자연 패턴이 건축 조형의 미의식에 미치는 영향에 관한 인지 과학적 연구

위란란(Wei, Ran Ran),조택연(Cho, Taig Youn) 한국디자인리서치학회 2021 한국디자인리서치 Vol.6 No.3

자연이 생성하는 형상은 풍부한 아름다움으로 시각적으로 즐거움을 줄 뿐만 아니라, 이런 자연 형상을 디자인에 모방하도록 영감을 주었다. 오래전부터 건축가들은 자연에서 영감을 받은 아름다움을 건축 조형에 투영해 왔다. 건축조형의 디자인에 자연 패턴을 적용하는 것은, 인간의 미의식에 잠재적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것 같다. 따라서 자연 패턴이 심미적인 즐거움을 일으키는 구조를 과학적으로 분석할 필요가 있다. 학제적 지식 환경에서 인지과학은 이 연구 주제에 더욱 과학적인 지도와 지원을 제공할 수 있다. 인지 과정 및 인지 습관 등의 인지적 측면에서 자연패턴이 건축 조형의 미학적 판단에 미치는 영향을 연구한다. 연구에 따르면, 자연 패턴을 적용한 건축은 인지 습관, 친숙한 자극, 다양성 통일의 세 가지 측면에서 조형에 대한 미적 경험을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 자연패턴의 미적 가치를 충분히 이해하고 이를 건축 조형 디자인에 적용한다. 자연 패턴을 모방한 건축 조형에 대한 충분한 이론적 증거를 제공한다. The shapes created by nature are visually pleasing with their rich beauty, but also inspire designs that imitate these natural shapes. Architects also often introduce patterns in natural shapes into architectural design. It seems that the application of natural patterns to the design of architectural modeling has a potentially positive impact on people s aesthetic consciousness. Therefore, it is necessary to more scientifically analyze the structure of aesthetic pleasure in natural patterns. In the context of modern interdisciplinary knowledge, cognitive science can provide more scientific guidance and assistance for this research. And study the influence of natural patterns on the aesthetic judgment of architectural shape from the cognitive aspects of cognitive process and cognitive habits. Research has found that buildings using natural patterns can improve the aesthetic experience of their shapes from three aspects: cognitive habits, familiar stimuli, and the unity of diversity. Fully understand the value of aesthetic experience induced by natural patterns and apply them to the design of architectural shapes. Provide a sufficient theoretical explanation for the architectural modeling to imitate the natural model.

신체활동 행동인지 프로그램이 발달장애 청소년의 신체활동 패턴과 모방 인지능력에 미치는 영향

송낙훈,박정민 한국스포츠학회 2023 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study was to investigate the effects of physical activity cognitive-behavior program on physical activity pattern and cognitive imitation ability in youth with developmental disabilities. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, youth with developmental disabilities at D, and S local, were selected at random and allocated 33 youth with developmental disabilities each for the Non Exercise group(NEG), Deficient Exercise group(DEG), Over Exercise group(OEG) and measured physical activity pattern and cognitive imitation ability before and after the experiment. The physical activity cognitive-behavior program for 16 weeks. The results of this study were as follows: First, As a result of analyzing the change of physical activity pattern according to physical activity cognitive-behavior program, OEG was significantly improved compared to NEG and DEG. Second, As a result of analyzing the change of cognitive imitation ability according to physical activity cognitive-behavior program, OEG was significantly improved compared to NEG and DEG. As conclusions, this study confirmed that the physical activity cognitive-behavior program on physical activity pattern and cognitive imitation ability distribution in youth with developmental disabilities. 본 연구는 신체활동 행동인지 프로그램이 발달장애 청소년의 신체활동 패턴과 모방 인지능력에 미치는 영향을 규명하여, 성장발달 기능 이상으로 인한 신체적 활동에 제약을 받고 있는 발달장애 청소년을 위한 효과적이고 안전한 운동 프로그램 및 적용 방법 개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신체활동 행동인지 프로그램에 따른 신체 활동량의 변화를 분석한 결과, 주중 신체 활동량, 주말 신체 활동량, 총 신체 활동량에서 주 3회 이상 정상적으로 운동 중재 프로그램에 참여한 그룹(OEG)에서 통계적으로 유의하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체활동 행동인지 프로그램에 따른 모방 인지기능의 변화를 분석한 결과, 신체 부위, 숫자 표기, 동작, 조작에서 주 3회 이상 정상적으로 운동 중재 프로그램에 참여한 그룹(OEG)에서 통계적으로 유의하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 신체활동 행동인지 프로그램이 발달장애 청소년의 신체활동 패턴과 모방 인지능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

