Studies Vol.12 No.2

In this study, the existing research on corruption in the field of disaster management discusses the effects of increased risk from disasters on corruption and the effects of corruption on disasters from a one-way perspective, respectively. It also starts from the awareness of the lack of discussion on disaster vulnerability in the impact of corruption on disasters. Based on the necessity of this study, the cyclical relationship between them was empirically analyzed by verifying the mediating effect of corruption on the effect of increased risk from disasters on disaster vulnerability. To this end, the risks of natural disasters classified into earthquake, flood, tsunami, typhoon, and drought for 164 countries out of 195 countries in the world, and the risks from conflict and violence, were composed of human disasters, By measuring the degree of corruption, the relationship between variables was verified using multiple regression analysis to verify the mediating effect. As a result of the analysis, the increase in risk due to the occurrence of a disaster had a significant effect on weakening the vulnerability to disaster, and it was confirmed that the occurrence of a disaster was a factor inducing corruption. Therefore, when considering the cyclical relationship between risk from disasters, disaster vulnerability, and corruption, this study suggests that a one-way perspective on the relationship between disasters, corruption, and disaster vulnerability can mutually influence from a cyclical perspective. It emphasizes the need for an anti-corruption strategy that can secure accountability and transparency at the domestic as well as international level to reduce corruption in the field of disaster management.

관광지 대형참사 대응을 위한 재난대응시스템구축에 관한 연구-부산 세계 불꽃축제를 중심으로-

김수진 한국외식산업학회 2023 한국외식산업학회지 Vol.19 No.6

Given that disaster management requires the central government’s support and actions and that local governments’ prompt response is important, it is crucial to effectively respond to disasters. Thus, considering the current centralized disaster management and safety system hardly implements effective disaster relief, this study is intended to help build a disaster management system where local governments, not the central government, of disaster-stricken regions primarily assume full responsibility for disaster control and relief. Specifically, the current government-led centralized disaster relief system needs to be decentralized in a way that the responsibility for disasters should be taken by local governments, which deal with disasters first before reporting to the central government. Supposing the Busan Fireworks Festival is a disaster-stricken site, this study proposes a disaster response system and organization, specifics to be reported and action plans for each team based on the case study about disaster management systems, applicable laws and how to cope with disasters in advanced countries. In short, it seems necessary to restructure the disaster management organizations and to reconstruct the specifics to be reported and the guidelines for each team to deal with important tasks.

환동해 재난 서사와 민족주의-2000년대 재난 소설과 영화를 중심으로-

신진숙 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 2012 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.52 No.-

