한국 전통색채와 디지털 전사 날염 색채 비교연구 -한국전통표준색명의 적색계를 중심으로-

박서린 ( Suh Rin Park ),김종준 ( Jong Jun Kim ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2016 패션 비즈니스 Vol.20 No.1

This research study was performed to compare between Korean traditional color and digital transfer textile printing. This would help to find the new direction to apply Korean traditional colors to modern textile industry. The objective of this study is to digitalize Korean traditional colors to be applied to modern textiles, based on research studies by previous researchers, on the actualization of Korean traditional colors for textiles. The study focused on 21 red colors among others. Digital color palette of graphic program was printed on 6 different polyester textiles by using digital transfer textile printing. Different things to be supplemented were found by comparing the results with the colors of Korean traditional standard color names. After measuring the colors, Munsell color system and CIE L*a*b* value were measured then comparative study was performed on the measured values using 3D graphs. Measured colors of Munsell varied by color but in overall, chroma became low while brightness became high. Color characteristic of warm colors got weakened by turning into cold colors as brightness got high but yellow and red got low due to the characteristics of CIE L*a*b* value. This study has limitations with color analysis of digital transfer textile printing due to standardization of textiles and standardization of traditional colors however it can support to actualize the colors for the design using traditional color names by visualizing the color change of digital transfer textile printing in the future.

딥러닝 알고리즘을 이용한 인쇄된 별색 잉크의 색상 예측 연구

전수현(Su Hyeon Jun),박재상(Jae Sang Park),태현철(Hyun-chul Tae) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2022 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.45 No.2

The color image of the brand comes first and is an important visual element that leads consumers to the consumption of the product. To express more effectively what the brand wants to convey through design, the printing market is striving to print accurate colors that match the intention. In ‘offset printing’ mainly used in printing, colors are often printed in CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key) colors. However, it is possible to print more accurate colors by making ink of the desired color instead of dotting CMYK colors. The resulting ink is called ‘spot color’ ink. Spot color ink is manufactured by repeating the process of mixing the existing inks. In this repetition of trial and error, the manufacturing cost of ink increases, resulting in economic loss, and environmental pollution is caused by wasted inks. In this study, a deep learning algorithm to predict printed spot colors was designed to solve this problem. The algorithm uses a single DNN (Deep Neural Network) model to predict printed spot colors based on the information of the paper and the proportions of inks to mix. More than 8,000 spot color ink data were used for learning, and all color was quantified by dividing the visible light wavelength range into 31 sections and the reflectance for each section. The proposed algorithm predicted more than 80% of spot color inks as very similar colors. The average value of the calculated difference between the actual color and the predicted color through ‘Delta E’ provided by CIE is 5.29. It is known that when Delta E is less than 10, it is difficult to distinguish the difference in printed color with the naked eye. The algorithm of this study has a more accurate prediction ability than previous studies, and it can be added flexibly even when new inks are added. This can be usefully used in real industrial sites, and it will reduce the attempts of the operator by checking the color of ink in a virtual environment. This will reduce the manufacturing cost of spot color inks and lead to improved working conditions for workers. In addition, it is expected to contribute to solving the environmental pollution problem by reducing unnecessarily wasted ink.

디지털 텍스타일 프린팅에서 Color Management System이 프린터-모니터간 Color 재현성에 미치는 영향

박순영,전동원,박윤철,이범수,박영환,Park, Soon-Young,Jeon, Dong-Won,Park, Yoon-Cheol,Lee, Beom-Soo,Park, Young-Hwan 한국섬유공학회 2009 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.46 No.2

The digital textile printing (DTP) has several advantages such as proper system for production of small amount, quick response system (QRS), and manufacturing of textile goods by various printing designs. However, it still has problems of color reproduction and control. Generally, color gamut of RGB (red, green, blue) system is wider than that of CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black); therefore, the colors seen in the monitor is different from the colors that appear in the printed output. The color management system (CMS) has been used for improving reproduction and control of printing color. This study was investigated the effects on the appearance of colors in printouts through CMS application such as color gamut, printability and color difference. The results were obtained as follows: first, Color gamut volume with dot gain 49% was decreased to 31.1% in comparison with dot gain 10%; Second, K/S value increased as the dot gain increased; third, the resolution of printer does not have so much effect on printability with light color when dot gain 10 and 20%; and fourth, by using CMS including calibration and profiling process, it was possible to reproduce monitor's color with DTP and reduce the standard deviation of $\Delta$E between monitor's color and printed color with DTP from 5.27 to 2.92.