수학 패턴 유형에 따른 5학년 학생들의 인지부하

이슬기,이광호 한국교원대학교 뇌기반교육연구소 2019 Brain, Digital, & Learning Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study is to see if there is any difference in the cognitive load of fifth graders according to the type of mathematical patterns in the task of finding regularity of patterns. To do this, the process of finding regularity solutions for 35 fifth grade students was recorded by using an eye-tracker and the correct response rate, self survey and the total visit duration were analyzed. As a result, there were no significant differences in representation patterns. The pattern of ‘growth·deformation method of creation’ and ‘geometric property’ were generated the lowest accuracy ratio, the highest cognitive load survey result, and the longest total visit duration. Based on these results, for learning of various types of pattern, it is considered appropriate to apply patterns of numbers and picture expression together from the beginning. And cognitive loads of ‘growth·deformation’ and ‘geometrical properties’ is judged to be greater than other generation methods and properties of pattern. So it is considered appropriate to apply 'repeat pattern' and 'physical, relational pattern‘ at the beginning of pattern learning and 'growth·deformation pattern' and ‘geometrical property pattern' are needed to handle later in pattern learning.

소비자 지식이 사고체계와 온라인 탐색경향에 미치는 영향: 제품가격의 조절효과를 중심으로

이미아 ( Mi Ah Lee ),이유재 ( You Jae Yi ) 한국소비자학회 2012 소비자학연구 Vol.23 No.1

하나의 미디어로서 뿐만 아니라 마켓 플랫폼으로서 온라인의 역할이 지속적으로 확대되면서 온라인 상황에서의 소비자의 정보처리과정에 대한 이해는 학계나 업계 실무자들에게 중요한 논점이 되고 있다. 온라인 관련 선행연구들은 소비자 평가 및 태도, 구매와 같은 결과변수와 이에 대한 선행요인을 다루는 연구주제들에 치중되고 있고 온라인 정보처리과정과 관련된 주제들은 비교적 소홀히 다루어져 왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 소비자의 정보처리과정을 통해 이루어지는 온라인상에서의 정보탐색 패턴을 규명함으로써 소비자 정보처리과정에 대한 체계적인 분석을 시도하였다. 즉, 온라인 정보탐색상황에서 소비자의 (객관적 vs. 주관적) 지식이 사고체계(인지적 사고와 경험적 사고)를 통해 정보탐색의 경향 (깊이와 넓이)에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 체계적인 정보처리와 휴리스틱 정보처리의 발생경로와 이에 따른 탐색행동의 차이, 그리고 이러한 정보처리경로에 영향을 주는 상황변수에 연구의 초점을 두고자 하였다. 분석 경과, 소비자 지식과 사고체계 간의 관계에서 객관적 지식은 인지적 사고체계에, 주관적 지식은 경험적 사고체계에 영향을 주고 있었고 이들 간의 교차효과는 없는 것으로 나타나 두 지식 체계의 상이한 역할을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 사고체계와 탐색경향의 관계에서는 인지적 사고를 하는 경우 여러 사이트에 걸친 폭넓은 탐색과 한 사이트 내에서의 깊이 있는 탐색을 동시에 하는 것으로 나타났으나, 경험적 사고는 탐색의 깊이에만 영향을 줄 뿐 탐색의 넓이에는 영향력이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 제품구매가격의 조절효과에 대한 결과를 보면, 인지적 사고가 탐색의 넓이에 미치는 영향은 고가격 제품에서 더 크게 나타났고, 반대로 경험적 사고가 탐색의 깊이에 미치는 영향은 저가격 제품에서 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 객관적 지식과 주관적 지식이 사고체계에 의해 완전 매개되는지 또는 부분 매개되는지를 확인한 결과 객관적 지식과 주관적 지식이 탐색의 넓이와 깊이에 미치는 영향은 인지적 사고와 경험적 사고가 완전 매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 연구결과를 바탕으로 다양한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 논의하였고, 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구방향을 제시했다. As the online environment continues to expand its role not only as a medium vehicle but also as a market platform, it is crucial for practitioners and researchers to understand how online consumers process information. Previous studies on online consumer behavior have mainly focused on consumer evaluation, attitude, and purchase as well as their antecedents, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying online information processing. We thus investigate which patterns are utilized during online information search and how these search patterns are related to consumers` knowledge and thinking systems. Specifically, we examine the effects of consumer knowledge (objective vs. subjective) on online search patterns (depth vs. breadth) through the thinking systems (cognitive vs. experiential). Our primary focus is on how systematic and heuristic information processing occur and how their effects on search patterns vary across purchase situations (high vs. low price). An online survey was conducted through a nationwide research agency. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents in late teens to early 30s, because they are likely to have a strong purchase power on online stores. A total of 500 completed responses were obtained, and 481 data were used for analysis. A quota sampling method was used in age and sex. Only those who had purchased apparel goods through internet at least twice in the last 6 months were asked to participate in this study. Each respondent was first asked to recall his or her past experience that he or she searched for apparel information going around several online shopping malls because new clothes are required. They were then asked to answer Questions based upon their prior experiences. Regarding the relationship between consumer knowledge and thinking systems, objective knowledge has a positive effect on the cognitive thinking system, whereas subjective knowledge has a positive effect on the experiential thinking system. No cross-over effects of objective and subjective knowledge on thinking systems are statistically significant, providing evidence for the distinct roles of two knowledge systems. Regarding the relationship between thinking systems and search patterns, the cognitive thinking system is positively related to both breadth and depth of search, whereas the experiential thinking system is positively related to depth of search, but not breadth of search. We performed multi-group analysis to test whether the impact of thinking systems on search patterns is moderated by product price. The sample was divided into two subgroups using median splits based on respondents` purchase price. Regarding the moderating role of price, the effect of cognitive thinking on breadth of search is greater for high price products than for low price products, whereas the effect of cognitive thinking on depth of search was not influenced by the price level. In contrast, experiential thinking has a stronger effect on depth of search for low price products than for high price products, whereas the effect of experiential thinking on breadth of search was not influenced by the price level. To determine whether thinking systems mediate the effects of objective knowledge and subjective knowledge on search patterns fully, an additional mediation analysis was conducted. The results show that the effects of objective and subjective knowledge on breadth of search and depth of search are fully mediated by cognitive thinking and experiential thinking. Therefore, consumer knowledge affects search patterns not directly, but indirectly through the thinking systems. In terms of theoretical implications, the primary contribution of this paper lies in elaborating an online information search process model by predicting thinking systems as a mediator between consumer knowledge and search patterns, subsequently examining relationships among consumer knowledge, thinking systems, and search patterns. In particular, we attempt to identify the information processing appearing in the heuristic route of decision making, compared to the complex route of decision making. Online retail and marketing managers may benefit from the findings reported here. The results enable online retailers to develop effective marketing strategies suitable for target consumer groups by presenting how much difference consumer search behavior shows according to clothing purchase price level. Some limitations of this research also offer a basis for future research. Apparel was the product category selected in this study. Future studies need to expand the research to different product categories such as utilitarian goods vs. hedonic goods, and search goods vs. experience goods. For this study, subjects are restricted to those who search for apparel information on the web sites rather than the usual apparel consumers. For this reason, the results of our study should be carefully interpreted and applied. We recommend that future studies adopt a more sophisticated sampling method in order to generalize the research findings. Finally, some variables, such as objective knowledge and experiential thinking, need better measures.

신체활동 행동인지 프로그램이 ADHD 초등학생의 신체활동 패턴과 동작 모방 인지에 미치는 영향

현광석(Kwang-Suk Hyun),박정민(Jeong-Min Park) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2024 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.24 No.16