This paper is designed to speculate the relationship between ‘disaster narrative’ and ‘nationalism’ in the East Sea Rim region. Disaster Narrative implies all kind of literature which includes any kinds of disaster as its subject. In other words, disaster narrative includes all kinds of cultural expressions such as films, fictions, and cartoons, in which roots in “the imagination of disaster.” Writings based on the imagination of disaster cover any events that the human can’t control it. Disaster narrative reproduces non-controllable natural disasters as main theme, for instance the stories about floods, tsunami, and earthquakes, and so on. Natural disaster implies all events which are able to destroy peoples’ lives. The fundamental nature of disaster is its destructive character which may demolish ordinary, repeated, and regular lives of human beings. People experienced natural disaster tend to be extremely chaotic in their social relations and psychological status. In that context, the subjective boundary of disaster narrative discourse expands to nationalism or statism discourse. In case of a disaster narrative story with nationalism discourse, the structure of the story is that membership of a nation can be intensified among members who has experienced such a fear of disaster and begun to imagine a nation community. Disaster tends to be regarded as something outside of a nation in the perspective of traditional nationalism. It is a hidden strategy that relationship of a national community can be strongly tied up by overcoming difficulties of a disaster from outside of national community. This paper is designed to look into the relationship between disaster narrative and nationalism among people in East Sea Rim regional countries. In particular, it is to shed some light on how disaster narrative of that region influence people’s nationalism. The findings of this study lead us to investigate the relationship between the politics of disaster and disaster narrative in a certain region. This study focuses on the films and novels of floods/tsunami as disaster narratives in East Sea Rim region. The scope of the study includes disaster narratives which were published in North/South Korea, China, Japan and Russia after the 2000s. Thus, the study selects the following films and novels as disaster narrative in East Sea Rim region;<Haeundae>(2009, south korea), <Sinking Of Japan>(2006, Japan), 『Megafloods』(2006, China), 『Influential Craze of Ranam』(2004, North Korea), <Siberia MonAmour>(2011, Russia). 이 글은 환동해지역의 재난 서사와 민족주의의 관계를 중심으로 문화 속에서 재난의 정치학이 어떻게 작동하고 있는지를 고찰했다. 환동해지역은 국가 단위의 문화연구를 극복하기 위한 개념이다. 분석 대상은 환동해지역의 장소성을 보여주는 재난 서사로서, <해운대>(한국, 영화, 2009), <일본침몰>(일본, 영화, 2006), <시베리아 모나무르>(러시아, 영화, 2011), 『대홍수』(중국, 소설, 2006), 『라남의 열풍』(북한, 소설, 2004) 등을 분석했다. 중국 동북3성을 배경으로 하는 『대홍수』와 북한의 『라남의 열풍』에서는 근대적 유형의 민족주의 담론이 여전히 강하게 전개되고 있다. 반면, 한국 <해운대>와 일본의 <일본침몰>은 이러한 경향으로 탈피하여 후기 자본주의 사회의 탈근대적 민족주의 혹은 개인주의 양상을 보여주고 있는 것이 특징이다. 이러한 지역적 차이는 한국과 일본이 환동해지역에서도 가장 빠르게 글로벌 사회로 진입한 결과라고 보여진다. 한편 러시아 영화 <시베리아 모나무르>는 재난 이데올로기 없이 헐벗은 생명으로부터 시작되는 재난의 윤리를 보여주고 있다. 재난 서사의 진정성은 재난의 정치학을 반영하는 동시에 이에 대한 비판적 사유를 이끌어낼 수 있다는 점에서 의미가 크다. 환동해 재난 서사가 지닌 가능성과 한계에 대한 분명한 사유가 필요하다.

정부의 재난 구호서비스와 갈등 간의 영향 관계에 관한 연구 -피해규모에 따른 조절효과를 중심으로-

이대웅,이다솔 한국정책분석평가학회 2023 政策分析評價學會報 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 재난 이후 지역사회에서 발생하는 갈등의 최소화를 위해, 재난 구호서비스와의 영향관계를 검증하였다. 특히 재난 구호서비스를 통한 응급조치와 긴급복구는 중장기적으로 지역사회 내 갈등의 발생을 줄일 수 있다. 그러나 한편으로 재난 구호서비스는 공급의 효율성, 분배의 공정성, 자원의 충분성 등의 문제로 인해 갈등을 일으키기도 한다. 재난 구호서비스는 단순 물자 공급이 아닌, 재난갈등과의 밀접한 관계를 맺는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 재난 구호서비스를 '긴급물자 영역, 보건의료 영역, 심리회복 영역, 경제지원 영역'을 유형화하여 재난갈등과의 영향관계를 분석하고, 재난관리 주체인 정부에 대한 신뢰의 매개 효과를 검토한다. 나아가 심층적인 탐구를 위하여 주민이 경험한 재난 피해 규모가 재난 구호서비스와 재난갈등 간 영향관계에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 탐색한다. 분석자료 및 방법은 국립재난안전연구원에서 수집한 ‘재난피해자 패널조사’를 활용하여 구조방정식과 다중집단분석 방법을 실시하였다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재난 구호서비스 유형 중 심리회복·경제지원 영역은 피해주민의 정부를 향한 신뢰의 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 보건의료 영역은 정부 신뢰를 매개로 재난갈등을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정부에 대한 신뢰가 높을수록 재난갈등 상황에 쉽게 노출되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 공정한 자원 분배가 필요하고, 투명한 의사결정 과정과 이해 관계자들의 의견을 수렴하는 의사소통이 강화되어야 함을 확인하였다. 이와 함께 신속하고 정확한 의사소통 체계 확립, 다양한 이해 관계자들 간의 협력과 조정 역시 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이상 본 연구에서는 재난 구호서비스와 재난갈등에 관한 학술적 외연을 확대하고, 우리나라 재난 구호서비스의 설계와 운영의 학술적 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. This study aimed to examine the relationship between disaster relief services and conflicts in local communities that arise after disasters, with the goal of minimizing such conflicts. The study categorized disaster relief services into 'emergency supplies, healthcare, psychological recovery, and economic support' areas and analyzed their impact on disaster-related conflicts. Additionally, the study investigated the mediating effect of trust in the government, the entity responsible for disaster management. Furthermore, the research explored how the scale of disaster damage influences the relationship between disaster relief services and conflicts. The key findings of the analysis are as follows. Firstly, among the types of disaster relief services, the areas of psychological recovery and economic support had a positive impact on enhancing trust in the government among affected residents. Secondly, the healthcare domain was found to decrease disaster-related conflicts through mediating the trust in the government. Thirdly, it was confirmed that higher trust in the government is associated with increased exposure to situations of disaster-related conflicts. Based on these results, the study emphasized the need for fair resource distribution, enhanced communication involving transparent decision-making processes, and the incorporation of opinions from stakeholders. In conclusion, this research aimed to broaden the scholarly understanding of the relationship between disaster relief services and conflicts and to provide academic foundational data for the design and operation of disaster relief services in South Korea.