UV 인쇄의 인쇄 적성 및 생산 최적화에 관한 연구

정창희,하영백,조가람,오성상 한국인쇄학회 2022 한국인쇄학회지 Vol.37 No.1

본 연구는 오프셋 인쇄에서 UV 인쇄와 LED-UV 인쇄의 품질을 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과 인쇄물의 색 농도 값은 백상지에 비하여 아트지와 유포지에서 상대적으로 높 게 나타내었다. 특히 UV 인쇄가 LED-UV 인쇄보다 색 농도 값이 상대적으로 높게 나 타났다. 트래핑 특성으로 재현되는 R, G, B의 경우에는 색 농돗값이 ISO12674-2 규격 보다 높게 나타났다. 또한 트래핑은 UV 인쇄가 중첩된 색 농돗값 0.1정도의 근소한 차 이로 LED-UV 인쇄보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 그레이 밸런스에서는 CMY로 재현된 그레이의 오차 범위 평균이 타깃 오차 범위인 색차(ΔE* 00) 2를 넘지 않았다. 망점 확대의 경우 UV 인쇄와 LED-UV 인쇄에서 아트지 와 유포지가 상대적으로 잉크의 흡수와 번짐 현상이 적은 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 특히 망점 확대율의 경우 LED-UV 인쇄가 UV 인쇄보다 평균 1.8% 정도 낮게 나타났 다. 색차의 경우 M 잉크를 제외한 모든 잉크에서 백상지와 아트지는 5.0 이내, 유포지 는 5.0을 벗어나는 결과를 보였다. 또한 전체적인 LED-UV 인쇄가 UV 인쇄보다 색차 가 적어 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. This study compared the quality of UV and LED-UV printing in offset printing. As a result, the color density value of printed matter was relatively higher on art paper and artifical paper than on wood-free paper. In particular, UV printing showed relatively higher color density values than LED-UV printing. In the case of R, G, and B, which are reproduced as overprinting characteristics, the color density values were higher than the ISO12647-2. It was also confirmed that the trapping was higher than the LED-UV printing with a slight difference of about 0.1 in the overprinting color density value of the UV printing. In gray balance, the average error range of gray reproduced by CMY did not exceed the target error range of ΔE* 002 . In the case of dot gain, art paper and artifical paper showed good results with relatively little ink absorption and smearing in UV and LED-UV printing. In particular, in the case of dot gain rate, LED-UV printing showed an average of 1.8% lower than UV printing. In the case of color difference, wood-free paper and art paper showed results within 5.0 and artifical paper exceeded 5.0 in all inks except for M ink. In addition, overall LED-UV printing showed good results with less color difference than UV printing.

라벨 인쇄의 컬러 품질 안정화에 관한 연구

이순석,오성상 한국인쇄학회 2019 한국인쇄학회지 Vol.34 No.1

해마다 포장 인쇄 산업의 성장과 더불어 라벨 인쇄도 비교적 빠른 성장을 보이고 있 다. 그러나 이러한 성장 패턴에도 불구하고 라벨 인쇄에 대한 연구는 비교적 저조한 상 태이다. 특히, 국내 라벨 인쇄에 대한 표준 인쇄 규격도 정립되지 않았다. 이 연구는 안 정된 품질의 인쇄물을 얻고 라벨 인쇄의 컬러 품질 표준을 설정하는 기초 데이터 제공 을 위해 잉크키 값을 기반으로 라벨 인쇄의 표준 컬러 농돗값을 확인하였다. 주요 결괏값을 농도로 비교할 때 가장 적절한 인쇄 조건 설정은 T3인 것으로 나타났 지만, 일부 고려 사항을 반영한다면 T4도 적절한 것으로 확인되었다. 트래핑 효율의 관 점에서, 모든 설정은 고속 건조인 UV 건조가 긍정적인 결과를 나타내었다. 망점 확대 는 T5가 가장 적합한 것으로 확인되었고, T4도 긍정적인 데이터를 보였다. 또한 CIEL*a*b* 컬러 공간에서의 컬러 게멋 볼륨, 그레이 밸런스에서 T4가 가장 긍정적인 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구는 라벨 인쇄의 컬러 품질 개선 및 안정화에 대한 기초 데이터를 성 공적으로 확인되었으며, 실제 생산에 이 컬러 농돗값을 적용한다면 안정된 품질의 인쇄 제품을 생산하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. In addition to the growth of the packaging printing industry each year, label printing is growing at a relatively rapid pace. However, despite this growth pattern, research on label printing is relatively poor. In particular, standard printing specifications for domestic label printing have not been established. This study identified standard color density values for label printing based on ink key values to provide basic data to obtain stable quality prints and set color quality standards for label printing. In comparing the key values to the consequential densities, the most appropriate setting was found to be T3, although with some considerations, T4 could also be deemed proper. In terms of the trapping efficiency, all settings showed positive results due to the effect of UV drying process which is a high-speed drying procedure. T5 was found to be the most suitable for the dot gain, and T4 also showed positive data. In addition, T4 showed the most positive result in the color gamut volume and gray balance in CIEL*a*b* color space. Therefore, this study successfully confirmed the basic data on color quality improvement and stabilization of label printing. Applying this color density to actual production could contribute to producing a stable quality printed product.