목적 본 연구는 ADHD 초등학생들을 대상으로 신체활동 행동인지 프로그램 전과 후에 신체활동 패턴과 동작 모방 인지에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행된 연구이다. 방법 본 연구는 D지역과 S지역에 거주하고 있는 10-12세 ADHD 초등학생 33명을 대상으로 비 운동 대조그룹(NEG; Non- Exercise group/ n=11), 주 3회 이하 운동 참여그룹(DEG: Deficient Exercise group/ n=11), 주 3회 이상 운동 참여그룹(OEG: Over Exercise group /n=11)으로 선정하여 24주간 신체활동 행동인지 프로그램을 진행하였다. 본 연구 수행을 통해 얻어진 자료는 SPSS 26.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 반복측정이원변량분석을 실시하였다. 결과 첫째, 신체활동 행동인지 프로그램에 따른 ADHD 초등학생들의 신체활동 패턴을 분석한 결과 주중 신체활동량, 주말 신체활동량, 총 신체활동량에서 OEG가 DEG와 NEG에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 개선되었다. 둘째, 신체활동 행동인지 프로그램에 따른 ADHD 초등학생들의 동작 모방 인지능력을 분석한 결과 신체표시, 숫자표시, 동작, 조작에서 OEG가 DEG와 NEG에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 개선되었다. 결론 본 연구를 종합해 볼 때, 신체활동 행동인지 프로그램이 ADHD 초등학생들의 신체활동 패턴과 동작 모방 인지에 효과적인 운동임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 특히, OEG 그룹의 신체활동 패턴과 동작 모방 인지 변인의 긍정적인 변화와 DEG 그룹의 변화는 비 참여그룹에 비해 긍정적인 결과임을 확인한 결과이다. Objectives This study was to investigate the effects of physical activity cognitive-behavior program on physical activity pattern and motion cognitive Imitation ability in children with ADHD in elementary school. Methods In order to achieve the purpose of this study, children with ADHD in elementary school at D, and S local, were selected at random and allocated 33 children with ADHD in elementary school each for the Non Exercise group(NEG), Deficient Exercise group(DEG), Over Exercise group(OEG) and measured physical activity pattern and motion cognitive imitation ability before and after the experiment. The data obtained from this study were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 statistical program the two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed. Results The physical activity cognitive-behavior program for 24 weeks. The results of this study were as follows: First, As a result of analyzing the change of physical activity pattern according to physical activity cognitive-behavior program, OEG was significantly improved compared to NEG and DEG. Second, As a result of analyzing the change of motion cognitive imitation ability according to physical activity cognitive-behavior program, OEG was significantly improved compared to NEG and DEG. Conclusions As conclusions, this study confirmed that the physical activity cognitive-behavior program on physical activity pattern and motioncognitive imitation ability distribution in children with ADHD in elementary school.

주거환경의 네이버후드 영역적 특성 연구

여혜진(Yeo Hae-Jin),백세나(Baik Ce-Na) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.4

This study examines the characteristics of neighborhood in residential environments using an in-depth case study of GuroㆍGaribong-dong area in Seoul. It investigates the typological arrangement of the neighborhood territory and facility-using activity patterns of residents with an inquiry of how residents are likely to cognize and use the residential environments and structuralize the neighborhood territory. The four types of neighborhood territory and activity pattern are highlighted: for neighborhood territory, (1) clustering pattern, (2) scattering pattern, (3) expanding pattern, (4) one-block pattern, and for activity pattern, (a) street-oriented pattern, (b) short-distance pattern, (c) long-distance pattern, (d) combination pattern. The findings are, first, dominant types are clustering pattern with street-oriented pattern. Second, cognitive neighborhood territory is in general much smaller than Perry's Neighborhood Unit, administrative unit and irrelevant to population statistical unit. Third, cognitive neighborhood territory and activity pattern is structuralized its domain and centricity loosely by subway stations and open space, but not by public buildings and schools. The findings substantiate the actual neighborhood varies in its scale, form, major land use, and boundary compared to planned neighborhood unit.