A Study on the Disaster Field Response Procedure and Triage Using Disaster Tabletop

양현모,김경용 사단법인 미래융합기술연구학회 2021 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.7 No.9

In a disaster situation, paramedics are an important human resource for the primary response. However, most of the disaster education for paramedic students only provides theoretical lectures. The purpose of this study is to propose a disaster-related education method by applying a disaster scenario-based simulation program for paramedic students who will act as human resources in disasters. After conducting a pre-training survey, the equipment, record sheets, and communication systems used for disaster level training were explained. Then, regional manpower and space allocation, simulated disaster simulation, debriefing, and post-training survey and evaluation were conducted. Continuous variables were expressed as median and minimum and maximum values, repeated measured variables were analyzed using Wilcoxon's test, and nominal variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. To compare the results before and after training, a corresponding sample t-test was performed, a Cronbach alpha value was calculated to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, and a Pearson correlation test was performed to determine the association between the questions. In the preliminary survey, the need for disaster education was 7.6 (5-10), and the job confidence as paramedics was 6.1 (2-10) when a disaster occurred. In addition, the confidence related to the severity classification in the event of a disaster was 6.2 (2-10), and the confidence in the system delivered to other medical staff was 5.0 (1-8). The responses to the questionnaire after the simulation showed that satisfaction with road training education was 9.0 (6-10), while road training was 8.6 (5-10) with regard to improving work understanding and confidence when a disaster occurred. In addition, the need for road map training was 9.0 (6-10), and the willingness to recommend education to people around you for disaster road training was 7.9 (4-10). In the event of a disaster before and after simulation training, the confidence in work as paramedics improved from 6.1(2-10) to 9.0(6-10) (p<.001), and the confidence related to severity classification in the event of a disaster improved from 6.2(2-10) to 7.9( 4-10) (p<.001). In addition, confidence in the delivery system to other medical staff improved from 5.0 (1-8) to 8.1 (4-10) (p<.001), and the evaluation results asking for disaster-related knowledge were from 4.7 (1-7) to 5.1 ( 2-8), but it was not statistically significant (p=.050). In this regard, if instructors who can provide practical lectures are dispatched in the form of special lectures or help through workshops, it is thought that it will be easier to conduct disaster response training for each university.

Improving Disaster & Safety Information Delivery for Disaster-Vulnerable Populations

김윤희,양수연 (사)위기관리이론과실천 2024 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.14 No.3

Disaster and safety information is important for citizens in disaster situations as this assists the situational assessment and critical decision-making. Therefore, the central government in South Korea built and operates an emergency and disaster alert system called the Cell Broadcasting System (CBS) and local governments also established various disaster safety information delivery systems. However, these systems are primarily designed for the general citizens without any difficulties in reading and understanding these alerts or disaster and safety information. The elderly and disabled individuals are often referred to as ‘disaster-vulnerable populations’ or ‘disaster-vulnerable people’ and may encounter difficulties in receiving and understanding such disaster safety information promptly and effectively. This study focuses on the information delivery channels operated by the city of Seoul Metropolitan Government, aiming to identify the shortcomings of the current disaster information delivery channels. Furthermore, we examined relevant international cases and policies to extract the implications. This study proposes improvement measures to effectively deliver disaster information to disaster-vulnerable populations.