18세기 문학에서의 색채 표현과 강세황의 회화

고연희 한국한문학회 2014 韓國漢文學硏究 Vol.0 No.54

姜世晃(1713~1791)은 영향력 있는 文人畵家로서 設彩의 특성이 인정되는 회화제작을 하였고 그의 색채감각은 중국채색화보의 적극적 이용과 채색안료의 사용을 보여주고 있었다. 한 세대 뒤의 문인들 李德懋나 朴趾源 등의 시문에 드러나는 새로운 색채표현에도 회화안료의 색채명이 적극적으로 활용되는 특성이 나타난다. 회화와 문학에서 드러나는 색채표현의 상관성은, 이들이 동일한 문화적 환경에서 새로운 서적으로 채색감각의 표현을 익히어 문학적으로 회화적으로 표현하고자 했던 시대의 문예적 특성이라 할 수 있다. 특히 강세황은 문인화가로서 설채에 특장을 보임으로써 18세기 색채감각의 문화를 견인하는 역할을 하였다고 말할 수 있다. 이 연구는, 강세황의 시문에 나타나는 색채표현이 그의 회화적 색채감각을 이해하고 확인하는 자료로서 가치와 성과를 획득하고 있다는 점도 말하였는데, 이는 문학사적 가치를 부여하고자 함은 아니라, 강세황이 관심을 가지고 표현한 채색의 세계가 이덕무나 박지원 같은 문인들의 색채인식 및 색채표현과 함께 18세기 문예사의 특징적 양상으로 드러나는 색채감각으로 긴밀한 상호상관성을 가지며, 강세황 회화의 채색작업이 이러한 문학적 연관성 속에서 문예사적 의미를 확보한다는 점을 말하고자 함이다. Kang Sehwang(姜世晃), as an influential literati-painter acknowledged for his painting with colors in the mid-eighteenth century, used color-pigments based on the newly accepted Chinese colorful prints and paintings. It is notable that representative literary scholars of the late-eighteenth century of Joseon, Yi dekmu(李德懋) and Park Jiwon(朴趾源), used various color-vocabulary to describe natural objects more vividly. The color-vocabulary Yi and Park used are not usded in the previous literary works of Joseon, but were from the same Chinse book of colorful prints which Kang used. This inter-relationship of the visual art and verbal expression did not only a simple result produced in the same cultural environment but also a meaningful phenomenon of visual image's leading role in the color-sense and expression at the same time. Expecially because Kang Sehwang was an well-known scholar and a prolific artist, it would be said that Kang's colorful paintings exerted a strong influence with the change in the literary sense of color. Kang Sehwang, as a poet also, employed color-vocabulary to explain his own paintings or describe natural scenes. Kang's color-words in his poem were less abundant than those of Yi Dekmu and Park Jiwon, but thery are meaningful in that Kang's color words can be an evidence of Kang's perception of colors for his painting works, and that Kang's colors on his painting were leading the color sense at that time.