패턴중심 음악 만들기 프로그램이 유아의 수학패턴인지 및 음악창의성에 미치는 효과

서영민,이순형 한국유아교육학회 2018 유아교육연구 Vol.38 No.6

The purpose of this research was to develop a Music-Making Program focusing on Pattern(MMPP) and to investigate whether such a program alters preschoolers’ mathematical patterning and musical creativity. The MMPP consisted of 20 fourty-minutes sessions for group and 4 twenty-minutes sessions for individuals. Main subjects were music understanding, music making, and music expressions. Iconic score was used as a teaching and learning tool. Four songs in patterns of ABA and ABAC were utilized as contents of MMPP. A total of 74 preschoolers attending kindergarten in Incheon city of South Korea, were assigned into treatment group (n=38) or control group (n=36). Collected data before and after the treatment were statistically analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, and covariance (ANCOVA) with SPSS 18.0 and case study methods. The most notable results are as follows. First, the MMPP treatment group showed a significant increase in mathematical patterning. In particular, the group excelled in recognition of repeating pattern and spatial structure pattern. Second, the MMPP treatment group showed a significant increase in musical creativity, Especially on musical extensiveness, musical flexibility, and musical originality. In conclusion, this study confirmed that MMPP would induce mathematical patterning and musical creativity and encourage positive development in children. Viewed from an integrated point of view, this study presents methodological meaning to verify mathematical pattern, and musical creativity on quantity and case study. Finally, this study suggests that MMPP would be helpful for young children to develop skills in mathematical patterning and musical creativity. 이 연구의 목적은 패턴을 중심으로 음악 만들기 프로그램을 개발하고 시행하여 유아의 수학패턴인지와 음악창의성에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 선행연구와 문헌고찰을 기반으로 총 24차시(그룹: 20차시, 개별: 4차시)의 패턴중심 음악 만들기 프로그램을 개발하였다. 패턴중심 음악 만들기 프로그램의 주제곡은 패턴(ABAC패턴, ABA패턴)의 유형에 따라 설정하고, 내용은 이해, 창작, 표현의 하위 목표에 따라 구성하며 교수학습도구로 그림악보를 사용하였다. 인천시에 위치한 유아교육기관 2곳의 유아 74명을 연구대상으로 프로그램을 시행하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS프로그램을 이용하여 평균, 표준편차, 독립표본 t검증, 공변량분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 패턴중심 음악 만들기 프로그램은 유아의 수학패턴인지를 향상시켰으며, 유아의 음악창의성 중 음악지속성, 음악독창성, 음악유연성을 유의하게 향상시켰다. 이는 융합인재교육(STEAM)의 예술분야와 수학분야의 융합이 타당함을 입증하였고, 패턴중심 음악 만들기 프로그램의 효과를 증명하였음에 의의가 있다.

Initial Rendezvous Protocol using Multicarrier Operation for Cognitive Radio Ad-hoc Networks

( Ik-soo Choi ),( Sang-jo Yoo ),( Myunghwan Seo ),( Chul-hee Han ),( Bongsoo Roh ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.6

In cognitive radio technology, the overall efficiency of communications systems can be improved without allocating additional bands by allowing a secondary system to utilize the licensed band when the primary system, which has the right to use the band, does not use it. In this paper, we propose a fast and reliable common channel initialization protocol without any exchange of initialization messages between the cluster head and the member nodes in cognitive ad-hoc networks. In the proposed method, the cluster and member nodes perform channel-based spectrum sensing. After sensing, the cluster head transmits a system activation signal through its available channels with a predetermined angle difference pattern. To detect the cluster head’s transmission channels and to join the cluster, each member node implements fast Fourier transform (FFT) and computes autocorrelation for the angle difference sequence of the received signal patterns. This is compared to the predetermined reference angle difference pattern. The join-request and channel-decision procedures are presented in this paper. Performance evaluation of the proposed method is presented in the simulation results.

기혼여성 우울증 환자의 부부문제에 대한인지-대인관계 치료의 효과

장문선 한국임상심리학회 2006 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.25 No.2

Recursive Cognitive Processes in L2 Writing of Korean EFL Students: An Analysis of Think-Aloud Protocols

배정수,최호성 한국영어어문교육학회 2013 영어어문교육 Vol.19 No.2

This study investigated the writing process performed by six Korean EFL learners. These advanced writers were asked to compose four narrative writings and four argumentative writings in L2 under think-aloud conditions. Analysis of the forty eight think-aloud protocols revealed that all of the writers notably exhibited cyclical writing when producing a single idea unit. First, when generating ideas with less demanding contents, the writers involved the single brainstorming cognitive strategy of ‘idea generation (IG)’ directly in L2, and this sequence of a single strategy was shown repeatedly in think-aloud protocol data. Next, the ‘idea generation (IG)-translation (T)- lexical searching (LS)’ pattern was the second most frequently occurring strategy. This pattern is a partial section out of the full set of the ‘idea organization (IO)-idea generation (IG)-lexical searching (LS)-translation (T)-text examination (TE)- metacommenting (MC)’ writing pattern. In argumentative writing, the noticeable patterns were the ‘IG (L1)-T,’ ‘IO-IG (L1)-T’ and ‘IG (L1)-LS-T’ patterns. Meanwhile, for the narrative genre, the noticeable writing patterns were the ‘IG (L2),’ ‘IG (L1)-T’ and ‘IG (L1)-LS-T’ patterns.