자외선 경화형 디지털 프린팅을 이용한 3D 프린팅 TPU 소재의 색채 특성

이선희 ( Sunhee Lee ),박소연 ( Soyeon Park ),정임주 ( Imjoo Jung ),이정순 ( Jungsoon Lee ) 한국의류학회 2021 한국의류학회지 Vol.45 No.6

This study aims to confirm the possibility of Ultra-Violet (UV)-printed 3D printing materials using thermal polyurethane (TPU) with CMYK colors by applying an eco-friendly UV digital printing process. A UV-printed 3D printing TPU material was prepared with cycles of UV printing and CMYK colors. Dyeability of the 3D TPU samples with cycles of UV printing and CMYK were analyzed for thickness, weight, surface roughness, reflectance, colorimetry, and K/S values. The thickness and weight of 3D-printed TPU samples with cycles of UV printing are increased with overprints from 1 to 5. The surface roughness of 3D-printed TPU samples with increasing UV prints were decreased, meaning that the surface of TPU samples becomes gradually smoother. The reflectance spectra of CMYK UV-printed TPU samples showed the surface reflectance within each characteristic wavelength of CMYK. The 3D-printed TPU samples, subjected to UV printing twice or more, showed low surface reflectance. After examining the L*a*b* of the 3D-printed TPU samples by the cycles of UV printing, the study found that the more UV got printed more than 2 times, the closer the color to each CMYK.

Plasmonic- and dielectric-based structural coloring: from fundamentals to practical applications

이태준,Jang Jaehyuck,정헌영,노준석 나노기술연구협의회 2018 Nano Convergence Vol.5 No.1

Structural coloring is production of color by surfaces that have microstructure fine enough to interfere with visible light; this phenomenon provides a novel paradigm for color printing. Plasmonic color is an emergent property of the interaction between light and metallic surfaces. This phenomenon can surpass the diffraction limit and achieve near unlimited lifetime. We categorize plasmonic color filters according to their designs (hole, rod, metal–insulator–metal, grating), and also describe structures supported by Mie resonance. We discuss the principles, and the merits and demerits of each color filter. We also discuss a new concept of color filters with tunability and reconfigurability, which enable printing of structural color to yield dynamic coloring at will. Approaches for dynamic coloring are classified as liquid crystal, chemical transition and mechanical deformation. At the end of review, we highlight a scale-up of fabrication methods, including nanoimprinting, self-assembly and laser-induced process that may enable real-world application of structural coloring.

고화도 발색세라믹잉크를 이용한 잉크젯프린팅 도자타일 연구동향

김진호,노형구,김응수,조우석,최정훈,이용욱,Kim, Jin-Ho,Noh, Hyung-Goo,Kim, Ung-Soo,Cho, Woo-Suk,Choi, Jung-Hoon,Lee, Yong-Ouk 한국세라믹학회 2013 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.50 No.6

Over the past decade, the feasibility of using ink-jet printing for the decoration of porcelain tiles has been explored, and significant advances have been made regarding the technologies underlying printing system and materials. An ink-jet printing system for porcelain tiles has many advantages compared with a conventional printing system, including the following: (1) it is a digital process; (2) it uses non-contact printing; (3) it allows random image generation; (4) it is a highly efficient process (reduced production cost); (5) it offers massive and continuous production; and (6) it uses inorganic pigment colorants. For these reasons, ink-jet printing systems for porcelain tiles have been commercialized and are at present rapidly spreading toceramics-leading countries such as Spain, Italy, China and Japan. We also developed a proprietary system involving a piezo-electric drop-on-demand method and an ink-circulation step. The resolution of this system is greater than 360 dpi after a heat treatment and the maximum printable width is 600 mm, even when setting the printing head unit with four digital colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). In addition, we systematically developed ceramic colorant-containing inks and tile-printing technology applicable to our ink-jet printing system.

Development of a Material Mixing Extrusion Type Chocolate 3D Printer

박민수(MinSoo Park),정형직(HyungJik Jeong),문제혁(JaeHyuek Moon),임정묵(JungMuk Lim) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.38 No.2

With the development of various 3D printing technologies, many studies are being conducted in the field of food printing. In particular, chocolate printing is widely used for decoration. As a result, there is a growing demand for color printing, which goes beyond conventional monochrome chocolate 3D printing. Therefore, in this study, we tried to confirm the possibility of printing a new color gradation by mixing two types of chocolates with different colors using a static mixer. For this purpose, extrusion type printer equipment consisting of extrusion parts with dual syringe, heater, and mixer, and transport parts with motors and linear guide were manufactured. Proper process conditions were achieved by changing the chocolate temperature and extrusion quantity. Through this process, the color-mixed structure was successfully printed, and it was confirmed through color-code analysis that proper mixing was achieved. Further, through the production of multi-mixed color chocolate printing structures with various shapes, structural and visual diversity was acquired.